Characterization of Calcium Hydroxide Derived from Waste Eggshell upon Moisture Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Siriprom ◽  
K. Teanchai ◽  
K. Kirdsiri ◽  
J. Kaewkhao
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxide Compound ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Moisture Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chicken Eggshell

The structural transformations of chicken eggshell sample upon heat treatments and water absorption have been studied after having ground the shells into powders. Structural identifications of chicken eggshell samples were performed by using x-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-rays spectrometer (EDXRF). It was found that the specimen is made of calcite, a common phase of CaCO3 mineral. An then annealing at different temperatures in the range of 300-600C, The chicken eggshell not transformation, but after heat treatment at temperature 900C, the chicken eggshell sample have been transform structural in to oxide compound with calcia phase. In addition, the chicken eggshells have been preparation calcium hydroxide via a water steam route.

scholarly journals Structural and morphological characterization of rare earth modified lead titanate

Cerâmica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (328) ◽  
pp. 422-447
Author(s):  
F. C. D. Lemos ◽  
D. M. A. Melo ◽  
P. S. de Lima ◽  
C. A. Paskocimas ◽  
E. Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Pechini Method ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Modifier Cation

Rare earth modified lead titanate powders Pb1-xRExTiO3 (REPT), x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.07 and RE = Yb, Y, were prepared by the Pechini method. The materials were calcined under flowing oxygen at different temperatures from 300 to 700 ºC. Nanostructured REPT were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and surface area analysis (BET). The results suggest that the modifier cation incorporated into the system has notable influence in the microstructure and a notable decrease in the crystallite sizes.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION FOR SURFACES AND BURIED INTERFACES

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RENAUD
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The application of X-rays to the structural characterization of surfaces and interfaces, in situ and in UHV, is discussed on selected examples. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction is not only a very powerful technique for quantitatively investigating the atomic structure of surfaces and interfaces, but is also very useful for providing information on the interfacial registry for coherent interfaces or on the strain deformation, island and grain sizes for incoherent epilayers.

Photoreflectance Characterization of InGaAs Lattice Matched to InP

1993 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bellani ◽  
M. Amiotti ◽  
M. Geddo ◽  
G. Guizzetti ◽  
G. Landgren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Gap ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Interfacial Strain ◽  
Valence Bands ◽  
Lattice Matched

AbstractWe measured photoreflectance (PR) spectra at different temperatures between 80 and 300 K, and optical absorption (OA) at 3 K on MOVPE grown Inl-xGaxAs nearly lattice-matched to InP. x-ray diffraction measurements gave a lattice mismatch δa/ao = -0.9.10−3 between ternary alloy and InP, corresponding to × = 0.485. We obtained the energy gap dependence on T from PR spectra. The blue shift of the gap was accounted for in terms of compositional difference with respect to the perfectly lattice matched alloy (× = 0.472), and elastic strain; moreover PR and OA showed evidence of the valence bands splitting at k = 0 due to interfacial strain, in fine agreement with theory.

Synthesis and Characterization of Green Tea Stabilized Iron Nanocatalysts for Brymothymol Blue (BTB) Degradation

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
David Mutuku Katithi ◽  
Immaculate N. Michira ◽  
Peterson M. Guto ◽  
Priscilla Gloria Lorraine Baker ◽  
Geoffrey N. Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Different Temperatures

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were prepared from the green tea extracts at different temperatures through green synthesis procedure and characterized by various physicochemical techniques like UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR Spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction and high resolution tunneling microscopy (HRTEM) and the results confirmed the synthesis of polydisperse and stable FeNPs by the tea extracts. The catalytic activity of FeNPs was investigated using a common environmental pollutant BTB often used in textile industries for dyeing purposes. In these tests, catalytic degradation of BTB with FeNPs at a 10 μL or 30 μL concentration was done in the presence of 2% hydrogen peroxide. Results show no BTB degradation in the absence of the FeNPs. However, a 38% and 68% degradation of BTB was realized in the presence of 10μL and 30 μL FeNPs respectively indicating that the iron nanocatalysts were responsible for the dye degradation. The BTB degradation kinetics was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics with rate constants at the two catalyst concentrations being 0.023 min-1 and 0.063 min-1 respectively.

Depth-Resolved Characterization of Perylenediimide Side-Chain Polymer Thin Film Structure Using Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction with Tender X-rays

Langmuir ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (29) ◽  
pp. 8516-8521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Kamitani ◽  
Ayumi Hamada ◽  
Kazutoshi Yokomachi ◽  
Kakeru Ninomiya ◽  
Kiyu Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polymer Thin Film ◽  
Chain Polymer ◽  
X Ray

Investigation of Creep Behavior of CNT Reinforced Ti6Al4V Under Dynamic Loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Ismail Topcu Ismail Topcu ◽  
Burcu Nilg n etiner Burcu Nilg n etiner ◽  
Arif N G ll o lu and zkan G lsoy Arif N G ll o lu and zkan G lsoy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Materials Used

This study investigates the effects of addition of Carbon nanotube (CNT) at different volume ratios (0.5- 5%) into Ti6Al4V matrix by mechanical alloying in terms of the density, microstructure, hardness and creep under dynamic load. As a result of the good bonding of carbon nanotubes powders with the main matrix, Ti-6Al-4V/CNT composites have experienced change both in microstructure and mechanical properties (such as hardness, density) and, correspondingly, qualitatively creep behaviour of Ti-6Al - 4V matrix alloy has been improved compared to the lean one. The density of CNT reinforced Ti6Al4V composites sintered at 1300and#176;C for 3h decreases with increasing CNT content. The hardness tests indicated that the hardness of composites increased with CNT addition. In addition, although creep strain is decreased continually with CNT content until 5%, creep life increased with increasing CNT content until 4% of CNT but decreased above 4%. After sintering at 1300 and#176;C under vacuum for 3 hours the density of the composite material reached to a level of 98.5 %, the microhardness to 538 HV and the creep behaviour was improved. The characterization of Ti6Al4V / CNT composites after mechanical alloying was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-rays spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Although Ti–6Al–4V alloys are used as biomaterial, this study aimed at using MWCNTs containing Ti-6Al-4V composites at high temperature applications. Because MWCNTs reinforced Ti-6Al-4V composites are cheaper and have lower weight than the other materials used in this kind of applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Doped Nanometer TiO2

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yun Song ◽  
Yu Cheng Wu ◽  
Xiang Fen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures

With Ti(OBu)4 as precursor, and HAC as complexing agent, pure and Fe-doped TiO2 gelatins were prepared by sol-gel method. During the process of gel formation, metal ions were dispersed into the porous TiO2 matrix. Then, powders of pure nano-TiO2 and Fe-doped nano-TiO2 were prepared by drying, grinding and calcining at different temperatures. The grain size and phase structure of pure and Fe-doped TiO2 after calcined at different temperatures, were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Beckman Coulter Sorption Analysis. The results showed that, the Fe3+-TiO2 had better photocatalytic activity in degradation rate of methyl orange under sunlight. The degradation rate was up to 93% as the system was placed under sunlight for 5 h. The optimum calcination temperature for the best catalytic activity was determined to be 500°C, and the mechanism was discussed.

Characterization of pharaonic cartonnage from a late period, Saqqara excavations

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Hala A.M. Afifi ◽  
Heba Sayed Galal ◽  
Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Late Period ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ancient Egyptian

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the pigments, mediums and ground layer used during the late era of ancient Egyptian civilization through the analysis of mummy Cartonnage based on the use of multiple analysis, such as electron microscopy, X-rays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed some fragments from a painted cartonnage of a mummy date back to the late period. Light microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR analysis and investigation of the surface morphology by SEM were used to identify the chemical and anatomical structure of cartonnage. Findings The results clearly showed use of copper and extracted gold from the veins of the quartz to get the golden pigment, but it is full of voids which were a major cause of the degradation. Originality/value The study is the first of its kind on the components of this cartonnage in Saqqara stores.

Synthesis and Characterization of Co/SBA-15 Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Franciele Oliveira Costa ◽  
Carla Gabriela Azevedo Misael ◽  
André Miranda da Silva ◽  
Bianca Viana de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The mesoporous silica SBA-15 molecular sieve has been widely studied due to its unidirectional mesoporous structure, its high average pore diameter, its high thermal and hydrothermal stability and its ability to absorb metal ions, allowing its use as support material for catalysts. This study aimed to synthesize the Co/SBA-15 catalyst, and characterize it through the techniques of X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SBA-15 support was synthesized from the following molar composition of reaction mixture: 1TEOS: 0.017 P123: 5.7 HCl: 173 H2O: 40 EtOH, and after calcined at 550 °C for 6 hours. The Co/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by incorporating 10% cobalt by wet impregnation. Through the X-ray diffractograms, it was found that the impregnation has not changed the structure of the material. RTP profiles showed the presence of peaks at different temperatures that may be caused by dispersion of the cobalt.

Study of the Hydration Process of Synthetic Preparation of Ettringite by Direct Addition of Aluminum Sulfate and Calcium Hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Marcela Fridrichová ◽  
Dominik Gazdič ◽  
Jana Mokrá ◽  
Karel Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Direct Addition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability

The stability of ettringite as high-watery mineral is highly dependent on the ambient temperature. Under standard laboratory conditions, onset of decomposition of this phase occurs at temperature of 80°C already and the theoretical temperature of the complete decomposition of ettringite is 180°C. Ettringite decomposition can occur at significantly different temperatures under humidity conditions other than the laboratory ones. Within the work verification of the possibility of synthetic preparation of ettringite by direct addition of aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, and calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH)2, as an alternative method to the yeelimite hydration procedure was carried out. The stability of the resulting systems was examined in two different environments, namely in a laboratory environment and the environment of saturated water vapour. The phase composition of the samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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