Biological Denitrification of Groundwater by a Composite Membrane Bioreactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2083-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Min Cao ◽  
Li Hui Zhang ◽  
Mei Sheng ◽  
Yong Di Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Microporous Membrane ◽  
Immobilized Cell ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
Biological Denitrification

A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for biological denitrification of groundwater. In CMBR the groundwater and external carbon source (ethanol solution) are separated by the composite membranes consisting of a microporous membrane facing the groundwater and a plate-like immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective frames into the plate-like immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as carbon source. The microporous membrane attached to one side of plate-like immobilized cell membrane was used to separate product water from a plate-like immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Using the CMBR for groundwater denitrification, the over dosed external carbon source can be reused, and its treatment performance was perfect during continuous operation up to 98 days, and almost all effluent NO3--N, NO2--N, and CODMn concentrations are below their maximum contaminant levels as the NO3--N loading was less than 4.968 g.m-2.d-1.

scholarly journals A New Class of P(VdF-HFP)-CeO2-LiClO4-Based Composite Microporous Membrane Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. N. Karthick ◽  
A. Subramania
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Microporous Membrane ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Electrolyte Uptake ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Polymer Dissolution

Composite microporous membranes based on Poly (vinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoro propylene) P(VdF-co-HFP)-CeO2were prepared by phase inversion and preferential polymer dissolution process. It was then immersed in 1M LiClO4-EC/DMC (v/v=1:1) electrolyte solution to obtain their corresponding composite microporous membrane electrolytes. For comparison, composite membrane electrolytes were also prepared by conventional phase inversion method. The surface morphology of composite membranes obtained by both methods was examined by FE-SEM analysis, and their thermal behaviour was investigated by DSC analysis. It was observed that the preferential polymer dissolution composite membrane electrolytes (PDCMEs) had better properties, such as higher porosity, electrolyte uptake (216 wt%), ionic conductivity (3.84 mS⋅cm−1) and good electrochemical stability (4.9 V), than the phase inversion composite membrane electrolytes (PICMEs). As a result, a cell fabricated with PDCME in between mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anode and LiCoO2cathode had better cycling performance than a cell fabricated with PICME.

scholarly journals Formation of Giant Lipid Vesicles in the Presence of Nonelectrolytes—Glucose, Sucrose, Sorbitol and Ethanol

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Ning Hu ◽  
Jincan Lei ◽  
Qiurong Qing ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Force ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Membrane Models

Lipid vesicles, especially giant lipid vesicles (GLVs), are usually adopted as cell membrane models and their preparation has been widely studied. However, the effects of some nonelectrolytes on GLV formation have not been specifically studied so far. In this paper, the effects of the nonelectrolytes, including sucrose, glucose, sorbitol and ethanol, and their coexistence with sodium chloride, on the lipid hydration and GLV formation were investigated. With the hydration method, it was found that the sucrose, glucose and sorbitol showed almost the same effect. Their presence in the medium enhanced the hydrodynamic force on the lipid membranes, promoting the GLV formation. GLV formation was also promoted by the presence of ethanol with ethanol volume fraction in the range of 0 to 20 percent, but higher ethanol content resulted in failure of GLV formation. However, the participation of sodium chloride in sugar solution and ethanol solution stabilized the lipid membranes, suppressing the GLV formation. In addition, the ethanol and the sodium chloride showed the completely opposite effects on lipid hydration. These results could provide some suggestions for the efficient preparation of GLVs.

Excess cell mass as an internal carbon source for biological denitrification

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant M. Biradar ◽  
S.B. Roy ◽  
S.F. D’Souza ◽  
A.B. Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Biological Denitrification

Synthesis and Properties of Molecularly Imprinted Composite Membranes of Roxithromycin

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Jin Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Ling Hu ◽  
Cui Cui Jiao ◽  
Ya Mei Zhao ◽  
Wei Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Separation Mechanism ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Filtration Membranes ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Imprinted Membrane

Molecularly imprinted composite membranes for selective binding and permeation of roxithromycin were prepared by means of thermal initiated co-polymerization method using polysulfone ultra-filtration membranes as porous supports. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to visualize surface and cross-sections of the membranes to gain more better understanding in the analysis of imprinted layers deposited on PSF support membranes and differential scanning calorimetric was used for determining the thermal stability of the membranes. Static equilibrium binding and recognition properties of the imprinted and non-imprinted membranes to roxithromycin and its analogues in ethanol solution system were tested. The results showed that saturated binding capacity of imprinted membrane to roxithromycin was about 2.24μmol/g, higher than those of its analogues, and the selectivity factors of αRM/EM, αRM/AM and αRM/EE were 1.75, 2.46 and 2.67, respectively. The transport performances of the membranes were evaluated through kinetic filtration experiments. The separation mechanism of the roxithromycin imprinted membrane could be defined as facilitated permeation mechanism.

Enhanced biological denitrification in the cyclic rotating bed reactor with catechol as carbon source

2015 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Moussavi ◽  
Seyed Javad Jafari ◽  
Kamyar Yaghmaeian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Biological Denitrification

Enhancing denitrification efficiency for nitrogen removal using waste sludge alkaline fermentation liquid as external carbon source

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 4633-4644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Shao ◽  
Liang Guo ◽  
Zonglian She ◽  
Mengchun Gao ◽  
Yangguo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
Fermentation Liquid

Nafion/PBI Nanofiber Composite Membranes for Fuel Cells Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzyy-Lung Leon Yu ◽  
Shih-Hao Liu ◽  
Hsiu-Li Lin ◽  
Po-Hao Su
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Nano Fiber

The PBI (poly(benzimidazole)) nano-fiber thin film with thickness of 18–30 μm is prepared by electro-spinning from a 20 wt% PBI/DMAc (N, N′-dimethyl acetamide) solution. The PBI nano-fiber thin film is then treated with a glutaraldehyde liquid for 24h at room temperature to proceed chemical crosslink reaction. The crosslink PBI nano-fiber thin film is then immersed in Nafion solutions to prepare Nafion/PBI nano-fiber composite membranes (thickness 22–34 μm). The morphology of the composite membranes is observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties, conductivity, and unit fuel cell performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the composite membrane are investigated and compared with those of Nafion-212 membrane (thickness ∼50 μm) and Nafion/porous PTFE (poly(tetrafluoro ethylene)) composite membrane (thickness ∼22 μm). We show the present composite membrane has a similar fuel cell performance to Nafion/PTFE and a better fuel cell performance than Du Pont Nafion-212.

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