Modeling Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions from Transport in Shanghai

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 736-739
Author(s):  
Lin Hui Zeng ◽  
Guang Ming Li ◽  
Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
The Future

Private vehicle traffic is among the main contributors to anthropogenic carbon emissions. Efforts have been made to control private vehicle in major cities around the world to mitigate carbon emissions from transport sector. The aim of the paper was to find policy implications for energy saving and carbon reduction in transportation in the future. Gompertz model and Spread Sheet model were applied in this paper to estimates energy consumption and carbon emissions from Shanghai’s vehicle transport in the future. Results showed that vehicle ownership of the city will reach 6.15 million in 2030. Under BAU scenario, CO2 emissions from Shanghai’s vehicle will reach 34.163 million t in 2030. While under the FEP scenario, gasoline demand will reduce by 30% compared with the baseline scenario. It shows that fuel economy policy is essential in energy saving and carbon reduction in vehicle sector.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal variation of CO2 emissions from private vehicle use in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Long ◽  
Yoshikuni Yoshida ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Alexandros Gasparatos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
City Size ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract The transport sector is a major contributor to anthropogenic climate change through the emissions of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from fossil fuel combustion. Private vehicles account for almost half of the transport energy demand, and are thus a major target of climate change mitigation efforts. However, emissions from private vehicles can have large variability due to various geographic, demographic and socioeconomic factors. This study aims to understand how such factors affect private vehicle emissions in Japan using a nationally representative survey of household energy consumption (n=7,370) for 2017. The results indicate a large temporal and spatial variability in private vehicle emissions. Annual emissions show three peaks associated with major holiday seasons in winter and summer. Some of the more noteworthy spatial patterns are the higher emissions in prefectures characterized by low population density and mountainous terrain. Income, city size and the fuel-saving driving behavior all have a significant effect on emissions. The results indicate the need for sub-regional and socioeconomically-sensitive mitigation efforts that reflect the very different emission patterns, and the factors affecting them. The strong effect of city size, which is often much more clear-cut than between prefectures, suggests that it is more appropriate to approach transport decarbonization in Japan at the city level.

scholarly journals Comparative Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Performance of Reinforced Concrete and Timber Stadiums—A Case Study in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Dong ◽  
Tongyu Qin ◽  
Siyuan Zhou ◽  
Lu Huang ◽  
Rui Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rc Buildings ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Government

Many stadiums will be built in China in the next few decades due to increasing public interest in physical exercise and the incentive policies issued by the government under its National Fitness Program. This paper investigates the energy saving and carbon reduction performance of timber stadiums in China in comparison with stadiums constructed using conventional building materials, based on both life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and life cycle carbon assessment (LCCA). The authors select five representative cities in five climate zones in China as the simulation environment, simulate energy use in the operation phase of stadiums constructed from reinforced concrete (RC) and timber, and compare the RC and timber stadiums in terms of their life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. The LCEA results reveal that the energy saving potential afforded by timber stadiums is 11.05%, 12.14%, 8.15%, 4.61% and 4.62% lower than those of RC buildings in “severely cold,” “cold,” “hot summer, cold winter,” “hot summer, warm winter,” and “temperate” regions, respectively. The LCCA results demonstrate that the carbon emissions of timber stadiums are 15.85%, 15.86%, 18.88%, 19.22% and 22.47% lower than those of RC buildings for the regions above, respectively. This demonstrates that in China, timber stadiums have better energy conservation and carbon reduction potential than RC stadiums, based on life cycle assessment. Thus, policy makers are advised to encourage the promotion of timber stadiums in China to achieve the goal of sustainable energy development for public buildings.

Low-Carbon Innovation, Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: Evidence From a Dynamic Spatial Panel Approach in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caijiang Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zhangwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
High Emission

Abstract Low-carbon innovation plays an essential role in carbon reduction worldwide. This study investigates how low-carbon innovation affects carbon emissions by the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model based on 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2017. The empirical results show that: First, there exists provincial agglomeration of carbon emissions. High emission provinces concentrate in major economic zones and energy extraction areas. Second, low-carbon innovation decreases carbon emissions in general. The spillover effects are higher than the direct effects in the short run, but the spillover effects are not significant in the long run. Third, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is valid both in the short-run and long-run. Ninety percent of the provinces' GDP is above the inflection point by 2017. The summary of policy implications is as follows. First, targeted incentives for R&D in low-carbon technologies are needed; Second, the externalities of low-carbon innovation require attention; Third, energy transition need to be promoted as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Innovative Carbon Mitigation Techniques to Achieve Environmental Sustainability Agenda: Evidence from a Panel of 21 Selected R&D Economies

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalid Anser ◽  
Shujaat Abbas ◽  
Abdelmohsen A. Nassani ◽  
Mohamed Haffar ◽  
Khalid Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Financial Development Index

Technological innovation in the energy sector is highly needed to reduce carbon emission costs, which requires knowledge spillovers, financial development, and carbon pricing to achieve a green developmental agenda. The current study examines the role of knowledge innovations in achieving the environmental sustainability agenda under financial development and carbon pricing in a panel of 21 selected R&D economies from 1990 to 2018. The study constructed a composite index of financial development and knowledge innovation in the carbon pricing model. The results show that carbon pricing, a financial development index, innovation index, and energy demand fail to achieve stringent carbon reduction targets. A U-shaped relationship is found between carbon emissions and per capita income in the absence of a financial development index and trade openness. At the same time, this study shows the monotonic decreasing function in the presence of all factors. The causality estimates confirmed the feedback relationship between carbon pricing and carbon emissions, carbon pricing and the financial index, and the financial development index and innovation index. Further, the causality results established the carbon-led financial development and innovation, growth-led carbon emissions, and trade-led emissions, pricing, and financial development in a panel of selected countries. The estimates of the innovation accounting matrix (forecasting mechanism) confirmed the viability of the environmental sustainability agenda through carbon pricing, knowledge innovation, and financial development over a time horizon. However, these factors are not achievable carbon reduction targets in a given period. The study concludes that carbon pricing may provide a basis for achieving an environmental sustainability agenda through market-based innovations, green financing options, and improved energy resources. This would ultimately help desensitize carbon emissions across countries.

scholarly journals Estimating the Reduction in Future Fleet-Level CO2 Emissions From Sustainable Aviation Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarth Jain ◽  
Hsun Chao ◽  
Muharrem Mane ◽  
William A. Crossley ◽  
Daniel A. DeLaurentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Demand Projection

With rising concerns over commercial aviation’s contribution to global carbon emissions, the aviation industry faces tremendous pressure to adopt advanced solutions for reducing its share of CO2 emissions. One near-term potential solution to mitigate this global emissions situation is to operate existing aircraft with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF); this solution requires almost no modification to current aircraft, making it the “quickest” approach to reduce aviation carbon emissions, albeit the actual impact will be determined by the degree to which airlines adopt and use SAF, the ticket price impact of SAF, and the future growth of travel demand. This article presents results that estimate the expected fleet-wide emissions of future airline operations using SAF considering various projected traveler demand and biofuel penetration/utilization levels. The work demonstrates an approach to make these predictions by modeling the behavior of a profit-seeking airline using the Fleet-Level Environmental Evaluation Tool (FLEET). Considering five future SAF scenarios and two future passenger demand projection scenarios, FLEET estimates future fleet-level CO2 emissions, showcasing the possible upper and lower bounds on future aviation emissions when SAF is introduced for use in airline fleets. Results show that the future fleet-level CO2 emissions for all scenarios with SAF are lower than the baseline scenario with no SAF, for all demand projection scenarios. The passenger demand served and the trips flown for a given SAF scenario depends on the SAF price and the biofuel penetration levels. This shows that even if airlines serve a higher passenger demand for some future scenarios, the carbon emissions could still be lower than the current baseline scenario where airlines only use conventional jet fuel.

scholarly journals Research on Energy Saving Audit of Construction Based on Carbon Emission Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Building Energy Conservation

This paper studies the contents and methods of building energy conservation audit from the perspective of carbon emission, the purpose of which is to have a fair idea of the existing buildings' carbon emissions, get the hang of the similar buildings' carbon emission laws, transform existing buildings, supervise and guide the proposed building, and finally achieve the ultimate aims of energy-efficiency, carbon reduction and environmental protection in construction. In this paper, how to examine, analyse and evaluate the energy conservation of buildings is studied and explored, and a beneficial attempt is made on the specific audit method of carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Willingness to Participate in Urban Incentive-Based Energy Demand-Side Response: An Empirical Micro-Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8052
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Qiran Cai ◽  
Zhenming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
The Public

Demand-side management provides important opportunities to integrate renewable sources and enhance the flexibility of urban power systems. With the continuous advancement of the smart grid and electricity market reform, the potential for residential consumers to participate in energy demand response is significantly enhanced. However, not enough is known about the public perception of energy demand response, and how sociopsychological and external factors could affect public willingness to participate. This study investigates the public perception of and willingness to participate in urban energy demand response through a questionnaire survey and employs multiple linear regression models to explore the determinants of public willingness to participate. The results suggest that income level, energy-saving attitudes, behaviors, external motivation factors, and energy-saving technologies are the key factors that determine public willingness to participate. Although most respondents are willing to participate, the effects of monetary incentives are more significant than the effect of spiritual inducements, and respondents are more sensitive to compensation than to dynamic electricity prices. The further improvement of residential responsiveness requires continuous infrastructure building by technical support, public energy-saving awareness, and public perception of energy demand response. Policy implications are proposed to achieve a sufficient residential response from an aggressive policy framework and energy-saving behavioral guidance.

scholarly journals Nudge Versus Boost: Agency Dynamics Under Libertarian Paternalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (629) ◽  
pp. 1384-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Michael D Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Thaler and Sunstein (2008) advance the concept of ‘nudge’ policies—non-regulatory and non-fiscal mechanisms designed to enlist people's cognitive biases or motivational deficits so as to guide their behaviour in a desired direction. A core assumption of this approach is that policymakers make artful use of people's cognitive biases and motivational deficits in ways that serve the ultimate interests of the nudged individual. We analyse a model of dynamic policymaking in which the policymaker's preferences are not always aligned with those of the individual. One novelty of our set-up is that the policymaker has the option to implement a ‘boost’ policy, equipping the individual with the competence to overcome the nudge-enabling bias once and for all. Our main result identifies conditions under which the policymaker chooses not to boost in order to preserve the option of using the nudge (and its associated bias) in the future—even though boosting is in the immediate best interests of both the policymaker and the individual. We extend our analysis to situations in which the policymaker can be removed (e.g., through an election) and in which the policymaker is similarly prone to bias. We conclude with a discussion of some policy implications of these findings.

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