DEM Study on Energy Allocation Behavior in Crushable Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 871 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
Run Qiu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Bands ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Particle Breakage ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Soil Fabric ◽  
Specimen Density ◽  
Interparticle Friction

Detailed knowledge of particle-scale energy allocation behavior under the influence of particle breakage is of fundamental importance to the development of micromechanics-based constitutive models of sands. This paper reports original results of the energy input/dissipation of an idealized crushable soil using 3D DEM simulations. Particle breakage is modeled as the disintegration of synthetic agglomerate particles which are made up of parallel-bonded elementary spheres. Simulation results show that the initial specimen density and crushability strongly affect the energy allocation of the soil both at small and large strains. The major role of particle breakage, which itself only dissipates a negligible amount of input energy, is found to advance the soil fabric change and promote the interparticle friction dissipation. Particularly, at small strains, particle breakage disrupts the strain energy buildup and thus reduces the mobilized shear strength and dilatancy of a granular soil. At large strains where particle breakage is greatly reduced, a steady energy dissipation by interparticle friction and mechanical damping is observed. Furthermore, it is found that shear bands develop in most dense crushable specimens at large strains, but they are only weakly correlated to the anisotropy of the accumulated friction dissipation.

Music Therapy with Adolescents in Medical Settings

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mondanaro ◽  
Joanne Loewy
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Music Therapist ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Music Psychotherapy ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
New Diagnosis

Adolescence is a time of change marking the transition from childhood to adulthood. When a teenager is ill and requiring hospitalization many of the constructs upon which individual identity rests such as contact with peers, and social belonging, can become compromised. Music therapy offers a way to address the personal and psychological stress that can result from hospitalization. In this chapter the authors highlight conditions in medicine that are common to teens. Music psychotherapy approaches are described that promote expression in individual and group modalities, and can also provide avenues for self-reflection related to the disease process, such as the receiving of a new diagnosis, or in cases where traumatic injury has occurred. The role of the music therapist in working with the medical team, the patient, and the patient’s family is presented with reference to the detailed knowledge and experience of the authors in providing music psychotherapy to adolescents.

scholarly journals The Role of the Hedgehog Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4774
Author(s):  
Giulia Anichini ◽  
Laura Carrassa ◽  
Barbara Stecca ◽  
Fabio Marra ◽  
Chiara Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Cholangiocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Hh Signaling

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poorly treatable type of cancer and, along with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the predominant type of primitive liver cancer in adults. The lack of understanding of CCA biology has slowed down the identification of novel targets and the development of effective treatments. While tumors share some general characteristics, detailed knowledge of specific features is essential for the development of effectively tailored therapeutic approaches. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling cascade regulates stemness biology, embryonal development, tissue homeostasis, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Its aberrant activation has been associated with a variety of solid and hematological human malignancies. Several HH-inhibiting compounds have been indeed developed as potential anticancer agents in different types of tumors, with Smoothened and GLI inhibitors showing the most promising results. Beside its well-established function in other tumors, findings regarding the HH signaling in CCA are still controversial. Here we will give an overview of the most important clinical and molecular features of cholangiocarcinoma, and we will discuss the available evidence of the crosstalk between the HH signaling pathway and the cholangiocarcinoma cell biology.

scholarly journals Structure of the human TIMP-3 gene and its cell cycle-regulated promoter

1995 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wick ◽  
R Härönen ◽  
D Mumberg ◽  
C Bürger ◽  
B R Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cycle Regulation

The gene encoding tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) is regulated during development, mitogenic stimulation and normal cell cycle progression. The TIMP-3 gene is structurally altered or deregulated in certain diseases of the eye and in tumour cells. A detailed knowledge of the TIMP-3 gene and its regulatory elements is therefore of paramount importance to understand its role in development, cell cycle progression and disease. In this study, we present the complete structure of the human TIMP-3 gene. We show that TIMP-3 is a TATA-less gene, which initiates transcription at one major site, is composed of five exons and four introns spanning a region of approximately 30 kb, and gives rise to three distinct mRNAs, presumably due to the usage of alternative polyadenylation signals. Using somatic cell hybrids the TIMP-3 locus was mapped to chromosomal location 22q13.1 We also show that the TIMP-3 5′ flanking region is sufficient to confer both high basal level expression in growing cells and cell cycle regulation in serum-stimulated cells. While the first 112 bases of the promoter, which harbour multiple Sp1 sites, were found to suffice for high basal level activity, the adjacent region spanning positions -463 and -112 was found to be a major determinant of serum inducibility. These results provide an important basis for further investigations addressing the role of TIMP-3 in physiological processes and pathological conditions.

The Role of the Emergency Pharmacist in Trauma Resuscitation

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Scarponcini ◽  
Christopher J. Edwards ◽  
Maria I. Rudis ◽  
Karalea D. Jasiak ◽  
Daniel P. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Rapid Sequence Induction ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Rapid Sequence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Sequence Induction

The clinical pharmacist in the emergency department is now commonly incorporated as a member of the emergency department trauma team. As such, the emergency pharmacist needs to have detailed knowledge of the pharmacotherapy of resuscitation and be able to apply the skills needed to function as a valuable member of this team. In addition to the traditional skills of the discipline of clinical pharmacy, the emergency pharmacist must be familiar with the intricacies of treating life-threatening injuries in an emergent setting and be able to anticipate the direction of the patient’s care. The ability to provide valuable pharmacological interventions throughout the resuscitation and stabilization process requires familiarity with the process of resuscitation, including rapid sequence induction, analgesia and sedation, seizure prophylaxis, appropriate antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis, intracranial pressure control, hemodynamic stabilization, and any other specific drug therapy that the clinical situation demands. This article discusses the aforementioned pharmacotherapeutic topics and describes the role of the Emergency Pharmacist on the ED trauma team.

scholarly journals Rewiring of auxin signaling under persistent shade

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (21) ◽  
pp. 5612-5617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Pucciariello ◽  
Martina Legris ◽  
Cecilia Costigliolo Rojas ◽  
María José Iglesias ◽  
Carlos Esteban Hernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
System Level ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Shade Avoidance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Elevated Expression

Light cues from neighboring vegetation rapidly initiate plant shade-avoidance responses. Despite our detailed knowledge of the early steps of this response, the molecular events under prolonged shade are largely unclear. Here we show that persistent neighbor cues reinforce growth responses in addition to promoting auxin-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis and soybean. However, while the elevation of auxin levels is well established as an early event, in Arabidopsis, the response to prolonged shade occurs when auxin levels have declined to the prestimulation values. Remarkably, the sustained low activity of phytochrome B under prolonged shade led to (i) decreased levels of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in the cotyledons (the organs that supply auxin) along with increased levels in the vascular tissues of the stem, (ii) elevated expression of the PIF4 targets INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 19 (IAA19) and IAA29, which in turn reduced the expression of the growth-repressive IAA17 regulator, (iii) reduced abundance of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6, (iv) reduced expression of MIR393 and increased abundance of its targets, the auxin receptors, and (v) elevated auxin signaling as indicated by molecular markers. Mathematical and genetic analyses support the physiological role of this system-level rearrangement. We propose that prolonged shade rewires the connectivity between light and auxin signaling to sustain shade avoidance without enhanced auxin levels.

New  podiform chromitites Occurrence from the Masirah Ophiolite, Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobhi Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Mineral Inclusions ◽  
Silicate Inclusions ◽  
Mid Ocean Ridge ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Podiform Chromitites ◽  
Ocean Ridge ◽  
Mantle Section

<p>The Masirah ophiolite is one of the few true ocean ridge ophiolites that have been preserved (Rollinson, 2017) and lacks any indication that it formed in a subduction environment. The Masirah ophiolite in south-eastern Oman is a different and older ophiolite from the more famous northern Oman ophiolite. Chromite and copper ores comprise large deposits in the Samail ophiolite, northern Oman. In comparison, chromite and copper deposits have not been described in previous reports or previous exploration in Masirah ophiolite. Rollinson (2017) has proposed that the apparent absence of chromitites in the mantle section of Masirah ophiolite is an important discriminant between subduction related and ocean ridge ophiolites.  However, during recent studies on the Batain ophiolite mélange, and Masirah ophiolite, several chromitite pods have been discovered. The chromitites occur as separated small concordant, lenticular pods (3–10 m in thickness), which have been extensively altered and deformed, with the host pyroxenite serpentinites serpentinized harzburgites and dunites. The largest chromitite pods found within the pyroxenite and dunite of Masirah are up to 10 m across.  Unusual minerals and mineral inclusions (orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, serpentine, native Fe, FeO, alloy, sulfide, calcite, laurite, celestine and halite) within chromite have been observed in the chromitites from the  Masirah ophiolites.  The existence of hydrous silicate inclusions in the chromite calls for a role of hydration during chromite genesis. Both  phlogopite and hornblende were possibly formed from alkali-rich hydrous fluids/melts trapped within the chromite during the chromitite formation. High-T green hornblende and phlogopite included in the chromites is evidence of the introduction of water in the magma at the end of the chromite crystallization. Such paragenesis points to the presence of hydrous fluids during the activity of the shear bands. The chromitites parental magmas are rich in K, Na, LREE, B, Cs, Pb, Sr, Li, Rb and U relative to HREE, reflecting the alkalic fluids/melts that prevailed during the chromitites genesis.</p><p>The mineral inclusions  in association with host peridotites may have been brought by the uprising asthenosphere at mid-oceanic ridges due to the mantle convection. It appears that this chromite has been formed through reaction between amid-ocean-ridge basalt-melt with depleted harzburgite in the uppermost mantle.  The chromitite deposits have similar cr# (55-62% Al-chromitites), mg# Al2O3 and TiO2 contents to spinels found in MORB, and have been interpreted as having formed in amid-ocean ridge setting.  This suggests that this chromitites is residual from lower degree, partial melting of peridotite, which produced low-Cr# chromitites at the Moho transition zone, possibly in a mid-ocean-ridge setting. The chemistry of both mineral inclusions and chromite   suggests MORB-related tectonic setting for the chromitites that were crystallized at 1000 °C–1300 °C under pressures <3 GPa . The host peridotites were generated during the proto-Indian Ocean MORB extension and emplaced as a result of the obduction of the ophiolite over the Oman Continental margin during Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene.</p><p>Rollinson, H., 2017. Geoscience Frontiers, 8: 1253–1262.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cardiac Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Left Atrial Anatomy, Size, and Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kuchynka ◽  
Jana Podzimkova ◽  
Martin Masek ◽  
Lukas Lambert ◽  
Vladimir Cerny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
And Function

In the last decade, there has been increasing evidence that comprehensive evaluation of the left atrium is of utmost importance. Numerous studies have clearly demonstrated the prognostic value of left atrial volume for long-term outcome. Furthermore, advances in catheter ablation procedures used for the treatment of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation require the need for detailed knowledge of left atrial and pulmonary venous morphology as well of atrial wall characteristics. This review article discusses the role of cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography in assessment of left atrial size, its normal and abnormal morphology, and function. Special interest is paid to the utility of these rapidly involving noninvasive imaging methods before and after atrial fibrillation ablation.

scholarly journals Influence of Rare Earth Addition on Texture Development during Static Recrystallization and Mechanical Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy Sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Sang Bong Yi ◽  
Lilian Rayas ◽  
Stefanie Sandlöbes ◽  
Stefan Zaefferer ◽  
Dietmar Letzig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Rare Earth Addition ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Sheet Formability ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Basal Type

The role of rare earth addition on the microstructure and texture during recrystallization of cold rolled sheets is investigated by a comparative study of pure Mg, Mg-3Y and Mg1.5Nd sheets. In pure Mg, nucleation occurs mainly at shear bands which results in a texture weakening. The basal-type texture re-strengthens rapidly during grain growth of the pure Mg sheet. In contrast, in the Mg-RE alloys the weaker texture formed during early recrystallization strage is retained during further annealing due to retarded grain growth. Uni-axial tensile and Erichsen tests show that ductility and sheet formability are significantly improved by addition of rare earth elements.

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