An Application of Molecular Tools in Plant Genetic Diversity Conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 830-833
Author(s):  
Zhou Xuan ◽  
Zheng Hong Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Hong Dao Zhang ◽  
Ji Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Forestry Production

The conservation and use of plant genetic diversity are essential to the continued maintenance and improvement of agricultural and forestry production and thus, to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The dramatic advances in molecular genetics over the last decade years have provided workers involved in the conservation of plant genetic diversity with a range of new techniques. Molecular tools, such as molecular markers and other genomic applications, have been highly successful in characterizing existing genetic variation within species, which generates new genetic diversity that often extends beyond species boundaries. The objectives of this article are to review the molecular basis on plant genetic diversity conservation and summarize the continuously rising and application of molecular tool. Then, we look forward and consider the significant of application of molecular tools in plant genetic diversity conservation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Variation of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum) Cultivars Using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Saidi ◽  
Zahra Daneshvar ◽  
Zohreh Hajibarat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism

To evaluate the genetic diversity among 10 cultivars of anthurium were performed using three molecular markers such as Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP), and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Polymorphism index content (PIC) was calculated 0.39, 0.42 and 0.37 for RAPD, SCoT and CDDP, respectively. This result showed all the three molecular markers had almost an identical potential in estimating genetic diversity. Cluster analysis using SCoT, CDDP and RAPD divided the cultivars to three distinct clusters. The similarity matrix obtained through SCoT and CDDP was positively significantly correlated (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). This is the first report in which the efficiency of two targeted DNA region molecular markers (SCoT and CDDP) together with RAPD technique have been compared with each other in a set of anthurium cultivras. Results suggested that SCOT, CDDP and RAPD fingerprinting techniques are of sufficient ability to detect polymorphism in anthurium cultivars. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(2): 171-182, 2018 (December)

Schistosome genetic diversity: the implications of population structure as detected with microsatellite markers

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. S51-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CURTIS ◽  
R. E. SORENSEN ◽  
D. J. MINCHELLA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Blood Flukes

Blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma are important human parasites in tropical regions. A substantial amount of genetic diversity has been described in populations of these parasites using molecular markers. We first consider the extent of genetic variation found in Schistosoma mansoni and some factors that may be contributing to this variation. Recently, though, attempts have been made to analyze not only the genetic diversity but how that diversity is partitioned within natural populations of schistosomes. Studies with non-allelic molecular markers (e.g. RAPDs and mtVNTRs) have indicated that schistosome populations exhibit varying levels of gene flow among component subpopulations. The recent characterization of microsatellite markers for S. mansoni provided an opportunity to study schistosome population structure within a population of schistosomes from a single Brazilian village using allelic markers. Whereas the detection of population structure depends strongly on the type of analysis with a mitochondrial marker, analyses with a set of seven microsatellite loci consistently revealed moderate genetic differentiation when village boroughs were used to define parasite subpopulations and greater subdivision when human hosts defined subpopulations. Finally, we discuss the implications that such strong population structure might have on schistosome epidemiology.

Assessing genetic variation for heat stress tolerance in Indian bread wheat genotypes using morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sharma ◽  
S. Sareen ◽  
M. Saini ◽  
Shefali
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

AbstractHeat stress greatly limits the productivity of wheat in many regions. Knowledge on the degree of genetic diversity of wheat varieties along with their selective traits will facilitate the development of high yielding, stress-tolerant wheat cultivar. The objective of this study were to determine genetic variation in morpho-physiological traits associated with heat tolerance in 30 diverse wheat genotypes and to examine genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes varying heat tolerance using molecular markers. Phenotypic data of 15 traits were evaluated for heat tolerance under non-stress and stress conditions for two consecutive years. A positive and significant correlation among cell membrane stability, canopy temperature depression, biomass, susceptibility index and grain yield was shown. Genetic diversity assessed by 41 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was compared with diversity evaluated for 15 phenotypic traits averaged over stress and non-stress field conditions. The mean polymorphic information content for SSR value was 0.38 with range of 0.12–0.75. Based on morpho-physiological traits and genotypic data, three groups were obtained based on their tolerance (HHT, MHT and LHT) levels. Analysis of molecular variance explained 91.7% of the total variation could be due to variance within the heat tolerance genotypes. Genetic diversity among HHT was higher than LHT genotypes and HHT genotypes were distributed among all cluster implied that genetic basis of heat tolerance in these genotypes was different thereby enabling the wheat breeders to combine these diverse sources of genetic variation to improve heat tolerance in wheat breeding programme.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of 15 Novel Genomic SSRs for Viburnum farreri

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Trinity P. Hamm ◽  
Marcin Nowicki ◽  
Sarah L. Boggess ◽  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Denita Hadziabdic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Simple Sequence

The Viburnum genus is of particular interest to horticulturalists, phylogeneticists, and biogeographers. Despite its popularity, there are few existing molecular markers to investigate genetic diversity in this large genus, which includes over 160 species. There are also few polymorphic molecular tools that can delineate closely related species within the genus. Viburnum farreri, a member of the Solenotinus subclade and one of the centers of diversity for Viburnum, was selected for DNA sequencing and development of genomic simple sequence repeats (gSSRs). In this study, 15 polymorphic gSSRs were developed and characterized for a collection of 19 V. farreri samples. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two- to- eight and nine loci had four or more alleles. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.84 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.10 to 0.80 for the 15 loci. Shannon diversity index values across these loci ranged from 0.21 to 1.62. The markers developed in this study add to the existing molecular toolkit for the genus and will be used in future studies investigating cross-transferability, genetic variation, and species and cultivar delimitation in the Viburnum genus and closely allied genera in the Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversities within Camellia Species Confirmed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105A-1105
Author(s):  
Lianghong Chen ◽  
Shizhou Wang ◽  
Mack Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Camellia Reticulata ◽  
Camellia Species

In this study research was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of characterizing genetic variation within camellia species using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) markers. Eight varieties of species Camellia japonica and four varieties of species Camellia reticulata, provided by the America Camellia Society, Fort Valley, Ga., were investigated. RAPD profiles generated by five selected 10-based random primers (out of 20 primers) exhibited distinct patterns of amplified bands for all 12 tested varieties. A total of 344 bands were produced among the eight varieties of species C. japonica, with an average of 8.6 bands, ranging from 220 to 2072 bp in size, scored per primer. Among the 344 amplified bands, 74.4% of the bands presented polymorphic. The four varieties of species C. reticulata produced a total of 180 markers, with an average percentage of 57.8% polymorphisms. The amplified bands were in the range of 236–1760 bp. An average of nine amplified bands was generated per primer. The large percentages of polymorphisms displayed among 12 varieties within the two different species indicate that the expected genetic diversity among varieties within camellia species existed. It was concluded that the RAPD molecular markers are capable of revealing appreciable levels of genetic variation within camellia species.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity in Lactucaspeciesusing Isozymes and RAPD Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda H. Helmy Sammour ◽  
A-Z. A. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Understanding of the molecular basis of genetic diversity in Lactucaaccessions is substantial for the management, improvementand efficient uses of Lactuca accessions. Therefore, this workaimed to evaluate molecular diversity among twenty-six accessions of Lactuca species usingisozymes and RAPD analyses. The polymorphic percentages were 87.09%and 100% in isozymes and RAPD analyses respectively, indicating a high genetic variation within and among Lactuca species. The number of alleles were higher in the wild species compared to the cultivated species, reflecting a reduction in the richness of alleles in the cultivated species due to domestication that caused a reduction in genetic diversity to meet the demand for high crop productivity.Isozymes and RAPD clustering dendrogrames: (1) separated,L. sativa accessions in more than one cluster confirming their polyphyletic origin; (2)collected the accessions of L. vimineain one cluster revealed its homogeneity; and (3) divided the accessions of L.saligna in two clusters varied in the number of alleles, particularly “A” form. The corresponding analysis associated the accessions of the wild species based on the alleles “B”of the tested isozymes and the cultivated species on alleles “A” and “C”, suggesting that: (1) allele “B” might be the primitive form of these loci that can tolerate the environmental stresses which prevails in the habitats of the wild species, and (2) “A” and “C” could be the derived forms. These results are of great interest for the management of Lactuca germplasm and for future breeding programs of lettuce.

scholarly journals 561 Using AFLPs to Examine Genetic Diversity in Umbrella Fern

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 543A-543
Author(s):  
F.J. Keiper ◽  
R. McConchie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Detailed Knowledge

Umbrella fern [Sticherus flabellatus (R. Br.) St John] is a successful Australian native foliage product. Currently, all umbrella fern sold on the market is bush-harvested. To meet the growing demand for this product on local and international markets, a commercially viable method for its production must be developed, with effective management of the germplasm resource in terms of conservation and exploitation. To manage this resource, breeders require a detailed knowledge of the amount and distribution of genetic variability within the species. Traditionally, plant breeders focus on a combination of agronomic and morphological traits (phenotype) to measure genetic diversity. In umbrella fern there are a limited number of morphological traits, and these are influenced by environmental factors and therefore do not reflect true genetic diversity. To overcome these problems, molecular techniques such as PCR-based DNA markers are used to complement traditional strategies for genotype assessment. DNA markers have the advantages of being independent of environmental effects, as well as being fast, cost-effective, reproducible, and largely accessible to the nonmolecular geneticist. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) fulfil many of the desirable features of molecular markers, as well as requiring little knowledge of the genome to be investigated. AFLPs have been used widely in the analysis of breeding systems, ecogeographical variation, and genetic variation within and between natural populations. To date there are no published accounts of DNA molecular marker research on umbrella fern. A DNA extraction protocol has been developed for this species, and AFLP markers have been used to analyse genetic diversity within and between natural populations sampled in the Sydney Basin. A large number of polymorphic loci were revealed using 11 primer combinations. The genetic variation detected was partitioned between rather than within populations, suggesting that the mating system in Sticherus is primarily inbreeding. Data will be presented illustrating AFLPs as useful molecular markers for assessing genetic diversity within and between populations of umbrella fern and providing insight on the breeding system used by the species.

Genetic diversity and evolution of Brassica genetic resources: from morphology to novel genomic technologies – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Breeding Programmes

AbstractBrassica species have an economic and medicinal importance. Estimation of the amount and distribution of genetic diversity within Brassica species is essential for establishing efficient management, conservation and breeding practices. This review discusses the taxonomy, gene pool, and Brassica-derived phytochemicals and their nutraceutical importance. It also surveys the recently advanced studies of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies of Brassica species at the level of morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular markers that have proven to be useful for evaluating the genetic variation, taxonomic relationships and species identity, and could be useful for improving Brassica crops through future promising breeding programmes.

Ponna Wignaraja. Women, Poverty, and Resources. New Delhi Newbury/ London: Sage Publications. 1990.242 pp.

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Faiz Bilquees
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
South Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Rate Of Success

Poverty alleviation with reference to gender has been the focus of attention of national and international organizations since the seventies. Massive international assistance, both financial and technical, has been given for such programmes. However, the success rate of such projects has been fairly low. Two major reasons can be given for this low rate of success: (i) the projects have been imposed from the top without due regard to the local conditions, and the target group, i.e., the women, have been treated as objects rather than subjects; (ii) the donors and the implementing agencies have not always focused on the ultimate goal of sustainable development The success stories are quoted quite extensively but they have not been followed. The underlying factor behind their success was a strong faith in the capabilities of the masses at the grassroots level and the maximum use of local talent and expertise. Ponna Wignaraja has produced a wealth of infonnation by providing an in-depth review of the successful poverty alleviation projects amongst women which can lead to sustainable development in South Asia. He first analyses the successful cases in detail, and then he looks at the not very successful projects in Africa and Latin America, suggesting guidlines from specific successful projects in South Asia.

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