Research of the Analysis Method on the Three Basics of the Wind Turbine Fatigue Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fa Ming Wu ◽  
Dian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
It Use ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Loads Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
Wind Resources

The research has identified turbulence intensity, annual wind speed and air density as the three basics of fatigue loads, in this paper, we call it three basics for short. This paper presents a method to analyze the three basics of the wind turbine fatigue loads. It explains the fatigue loads analysis idea and method of the three basics and it use the analysis method to research the extent of the influence by using a 1650kW wind turbine as an example. It can be seen from the results that the wind resources increase one classification, the influence of the turbulence intensity is the greatest, then the annual wind speed, finally the air density.

Research the Influencing Factors of the Low Wind Speed Wind Turbine Fatigue Loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Fa Ming Wu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Dian Wang ◽  
Jia Bao Jing
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Fatigue Loads

This paper analyzes three main factors (turbulence intensity, air density, annual average wind speed ) that influence the low wind speed wind turbine fatigue loads, In order to analyze the influence of each main parameters how to affect the fatigue load of low wind speed wind turbine, using a 2000kW wind turbine as an example on the simulation test , 3 turbulence, 4 air density and 7 annual average wind speed were employed. The results show that, with the air density, turbulence intensity and the annual average wind speed increases, the wind turbine of fatigue load increase in rule approximately. Based on the above rule, it can reduce fatigue loads and prolong the life of wind turbine in design optimization of low wind speed wind turbine and sit choice.

Analysis on Influence of Effective Turbulence Intensity on Blade Root Fatigue Load of WTGS

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Feng Gai ◽  
An Min Cai ◽  
Da Tong Zhang ◽  
Li Xiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Blade Root ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Damage Theory ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
Cumulative Fatigue Damage

Based on the Palmgren-Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage theory, the blade root fatigue loads in different effective turbulence intensities were calculated and analysed. The results show that when the air density and the wind speed are constant, the blade root fatigue loads increase linearly with the effective turbulence intensity increasing, and the slopes increase linearly with the wind speed increasing. According to these results, the main source of the blade root fatigue loads under different wind conditions can be estimated to provide a theoretical basis for WTGS type selection in the special sites.

scholarly journals More accurate aeroelastic wind-turbine load simulations using detailed inflow information

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-323
Author(s):  
Mads Mølgaard Pedersen ◽  
Torben Juul Larsen ◽  
Helge Aagaard Madsen ◽  
Gunner Christian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Inflow Turbulence ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
Aeroelastic Simulations

Abstract. In this paper, inflow information is extracted from a measurement database and used for aeroelastic simulations to investigate if using more accurate inflow descriptions improves the accuracy of the simulated wind-turbine fatigue loads. The inflow information is extracted from nearby meteorological masts (met masts) and a blade-mounted five-hole pitot tube. The met masts provide measurements of the inflow at fixed positions some distance away from the turbine, whereas the pitot tube measures the inflow while rotating with the rotor. The met mast measures the free-inflow velocity; however the measured turbulence may evolve on its way to the turbine, pass beside the turbine or the mast may be in the wake of the turbine. The inflow measured by the pitot tube, in comparison, is very representative of the wind that acts on the turbine, as it is measured close to the blades and also includes variations within the rotor plane. Nevertheless, this inflow is affected by the presence of the turbine; therefore, an aerodynamic model is used to estimate the free-inflow velocities that would have occurred at the same time and position without the presence of the turbine. The inflow information used for the simulations includes the mean wind speed field and trend, the turbulence intensity, the wind-speed shear profile, atmospheric stability-dependent turbulence parameters, and the azimuthal variations within the rotor plane. In addition, instantaneously measured wind speeds are used to constrain the turbulence. It is concluded that the period-specific turbulence intensity must be used in the aeroelastic simulations to make the range of the simulated fatigue loads representative for the range of the measured fatigue loads. Furthermore, it is found that the one-to-one correspondence between the measured and simulated fatigue loads is improved considerably by using inflow characteristics extracted from the pitot tube instead of using the met-mast-based sensors as input for the simulations. Finally, the use of pitot-tube-recorded wind speeds to constrain the inflow turbulence is found to significantly decrease the variation of the simulated loads due to different turbulence realizations (seeds), whereby the need for multiple simulations is reduced.

The Study of Wake and Array of Double Wind Turbine

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1707-1711
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Wei Wei Xia ◽  
Jin Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Wake Effect ◽  
Wake Field ◽  
Aerodynamic Interaction ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Wind Resources

For the effective use of wind resources, and in order to decrease the wake effect on the performance of wind turbine, a numerical simulation has carried out to the aerodynamic interaction between two rotors coaxial arrangement. At last the numerical simulation results are verified by experiment. The results show that downstream turbine makes the upstream diverging wake to be converged when coaxial arrangement, and the output of downstream turbine is affected by upstream wake when the distance is less than 5D.The wake field become more diffused after pass the downstream turbine, the area of diverging wake become larger than the wake of upstream turbine mainly due to the increase of turbulence intensity. The greater fatigue load will impact on the downstream turbine. At last the simulation results are in well agreement with the experimental results.

scholarly journals An investigation of the impact of wind speed and turbulence on small wind turbine operation and fatigue loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup KC ◽  
Jonathan Whale ◽  
Samuel P. Evans ◽  
Philip D. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Wake and Turbulence Analysis for Wind Turbine Layouts in an Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Bachhal Amrender Singh ◽  
Vogstad Klaus ◽  
Lal Kolhe Mohan ◽  
Chougule Abhijit ◽  
Beyer Hans George
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Full Length Paper ◽  
Turbulence Analysis ◽  
Wake Model ◽  
Wind Resources

There is a big wind energy potential in supplying the power in an island and most of the islands are off-grid. Due to the limited area in island(s), there is need to find appropriate layout / location for wind turbines suited to the local wind conditions. In this paper, we have considered the wind resources data of an island in Trøndelag region of the Northern Norway, situated on the coastal line. The wind resources data of this island have been analysed for wake losses and turbulence on wind turbines for determining appropriate locations of wind turbines in this island. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. In this work, semi empirical wake model has been used for wake losses analysis with wind speed and turbine spacings. The Jensen wake model used for the wake loss analysis due to its high degree of accuracy and the Frandsen model for characterizing the turbulent loading. The variations of the losses in the wind energy production of the down-wind turbine relative to the up-wind turbine and, the down-stream turbulence have been analysed for various turbine distances. The special emphasis has been taken for the case of wind turbine spacing, leading to the turbulence conditions for satisfying the IEC 61400-1 conditions to find the wind turbine layout in this island. The energy production of down-wind turbines has been decreased from 2 to 20% due to the lower wind speeds as they are located behind up-wind turbine, resulting in decreasing the overall energy production of the wind farm. Also, the higher wake losses have contributed to the effective turbulence, which has reduced the overall energy production from the wind farm. In this case study, the required distance for wind turbines have been changed to 6 rotor diameters for increasing the energy gain. From the results, it has been estimated that the marginal change in wake losses by moving the down-stream wind turbine by one rotor diameter distance has been in the range of 0.5 to 1% only and it is insignificant. In the full-length paper, the wake effects with wind speed variations and the wind turbine locations will be reported for reducing the wake losses on the down-stream wind turbine. The Frandsen model has been used for analysing turbulence loading on the down-stream wind turbine as per IEC 61400-1 criteria. In larger wind farms, the high turbulence from the up-stream wind turbines increases the fatigues on the turbines of the wind farm. In this work, we have used the effective turbulence criteria at a certain distance between up-stream and down-stream turbines for minimizing the fatigue load level. The sensitivity analysis on wake and turbulence analysis will be reported in the full-length paper. Results from this work will be useful for finding wind farm layouts in an island for utilizing effectively the wind energy resources and electrification using wind power plants.

A case study of climate variability effects on wind resources in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Herbst ◽  
Jörg Lalk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Wind Resources ◽  
Wind Speed Increase

The wind energy sector is one of the most prominent sectors of the renewable energy industry. However, its dependence on meteorological factors subjects it to climate change. Studies analysing the impact of climate change on wind resources usually only model changes in wind speed. Two elements that have to be calculated in addition to wind speed changes are Annual Energy Production (AEP) and Power Density (PD). This is not only because of the inherent variability between wind speed and wind power generated, but also because of the relative magnitudes of change in energy potentially generated at different areas under varied wind climates. In this study, it was assumed that two separate locations would experience a 10% wind speed increase after McInnes et al. (2010). Given the two locations’ different wind speed distributions, a wind speed increase equal in magnitude is not equivalent to similar magnitudes of change in potential energy production in these areas. This paper demonstrates this fact for each of the case studies. It is of general interest to the energy field and is of value since very little literature exists in the Southern African context on climate change- or variability-effects on the (wind) energy sector. Energy output is therefore dependent not only on wind speed, but also wind turbine characteristics. The importance of including wind power curves and wind turbine generator capacity in wind resource analysis is emphasised.

The Influence of Global Warming on the Optimal Lectotype of Wind Turbine

2012 ◽  
Vol 522 ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Tian Gao ◽  
Wen Jun Qi ◽  
Ming Lu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Original Distribution ◽  
Original Field ◽  
Starting Speed ◽  
Wind Resources

The variation of wind speed influenced by global warming is elaborated in this paper, the fitted curve of temperature and wind speed showed that the wind speed dropped with the increasing of temperature. Due to the climate changes, the distribution of wind speed of the original field was changed, and the utilization rate of raw wind energy was affected. The results show that: the original distribution of wind speed would been radically changed resulted from the global warming and the wind farm is no longer rich in wind resources, the best optimal lectotype of wind turbine is changing with wind speed changing. With the development of the technology, it is clear that the wind turbine with the lower starting speed and high power has more advantages.

scholarly journals Wind Turbine Power Calculations Using MATLAB-SIMULINK

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
H. L. Suresh ◽  
C. V. Mohan ◽  
Nitin Kumar Reddy K N
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Financial Viability ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Swept Area

In this paper modeling and simulation has been studied by means of impact of energy generated by using wind turbine. The strength conversion primarily depends on the wind velocity and swept area. When design wind structures it’s very important to recognize predicted electricity and electricity output for calculating financial viability. Wind turbine performance depends on wind speed, air density, air pressure, temperature and length of blade. The modeling and simulation method is used to analyze the overall performance of wind turbine.

scholarly journals More accurate aeroelastic wind-turbine load simulations using detailed inflow information

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Mølgaard Pedersen ◽  
Torben Juul Larsen ◽  
Helge Aagaard Madsen ◽  
Gunner Christian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Aerodynamic Model ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Fatigue Loads ◽  
Aeroelastic Simulations ◽  
The One ◽  
Measured Wind Speed

Abstract. In this paper, inflow information is extracted from a measurement database and used for aeroelastic simulations to investigate if using more accurate inflow descriptions improves the accuracy of the simulated fatigue loads. The inflow information is extracted from the nearby met masts and a blade-mounted five-hole pitot tube. The met masts provide measurements of the inflow at fixed positions some distance away, whereas the pitot tube measures the inflow while rotating with the rotor. The met mast measures the free-inflow velocity, but the measured turbulence may evolve on its way to the turbine, pass besides the turbine, or the mast may be in the wake of the turbine. The inflow measured by the pitot tube, on the other hand, is very representative of the wind that acts on the turbine as it is measured close to the blades and includes variations within the rotor plane. This inflow is, however, affected by the presence of the turbine, and therefore an aerodynamic model is used to estimate the free-inflow velocities that would have been at the same time and position without the presence of the turbine. The inflow information used for the simulations includes the mean wind speed and trend, the turbulence intensity, wind shear profile, atmospheric stability dependent turbulence parameters, and azimuthal variations within the rotor plane. In addition, the instantly measured wind speed is used to constrain the turbulence. It is concluded that the period-specific turbulence intensity must be included in the aeroelastic simulations to make the range of the simulated fatigue loads representative for the range of the measured fatigue loads. Furthermore, it is found that the one-to-one correspondence between the measured and simulated fatigue loads is improved considerably by using inflow characteristics extracted from the pitot tube instead of the met-mast-based sensors as input for the simulations. Finally, the use of pitot-tube wind speed to constrain the turbulence is found to decrease the variation of the simulated loads due to different turbulence realisations (seeds), such that the need for multiple simulations is reduced.

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