Pyrolytic Oil Yield from Waste Plastic in Quezon City, Philippines: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Joselito Abierta Olalo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil

Plastics play an essential role in packaging materials because of their durability to different environmental conditions. With its importance in the community lies the problem with waste disposal. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material, making it a big problem, especially when thrown in dumpsites. In solving the plastic problem, one efficient way to reduce its volume is through thermal processing such as pyrolysis. This study used the pyrolysis method to recover energy from plastic waste. Liquid oil from plastic was comparable to regular fuel used in powering engines. Before the pyrolysis process, a 3k factorial Box-Behnken Design was used in determining the number of experiments to be used. The output oil yield in each pyrolysis runs was optimized in different parameters, such as temperature, residence time, and particle size using response surface methodology to determine the optimum oil yield.  Between polyethylene (PE), mixed plastic, and polystyrene (PS), PS produced its highest oil yield of 90 %. In comparison, mixed plastic produced only its highest oil yield of 45 % in 500 ºC temperature, 120 min residence time, and 3 cm particle size. The produced quadratic mathematical models in PE, mixed, and PS plastic were significant in which the p-values were less than 0.05. Using mathematical models, the optimum oil yield for PE (467.68 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size), mixed (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2.75 cm particle size) and PS plastic (500 ºC, 120 min residence time, 2 cm particle size) were 75.39 %, 46.74 %, and 91.38 %, respectively

Optimization of Supercritical Co2 Extraction of Swietenia Mahagoni Seed by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Md Salleh ◽  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Mohd. Azizi Che Yunus ◽  
Azila Abd. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Three operating parameters were pressure, temperature and particle size of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from Swietenia mahagoni have been optimized by response surface methodology to obtain high yield of oil. Results showed that data were adequately fitted into the second-order polynomial model. The linear and quadratic terms of independent variables of temperature, pressure and particle size have significant effects on the oil yield. Optimum conditions for oil yield within the experimental range of the studied variables were 29.99 MPa, 55.29oC and 0.75 mm, and the oil yield was predicted to be 20.76%.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING METHYLPREDNISOLONE USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
GANESH N. SHARMA ◽  
C. H. PRAVEEN KUMAR ◽  
BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA ◽  
B. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Drug Release Mechanism ◽  
Predicted Values

Objective: The present research was designed to produce methylprednisolone containing chitosan-based nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization. Methods: Nanostructures were prepared using the ionic gelation method with screened process parameters. According to the design, methylprednisolone chitosan-based nanoparticles (MCSNPs) were optimized using factors like methylprednisolone concentration, stirring speed and temperature whereas particle size, zeta potential and % encapsulation efficiency as responses. From the observed values of responses with confirmation location and desirability, the predicted values were very close to the observed values. Results: Observed values for the optimized formulation have a particle size of 243±2.33 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 79.3±7.2%. Morphology of the particles using scanning electron microscopy reveals nearly spherical shaped particles. Methylprednisolone was released in vitro in a sustained manner for about 24 h in simulated colonic fluid pH 7, pH 7.8 (Fasted state) and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, when compared to simulated colonic fluid at pH 6 (Fed state). Optimized MCSNPs followed Korsmeyer peppas kinetics with drug release mechanism as anomalous transport. Conclusion: Application of Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology using Design Expert software was successfully used in the optimization of methylprednisolone loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING THE PROCESSING OF GINGER ESSENTIAL OIL YIELD (Zingiber collinsii) FROM PUMAT NATIONAL PARK OF VIETNAM USING THE RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5A) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Le Thi My Chau
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
National Park ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Final Optimization ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

In Vietnam, ginger (zingiber) belonging to ginger family (zingiberaceae) is a valuable spice plant. Extraction is the first step of great importance for the recovery and purification of essential oil from plant materials. In this paper, we studied on the factors that affect the process of total essential oil extraction from ginger roots originated from Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An province. The total essential oil yield extraction from ginger roots was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with experimental order of Box-Behnken design. The final optimization value for yield of ginger essential oil is at 570 ml water to 100 g sample at 290 minutes of steam distillation using 1.09 mm material thickness size. In this condition, the maximum total essential oil yield was predicted to be 1.23 %.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

Studies of kerf width and surface roughness using the response surface methodology in AA 4032–TiC composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110414
Author(s):  
TS Senthilkumar ◽  
R Muralikannan ◽  
T Ramkumar ◽  
S Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Kerf Width ◽  
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pulse On Time

A substantially developed machining process, namely wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), is used to machine complex shapes with high accuracy. This existent work investigates the optimization of the process parameters of wire electrical discharge machining, such as pulse on time ( Ton), peak current ( I), and gap voltage ( V), to analyze the output performance, such as kerf width and surface roughness, of AA 4032–TiC metal matrix composite using response surface methodology. The metal matrix composite was developed by handling the stir casting system. Response surface methodology is implemented through the Box–Behnken design to reduce experiments and design a mathematical model for the responses. The Box–Behnken design was conducted at a confident level of 99.5%, and a mathematical model was established for the responses, especially kerf width and surface roughness. Analysis of variance table was demarcated to check the cogency of the established model and determine the significant process. Surface roughness attains a maximum value at a high peak current value because high thermal energy was released, leading to poor surface finish. A validation test was directed between the predicted value and the actual value; however, the deviation is insignificant. Moreover, a confirmation test was handled for predicted and experimental values, and a minimal error was 2.3% and 2.12% for kerf width and surface roughness, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the crater, globules, microvoids, and microcracks were increased by amplifying the pulse on time.

Experimental Studies Using Response Surface Methodology for Condition Monitoring of Ball Bearings

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Patil ◽  
Jose Mathew ◽  
P. K. Rajendrakumar ◽  
Sumit Karade
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Outer Race

The presence of defect in the bearing (outer race, inner race, or ball) results in increased vibrations. Time domain indices such as rms, crest factor, and kurtosis are some of the important parameters used to monitor the condition of the bearing. Radial load and operating speed also have an important role in bearing vibrations. The interaction between the defect size, load, and speed helps to study their effect on vibrations more effectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of statistical and mathematical techniques to represent the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of a physical system. But so far, the literature related to its application in bearing damage identification is scarce. The proposed study uses RSM to study the influence of defect size, load, and speed on the bearing vibrations. Kurtosis is used as response factor. Experiments are planned using Box Behnken design procedure. Experiments are performed using 6305 ball bearings and the results have been presented. MINITAB statistical software is used for analysis. It is seen from the analysis of the experimental results that the defect size, interaction effect of defect size and load, and interaction effect of defect size and speed are significant. Response surface method using Box Behnken design and analysis of variance has proved to be a successful technique to assess the significant factors related to bearing vibrations.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF REFLUX EXTRACTION FOR CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN. WOOD BY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mohd Azahar Mohd Ariff ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Abd Jalil ◽  
Noor ‘Aina Abdul Razak ◽  
Jefri Jaapar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Repeated Runs

Caesalpinia sappan linn. (CSL) is a plant which is also known as Sepang tree contains various medicinal values such as to treat diarrhea, skin rashes, syphilis, jaundice, drinking water for blood purifying, diabetes, and to improve skin complexion. The aim of this study is to obtain the most optimum condition in terms of the ratio of sample to solvent, particle size, and extraction time to get the highest amount of concentration of the CSL extract. In this study, the ranges of each parameters used were: ratio sample to solvent: 1.0:20, 1.5:20, 2.0:20, 2.5:20, 3.0:20, particle size: 1 mm, 500 um, 250 um, 125 um, 63 um, and extraction time: 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr. The concentration was analyzed using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. From the design, 20 samples were run throughout this experiment. The optimized value from the RSM were 2.0:20 for ratio sample to solvent, 125 µm of particle size and 2.48 hours with the concentration of 37.1184 ppm. The accuracy of the predictive model was validated with 2 repeated runs and the mean percentage error was less than 3%. This confirmed the model’s capability for optimizing the conditions for the reflux extraction of CSL’s wood.

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