The Development of Photoactive Admixtures for Concrete and Cement-Based Plaster Finishes, to Create Self-Cleaning Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pavel Dohnálek ◽  
Jaromír Jirkovský ◽  
Tereza Sázavská ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Václav Pumpr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Czech Academy ◽  
Active Admixture ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Gradual Transformation

This article presents research and development on innovative photoactive admixtures for concrete and cement-based plasters for the finishing of concrete surfaces finished this year. The goal of the development was to provide the resulting surfaces of these newly developed materials with a self-cleaning ability stemming from photocatalytic reaction during exposure to UV radiation. The specific function of all these products is based on the photocatalytic oxidative mineralization of all organic structures present on the surface, i.e., their gradual transformation into the final simple inorganic compounds, which are carbon dioxide, water and the corresponding mineral acids. This research and development was carried out as part of a project supported by the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade, in the TRIO programme; and in cooperation of BETOSAN s.r.o., the Technical University of Liberec, the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The first type of developed material is a photocatalytically active admixture in powder form, allowing the preparation of concrete surfaces with photocatalytic properties. The second type of developed material is a photocatalytically active cement-based plaster, intended primarily for application to a concrete substrate. Two final versions of both materials were developed. In the case of the plaster this means preparation of two colour variants, specifically white and grey. For the powder concrete admixture two types with different application procedures were developed. This means one version of admixture mixed throughout the entire volume of the concrete and second variant applied only in the surface layer of the concrete. We anticipate mainly exterior applications on the self-cleaning outer shell of buildings, as well as treatment of the surface layer of various structures such as bridges, noise barriers, traffic barriers and tunnels. The developed materials can also be used in interiors under specific conditions, with anticipated uses in the health care and food processing industries.

Development of Innovative Photoactive Admixtures for Concrete and Cement-Based Plaster Finishes, to Create Self-Cleaning Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Pavel Dohnálek ◽  
Jaromír Jirkovský ◽  
Tereza Sázavská ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Václav Pumpr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Czech Academy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Active Admixture ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This article presents research and development on innovative photoactive admixtures for concrete and cement-based plasters for the finishing of concrete surfaces. The goal is to provide the resulting surfaces of these newly developed materials with a self-cleaning ability stemming from photocatalytic reaction during exposure to UV radiation. This research and development is currently underway as part of a project supported by the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade, in the TRIO programme; and in cooperation with BETOSAN s.r.o., the Technical University of Liberec, the Institute of Inorganic chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences and the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The first type of material under development is a photocatalytically active admixture in powder form, allowing the preparation of concrete surfaces with photocatalytic properties. The second type of material under development is a photocatalytically active cement-based plaster, intended primarily for application to a concrete substrate. The preparation of two or more final versions is to be expected for both types of materials. In the case of the plaster this includes the preparation of two colour variants, specifically white and grey. For the powdered cement admixture we expect the preparation of various types based on their application. This could mean different types of admixtures mixed throughout the entire volume of the concrete or only in the surface layer of the concrete. We envisage exterior applications on the self-cleaning outer shell of buildings, as well as treatment of the surface layer of various structures such as bridges, noise barriers, traffic barriers and tunnels. The materials created could also be used in interiors under specific conditions, with anticipated uses in the health care and food processing industries.

scholarly journals On the Ethics of Truthfulness: An Interview with Professor Thomas Osborne

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Osborne ◽  
Filip Vostal
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Czech Academy ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Professor Thomas Osborne (SPAIS, University of Bristol, author of Aspects of Enlightenment: Social Theory and The Ethics of Truth (1998) and The Structure of Modern Cultural Theory (2008) visited Prague in mid-2018 and presented a paper On Montesquieu, Markets and the Liberalism of Fear. The interview was conducted online by Dr. Filip Vostal (CSTSS, Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences) in autumn 2020.

scholarly journals Współpraca polskich i czeskich prawników

2017 ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Daria Danecka ◽  
Wojciech Radecki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Czech Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

History Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences has published in 2014 the monograph by Roman Baron, Roman Madecki and collective entitled “Czech Polish Studies: Tradition and Present (philology – history – politology – law)”. On the basis of this monograph the authors presented many years’ cooperation between Polish, Czech and Slovak scholars in domain of the environmental law.

scholarly journals 26Mg target for nuclear astrophysics measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
I. Siváček ◽  
J. Mrázek ◽  
V. Kroha ◽  
V. Burjan ◽  
V. Glagolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Astrophysics ◽  
Asymptotic Normalization ◽  
Physics Institute ◽  
Astrophysical Interest ◽  
Target Composition ◽  
Czech Academy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Nuclear Physics Institute

Two nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest, 26Mg(3He,d)27Al and 26Mg(d,p)27Mg, were measured for extraction of the Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients. Investigation of the target composition is presented, as well as the effects that showed up during analysis of the in-beam data obtained on CANAM accelerators in the Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (NPI CAS).

Boundary repair: Science and enterprise at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402
Author(s):  
Dali Ma
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In the 1980s, the Chinese state pushed the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to establish businesses. Some of these businesses did not engage in any research and development (R&D), and this resulted in scientists having concerns about the boundary around the institutionalizing scientific community. When the state supported CAS’s ‘Knowledge Innovation’ reform in the late 1990s, CAS’s organizing principle became centered on a more narrowly scientific logic, which led to less reliance on business income. Regression analysis indicates that CAS-owned enterprises without R&D were more likely to be discontinued during ‘Knowledge Innovation’. Moreover, businesses having no R&D were more likely to be discontinued (1) if they were making high profits and (2) if they were supervised by an institute in which Academicians had longer tenure, because these conditions heightened science-market conflict.

scholarly journals Квантово-химическое моделирование взаимодействия в системе MeN(H2O)M (Me = Cu, AgG, Au; N = 1-3; M = 1, 2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Igor V. Nechaev ◽  
Alexander V. Vvedenskii
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Molecular Constants ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Rice University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Protection Of Metals

Моделирование реакции малых кластеров IB металлов с молекулами воды проведено в рамках теории функционала плотности. Рассчитана структура, колебательные частоты, зарядовое распределение и другие характеристики изомеров Men(H2O)m (Me = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-3; m = 1, 2). Показано, что частицы Cu2 и Cu3 термодинамически способны разлагать воду на водород и гидроксил при стандартных условиях, другие рассмотренные кластеры IB металлов подобной активностью не обладают.     ЛИТЕРАТУРА Vigdorovich V. , Tsygankova L. E. , Shel’ N. V.  Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 567-574.   https://doi.org/10.1134/s2070205115040346  de Heer W. A. Mod. Phys., 1993, vol. 65, pp. 611. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.65.611 Serebrennikov L. V., Davlyatshin D. I., Golovkin A. V. Russian Journal of Pphysical Chemistry A, 2010, vol. 84, pp. 2082. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0036024410120137 Tretyakov Y. D., Goodilin E. A. Russian Chemical Reviews, 2009, vol. 78, pp. 801. https://doi.org/10.1070/rc2009v078n09abeh004029 Melikhov V. I. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007, vol. 77, pp. 563-567.  https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331607060032 Valden M., Lai X., Goodman W. Science, 1998, vol. 281, pp. 1647. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5383.1647 Park A. Thesis Ph.D. Rice University, 1988, pp. 126-160. Eachus R. S., Marchetti A. P., Muenter A. A. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.117 Elghanian R., Srorhoff J. J., Mucic R. C., et al. Science, 1997, vol. 277, pp. 1078. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5329.1078 Doroshenko A. A., Nechaev I. V., Vvedenskii A. V. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014, vol. 88, pp. 1542. https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441409012x Moskovits M. Mod. Phys., 1985, vol. 57, pp. 783. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.57.783 Adamo C., Scuseria G.E., Barone V. Chem. Phys., 1999, vol. 111, pp. 2889. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479571 Dunning Jr. T. H. Chem. Phys., 1989, vol. 90, pp. 1007. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456153 Stoll H., Fuentealba P., Schwerdtfeger P., et al. Chem. Phys., 1984, vol. 81, pp. 2732. DOI: 10.1063/1.447992 Reed A. E, Kurtiss L. A., Weinhold F. Rev., 1988, vol. 88, pp. 899. DOI: 10.1021/cr00088a005 Frisch M. J., Trucks G. W., Schlegel H. B., et al. Gaussian 09 Revision D.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT, 2009. URL: www.chemcraftprog.com. Merrick J. P., Moran D., Radom L. Phys. Chem. A., 2007, vol. 111, pp. 11683. DOI: 10.1021/jp073974n Barone V. Chem. Phys., 2004, vol. 120, pp. 3059. DOI: 10.1063/1.1637580 Molecular Constants of Inorganic Compounds / Ed. by K.S Krasnova. Leningrad, Chemistry Publ., 1979, 448 p. (in Russ.)

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE TO THE COMPOSITE CHARACTERISTICS OF TiO2SiO2 NANOPARTICLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Della Dwi Ananda ◽  
Dina Kartika Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Self Cleaning

THE EFFECT OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE TO THE COMPOSITECHARACTERISTICS OF TiO2SiO2 NANOPARTICLE. Self-cleaning material is a material that utilizes the photocatalytic property to degrade organic and inorganic compounds with the help of UV light. One of the materials that have good photocatalytic property is TiO2, the photocatalytic property causes TiO2 to be amphiphilic: becomes hydrophilic when there is light and becomes hydrophobic when there is no light. The photocatalytic property of TiO2 can be improved with the addition of buffer material such as SiO2. TiO2SiO2 nanoparticle was synthesized using a sol-gel method with Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TTIP) precursors for TiO2 and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) precursors for SiO2 and followed by a variation of calcination temperature of 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for 2 hours. TiO2SiO2 composite was synthesized using composition TiO2 sol 75% and SiO2 25%. The result of the synthesis TiO2SiO2 composite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) instrument to determine the functional groups in the composites and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments to determine the phase, crystallite size and degree of crystallinity in the composite. The purpose of this research is to synthesized TiO2SiO2 nanoparticle as a self cleaning agent with variation of the calcination temperature, to obtain composite characteristics that can support self cleaning. The self-cleaning ability was based on a produced composite characteristic of TiO2SiO2. The result of FTIR characterization showed that at calcination temperature of 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C there was a Ti-OSi bond at the peak of 948.91 cm-1, 950.77 cm-1, 941.13 cm-1, 942.13 cm-1. The result of XRD characterization showed that at the temperature of 400 °C had the best characteristics, the 75.27% anatase phase and brookite phase 24.72%. Calcinations temperature 400 °C had best degree of crystallinity of 91.66%.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts to the Development of Marine Technology in Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Special edition 2) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Ivo Senjanović ◽  
Neven Hadžić
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Conference Organization ◽  
Marine Technology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Contribution of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts to the development of marine technology in Croatia is described in this paper. Intensive research and development of marine technology in Croatia was initiated by Prof. Zlatko Winkler, fellow of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, in 1979 when the first Conference on Marine Technology was organized. Since 2005 the Conference on Marine Technology is organized by the Scientific Council of Maritime Affairs of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Faculty of Engineering in Rijeka in memory of Zlatko Winkler (1917 – 1996), president of the Scientific Council of Maritime Affairs between 1994 and 1996. Grateful for his contribution to the research and development, the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts continuously and generously supports the conference organization. Until today in total seven Conferences on Marine Technology were organized. As pointed out in the paper, the most important contribution of the Academy to development of the marine technology is organization of round tables on this challenging topic.

scholarly journals Formation of a photocatalytic WO3 surface layer on electrodeposited Al–W alloy coatings by selective dissolution and heat treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Higashino ◽  
Masao Miyake ◽  
Takumi Ikenoue ◽  
Tetsuji Hirato
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Alloy Films ◽  
Visible Light Illumination ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Surface Layer Formation

Abstract In this study, we explored the feasibility of WO3 surface layer formation on electrodeposited Al–W alloy coatings by selective dissolution and heat treatment, with the aim of providing corrosion-resistant Al–W alloy coatings with photocatalytic self-cleaning properties under visible light illumination. The selective dissolution of Al and oxidation of residual W was carried out by immersing Al–W alloy films in an aqueous solution of nitric acid. A nanostructured H2WO4·H2O surface layer was formed on the alloy film by this process. The H2WO4·H2O layer was dehydrated to WO3 by heat treatment, yielding a multilayered WO3/Al–W alloy film with an approximately 300 nm thick WO3 layer. The WO3/Al–W alloy film exhibited photocatalytic self-cleaning, as demonstrated by the photodegradation of stearic acid and methylene blue. We also confirmed that selective dissolution and heat treatment did not significantly diminish the corrosion resistance of the Al–W alloy films.

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