Durability Evaluation of Wood Based Board Materials against Brown-Rot Fungi Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Jan Vanerek ◽  
Dagmar Palovcikova ◽  
Ester Helanová
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Wood Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the experiment was to determine the durability of wood based board materials against wood-rot fungi (Serpula lacrymans) effect. The particle boards, oriented strands boards and plywood as the testing materials were chosen. The spruce solid wood as the reference testing material was selected due to the fact that is most common timber species in the Central European region. The testing samples were exposed to wood-rot fungi and in the individual time periods the weight loss (declaring the deterioration process) and mechanical properties (static bending strength and tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the board) was investigated. It was found that the deterioration of board materials in a very small weight decreases (up to 1.0%) leads to a significant decrease of their strength properties.

Changes in Swelling and Water Absorption of Wood Degraded by Brown Rot Fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 818-822
Author(s):  
Jiří Frankl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

This paper presents results of experimental laboratory establishment of changes in physical properties (swelling, water absorption) of timber (spruce, pine, oak) caused by wood-destroying fungi (Serpula lacrymans, Stereum hirsutum). The experiment was carried out using standard test samples (20x20x30 mm) prepared from new timber and subsequently exposed to the wood-destroying fungi under optimal growth conditions for the period of 10 to 30 days. Changes in physical properties were observed in the damaged samples in compliance with CSN 490126 (equivalent to ISO 4859-1982, equivalent to ISO 4860-1982) and CSN 490104 Czech National Standards. The experiment proved changes in the observed properties depending on the wood and fungi species and the duration of the exposure.

scholarly journals Shear Strength Properties of Embedded Wood Attacked by Brown Rot Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 485-489
Author(s):  
T. Mori ◽  
Y. Yanase ◽  
H. Kurisaki
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

scholarly journals Distribution, Characteristics, and Regulatory Potential of Long Noncoding RNAs in Brown-Rot Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Borgognone ◽  
Walter Sanseverino ◽  
Riccardo Aiese Cigliano ◽  
Raúl Castanera
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Upstream Gene ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Genomic Regions

Long noncoding RNAs have been thoroughly studied in plants, animals, and yeasts, where they play important roles as regulators of transcription. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about their presence and characteristics in filamentous fungi, especially in basidiomycetes. In the present study, we have carried out an exhaustive annotation and characterization of lncRNAs in two lignin degrader basidiomycetes, Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans. We identified 2,712 putative lncRNAs in the former and 2,242 in the latter, mainly originating from intergenic locations of transposon-sparse genomic regions. The lncRNA length, GC content, expression levels, and stability of the secondary structure differ from coding transcripts but are similar in these two species and resemble that of other eukaryotes. Nevertheless, they lack sequence conservation. Also, we found that lncRNAs are transcriptionally regulated in the same proportion as genes when the fungus actively decomposes soil organic matter. Finally, up to 7% of the upstream gene regions of Coniophora puteana and Serpula lacrymans are transcribed and produce lncRNAs. The study of expression trends in these gene-lncRNA pairs uncovered groups with similar and opposite transcriptional profiles which may be the result of cis-transcriptional regulation.

scholarly journals Brown Rot-Type Fungal Decomposition of Sorghum Bagasse: Variable Success and Mechanistic Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald N. Presley ◽  
Bongani K. Ndimba ◽  
Jonathan S. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

Sweet sorghum is a promising crop for a warming, drying African climate, and basic information is lacking on conversion pathways for its lignocellulosic residues (bagasse). Brown rot wood-decomposer fungi use carbohydrate-selective pathways that, when assessed on sorghum, a grass substrate, can yield information relevant to both plant biomass conversion and fungal biology. In testing sorghum decomposition by brown rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum,Serpula lacrymans), we found thatG. trabeumreadily degraded sorghum, removing xylan prior to removing glucan.Serpula lacrymans, conversely, caused little decomposition. Ergosterol (fungal biomarker) and protein levels were similar for both fungi, butS. lacrymansproduced nearly 4x lower polysaccharide-degrading enzyme specific activity on sorghum thanG. trabeum, perhaps a symptom of starvation. Linking this information to genome comparisons including other brown rot fungi known to have a similar issue regarding decomposing grasses(Postia placenta, Fomitopsis pinicola)suggested that a lack of CE 1 feruloyl esterases as well as low xylanase activity inS. lacrymans(3x lower than inG. trabeum) may hinderS. lacrymans,P. placenta,andF. pinicolawhen degrading grass substrates. These results indicate variability in brown rot mechanisms, which may stem from a differing ability to degrade certain lignin-carbohydrate complexes.

scholarly journals Evidence from Serpula lacrymans that 2,5-Dimethoxyhydroquinone Is a Lignocellulolytic Agent of Divergent Brown Rot Basidiomycetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2377-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premsagar Korripally ◽  
Vitaliy I. Timokhin ◽  
Carl J. Houtman ◽  
Michael D. Mozuch ◽  
Kenneth E. Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Fenton Chemistry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

ABSTRACTBasidiomycetes that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers in coniferous forest ecosystems and a major cause of failure in wooden structures. Recent work indicates that distinct lineages of brown rot fungi have arisen independently from ligninolytic white rot ancestors via loss of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Brown rot thus proceeds without significant lignin removal, apparently beginning instead with oxidative attack on wood polymers by Fenton reagent produced when fungal hydroquinones or catechols reduce Fe3+in colonized wood. Since there is little evidence that white rot fungi produce these metabolites, one question is the extent to which independent lineages of brown rot fungi may have evolved different Fe3+reductants. Recently, the catechol variegatic acid was proposed to drive Fenton chemistry inSerpula lacrymans, a brown rot member of the Boletales (D. C. Eastwood et al., Science 333:762-765, 2011). We found no variegatic acid in wood undergoing decay byS. lacrymans. We found also that variegatic acid failed to reducein vitrothe Fe3+oxalate chelates that predominate in brown-rotting wood and that it did not drive Fenton chemistryin vitrounder physiological conditions. Instead, the decaying wood contained physiologically significant levels of 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone, a reductant with a demonstrated biodegradative role when wood is attacked by certain brown rot fungi in two other divergent lineages, the Gloeophyllales and Polyporales. Our results suggest that the pathway for 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone biosynthesis may have been present in ancestral white rot basidiomycetes but do not rule out the possibility that it appeared multiple times via convergent evolution.

scholarly journals The Usefulness of Pine Timber (Pinus sylvestris L.) for the Production of Structural Elements. Part II: Strength Properties of Glued Laminated Timber

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4029
Author(s):  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Dorota Dziurka ◽  
Monika Chuda-Kowalska ◽  
Jakub Kawalerczyk ◽  
Marcin Kuliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Horizontal Arrangement

The paper assessed the feasibility of manufacturing glued structural elements made of pine wood after grading it mechanically in a horizontal arrangement. It was assumed that the pine wood was not free of defects and that the outer lamellas would also be visually inspected. This would result in only rejecting items with large, rotten knots. Beams of the assumed grades GL32c, GL28c and GL24c were made of the examined pine wood. Our study indicated that the expected modulus of elasticity in bending was largely maintained by the designed beam models but that their strength was connected with the quality of the respective lamellas, rather than with their modulus of elasticity. On average, the bending strength of the beams was 44.6 MPa. The cause of their destruction was the individual technical quality of a given item of timber, which was loosely related to its modulus of elasticity, assessed in a bending test. Although the modulus of elasticity of the manufactured beam types differed quite significantly (11.45–14.08 kN/mm2), the bending strength for all types was similar. Significant differences occurred only during a more detailed analysis because lower classes were characterized by a greater variation of the bending strength. In this case, beams with a strength of 24 MPa to 50 MPa appeared.

scholarly journals Biological Resistance and Application Properties of Particleboards Containing Nano-Zinc Oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nano Zinc

Special particleboards (PBs) proposed for kitchens, bathrooms, hospitals, and some other specific products for interiors should have a sufficient resistance against bacteria, molds, and decaying fungi. This work deals about effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) added into melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) glue in the amounts of 0, 2, 6, 12, or 24% wt. on selected biological, moisture, and strength properties of laboratory-produced one-layer PBs. The nano-ZnO-treated PBs had a higher biological resistance: (1) against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus by up to ca. 70% and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli by up to 50%, since their bacterial activities at using 1.0 McFarland bacterial inoculum decreased from 0.38–0.40 by up to 0.12–0.19  ×  108 CFU/ml; (2) against the molds Penicillium brevicompactum and Aspergillus niger by up to ca. 50–63%, since their growth intensities (0–4) on the top surfaces of treated PBs decreased according to a modified EN 15457 from 2.33–2.67 by up to 1.17–1.0; (3) against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana by up to 85.7%, since their weight losses reduced according to a modified ENV 12038 from 17.4% by up to 2.5%. The presence of nano-ZnO in PBs uninfluenced their swelling, water absorption, and bending strength; however, it decreased their internal bond strength by up to 38.8%.

The effect of CaCl2 on growth rate, wood decay and oxalic acid accumulation in Serpula lacrymans and related brown-rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup ◽  
Bo Jensen ◽  
Carol Clausen ◽  
Frederick Green III
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Block Test

AbstractThe dry rot fungus,Serpula lacrymans, is one of the most destructive copper-tolerant fungi causing timber decay in buildings in temperate regions. Calcium and oxalic acid have been shown to play important roles in the mechanism of wood decay. The effect of calcium on growth and decay was evaluated for 12 strains ofS. lacrymansand compared to five brown-rot fungi. This was done by treating copper citrate (CC)-treated Southern yellow pine (SYP) wood with a CaCl2solution and estimating the decay rate and amount of soluble oxalic acid in an ASTM soil block test. Decay byS. lacrymanswas found to be significantly inhibited by treatment with CaCl2in the presence of copper. In addition, calcium showed no effect on two strains ofS. lacrymansand oneSerpula himantioidesstrain in non-copper-treated SYP wood blocks. The growth rate ofS. lacrymanswas not affected on malt extract agar containing CaCl2. In summary, a marked decrease was observed in the decay capacity ofS. lacrymansin pine treated with CC+CaCl2. The amount of soluble oxalic acid was measured in CC-treated blocks and blocks also treated with CaCl2. Of the comparative brown-rot fungi, bothAntrodia vaillantii(TFFH 294) andPostia placenta(Mad 698) displayed notable wood decay despite CaCl2treatment, while the remaining strains were inhibited.

Detection of iron-chelating and iron-reducing compounds in four brown rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup ◽  
Trine Østergaard Jensen ◽  
Bo Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Chelating Compounds ◽  
Reducing Capacity

Abstract The presence of iron-chelating and iron-reducing compounds has been evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in the four brown rot fungi Meruliporia incrassata (M. incrassata), Gloeophyllum trabeum (G. trabeum), Coniophora puteana (C. puteana) and Serpula lacrymans (S. lacrymans). Samples of actively growing mycelium from liquid growth media, decayed wood, and agar plate cultures were in focus. Iron-chelating compounds were found in all four species, with the highest reactivity in G. trabeum and S. lacrymans, and the lowest in M. incrassata. Iron-reducing activity, measured in the liquid medium, was found in all four fungi. However, in wood extractions, S. lacrymans was not effective in this regard, although the agar grown mycelium of this fungus showed the highest iron-reducing capacity of the four. The presence of both catecholate and hydroxamate chelators was detected in all four species. G. trabeum showed the highest concentration overall of extracellular chelators, including both catecholate and hydroxamate derivatives.

scholarly journals Density, hardness and strength properties of densified fir and aspen woods pretreated with water repellents

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Pelit ◽  
Fatih Emiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Water Repellents ◽  
Impregnated Wood ◽  
Compression Temperature

AbstractIn this study, the effect of thermo-mechanical densification on the density, hardness, compression strength, bending strength (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of fir and aspen wood pretreated with water repellents was analyzed. Wood specimens were impregnated with paraffin, linseed oil and styrene after pre-vacuum treatment. Then, the impregnated wood specimens were densified with compression ratios of 20 and 40%, and at 120, 150 and 180 °C. The results indicated that the density, hardness and strength properties of the all densified specimens (untreated and impregnated) increased depending on the compression ratio and temperature. For all tested properties, higher increases were obtained in the paraffin and styrene pretreated specimens compared to untreated samples. However, the increase rates in linseed oil pretreated specimens were generally lower than untreated specimens. Regarding water repellents the most successful results in all tested properties were determined in styrene pretreated specimens. The density, hardness and strength properties of all specimens increased with the increase in compression ratio. On the other hand, the increase in the compression temperature negatively affects the properties of untreated and linseed oil pretreated specimens, while having a generally positive effect on the properties of paraffin pretreated specimens. However, all tested properties of styrene pretreated specimens have increased significantly due to the increase in compression temperature. The increasing strength properties of wood as a result of densification have increased much more with paraffin and especially styrene pretreatment. These combinations can be considered as an important potential for applications that require more hardness and strength.

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