Contrastive Analysis on Low Temperature Carbonization of Longkou and Yaojie Oil Shale in Aluminum Retort

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Yao Xiong ◽  
Ming Jie Ma ◽  
Guan Yu Wang ◽  
Shan Xiu Huang ◽  
Guang Yi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Experimental Findings

Lots of basic analyses carried on YJOS (Yaojie oil shale) and LKOS (Longkou oil shale) consist of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, XRF analysis and shale oil yield in aluminum retort. Besides, TGA are used on YJOS, LKOS and shale oil, gas chromatographic analysis is used on retorting gas. The results show that LKOS and YJOS have the same hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, but LKOS has higher volatile component and its oil yield in aluminum retort is much higher than YJOS. Ca content in LKOS is much higher than YJOS, however, Al and Fe content in LKOS are lower than YJOS. Two kinds of shale oil after destructive distillation have similar composition and relative content, in addition, they all produce more low boiling point distillates, combustible component of their destructive distillation gas are H2 and CH4, the second are CO and C2H6. Aluminium retort experimental findings, The carbonization temperature is the main influence factor on oil shale destructive distillation process in aluminum retort. Residence time has small influence on shale oil yield but need to choose appropriate heating rate and particle size. Best carbonization parameters of LKOS in aluminum retort: Temperature 500~550°C, heating rate 5°C/min, particle size 2~4mm, Residence time 10~20min;the best parameters of YJOS: Temperature 500~550°C, heating rate 5°C/min, particle size0.2~0.9mm, residence time 10~20min.

Some Effects of Pressure on Oil-Shale Retorting

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Bae
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Sweeping Gas ◽  
Experimental Pressure

Abstract A series of batch-type retorting experiments 930 degrees F were performed to investigate the effect of pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the retorting of oil shale. The experimental pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. pressure ranged from atmospheric to 2,500 psig. The sweeping gases used were N2, COe, H2O, NH3 and H2. We found that high pressure reduces the oil yield significantly and produces a larger volume of light hydrocarbon gases. The crude shale oil obtained at high pressure has higher aromaticity and a lower pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur pour point than the low pressure material. The sulfur and nitrogen content in shale oil does not change significantly with increasing pressure. The effect of sweeping gas is usually small. In general, gases which decompose to yield H2 increase the oil yield at high pressure. At atmospheric pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, pressure there is no effect. The high oil yield with H2, more than 100 percent of the Fischer Assay, reported on "hydrotorting" experiments was not observed in this work. Introduction The in-situ retorting of oil shale has attracted much interest because it obviates the troublesome problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and problem in surface retorting of mining, crushing and handling a large quantity of oil shale. The cost of these operations in the surface retorting process amounts to more than half the total production cost of shale oil. From an economic point of view, the recovery of shale oil by in-situ methods is highly desirable At present in--situ retorting is accomplished by combustion or hot gas injection, following conventional hydraulic fracturing. Explosive fracturing also has been studied. While these methods of fracturing are promising, there is still much uncertainty associated with them. On the other hand, even if an adequate mass permeability could be created, the high pressures encountered at depths of several thousand feet where oil shale commonly existwould certainly affect the thermal decomposition of oil shale. Thomas has experimentally simulated the effects of overburden pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of oil shale during underground retorting. Allred and Nielson studied the effect of pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and pressure in reverse combustion on the yield and quality of oil produced. These results are fragmentary and are applicable only to reverse combustion. Grant reported an oil yield of 35 to 40 percent of the Fischer Assay was obtained in a laboratory forward combustion experiment at 500 psig. We decided to investigate the effect of pressure on oil shale retorting because so little information was available on subjects. We sought to determine me effects of fluid pressure and surrounding atmosphere on the quantity and quality of products obtained from retorting oil slide. Results of a series of batch-type retorting experiments are reported. EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT A schematic drawing of the retorting and product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump product-collecting system is shown in Fig. 1. The pump delivers the sweeping gas at a constant rate to the retorting unit, which is maintained at the experimental pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through pressure. The gas purged from the unit passes through a glass adapter to a centrifuge tube that is cooled by an ice-salt mixture. The gases are cooled further in the condenser that is kept at 32 degrees F and then sampled, measured through a wet-test meter, and vented. The retorting unit is an Autoclave single-ended reactor of 2–3/16-in. ID and 8–1/4-in. inside depth, rated 3,000 psi at 1000 degree F. SPEJ P. 287

Effect of oil shale retorting temperature on shale oil yield and properties

Fuel ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Geol Na ◽  
Cheol Hyun Im ◽  
Soo Hyun Chung ◽  
Ki Bong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil

Effect of Demineralization on Shale Oil Yield by Bioleaching Process of Huadian (China) Oil Shale

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Xue Qing Zhang ◽  
Lan Ying Zhang ◽  
He Jun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Temperature Programmed

In this study, the effect of the mineral matter of Huadian (China) Oil Shale on the conversion of organic carbon of oil shale to shale oil. The bioleaching process is taken in a mixed culture of the lithotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans(Tf). The aim of bioleaching process was to dissolve the inorganic matters and improve the shale oil yield. A series of temperature-programmed pyrolysis operation was performed with raw and bioleached oil shale to find the best retorting temperature, 500oC is the best temperature to retort the oil shale. The oil shale samples were detected by SEM, DG, Fischer assay test, the results show that the surface structure was significantly different from the raw sample, and the shale oil yield improved from 8.9% to 11.7%.

Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Joselito Abierta Olalo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield.  Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively

Pyrolysis of Palm Pressed Fibre (PPF) towards Maximizing Bio-Oil Yield in a Fixed-Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
K. Azduwin ◽  
Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan ◽  
A.R. Mohamed ◽  
S.M. Hafis
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Palm Pressed Fibre ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing demand of fossils fuel for many purposes has cause for the limited sources which lead to the finding for new alternative energy based on biomass because of its sustainable properties. Palm-pressed fibre (PPF) is the biomass waste from palm oil processing which has use minimally for boiler to generate heat. The pyrolysis of PPF in a fixed-bed reactor has the potential as an alternative for its conversion into bio-oil, bio-char and gas. The characterization of PPF where involves elemental analysis, proximate analysis, calorific analysis and component analysis. The pyrolysis of the PPF was performed in the fixed-bed reactor at temperature between 300 - 700 °C and heating rate in the range of 10-70 °C/min with constant flow of nitrogen at 100 cm3/min and 30 minutes hold time.The highest bio-oil yield produced was 44.98% at optimum temperature 500°C and heating rate 30°C/min. By analysis the bio-oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it was found to contains alkenes, ketones, polymeric hydroxyl compound, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and water.

scholarly journals Fluidized-bed pyrolysis of oil shale: oil yield, composition, and kinetics

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Richardson ◽  
E B Huss ◽  
L L Ott ◽  
J E Clarkson ◽  
M O Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil
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