Performance and Emission Profile of Micro-Algal Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engine

Micro-algae are a large and diverse group of simple typically autotrophic organisms which have the potential to produce greater amounts of non-polar lipids and biomass than most terrestrial biodiesel feedstocks. Having emerged as one of the most promising sources for biodiesel production, they are gaining research interests in the current energy scenario due to their phenomenal growth potential (< 21 days log phase) in addition to relatively high lipids production which are also excellent source of biodiesel. In this study, engine performance and emission profile was performed using biodiesel fuels and blends from micro-algal technology in a compression ignition engine. The technology of micro-algae involved open pond cultivation and the use of photo-bioreactor model BF-115 Bioflo/celli Gen made in the US of 14 litre capacity (200 Lux light intensity) and flowrate of 2.5L/min. The micro-algal species used were Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus spp. The biodiesel produced were blended with conventional diesel (AGO) at different proportions. The performance parameters evaluated include: engine power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), smoke opacity, thermal gravimetry, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperatures and lubricity while the varying effects of emission pollutants during combustion were also studied. Results showed that viscosity, density and lubricity have significant effects on engine output power and torque than when throttled with AGO which was used as control. Combustion efficiency and emission profile were better than the AGO due to the oxygenated nature of the micro-algal biodiesel which brought about complete combustion. A striking deduction arrived is that oxygen content of the algal biodiesel had direct influence on smoke opacity and emissions in the engine and also thermo-gravimetrically stable for other thermal applications. The engine tests (BSFC, BTE, ThE, MechE, EGT) and overall emissions (CO2, CO, VOCs, HC, SOx, NOx) were within acceptable limits and comparable with AGO. The implication of the study is that Micro-algal technology is feasible and can revolutionise development in biodiesel industry.

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Production, Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel as Compression Ignition Engine Fuel

Volume 6A: Energy ◽

10.1115/imece2013-62748 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Ambarish Datta ◽

Bijan Kumar Mandal

Keyword(s):

Production Performance ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Current Status ◽

Engine Fuel ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽

Waste Frying Oil ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Ci Engines

The enhanced use of diesel fuel and the strict emission norms for the protection of environment have necessitated finding sustainable alternative and relatively green fuels for compression ignition engines. This paper presents a brief review on the current status of biodiesel production and its performance and emission characteristics as compression ignition engine fuel. This study is based on the reports on biodiesel fuels published in the current literature by different researchers. Biodiesel can be produced from crude vegetable oil, non-edible oil, waste frying oil, animal tallow and also from algae by a chemical process called transesterification. Biodiesel is also called methyl or ethyl ester of the corresponding feed stocks from which it has been produced. Biodiesel is completely miscible with diesel oil, thus allowing the use of blends of mineral diesel and biodiesel in any percentage. Presently, biodiesel is blended with mineral diesel and used commercially as fuel in many countries. Biodiesel fueled CI engines perform more or less in the same way as that fueled with the mineral diesel. Exhaust emissions are significantly improved due the use of biodiesel or blends of biodiesel and mineral diesel. The oxides of nitrogen are found to be greater in exhaust in case of biodiesel compared to mineral diesel. But the higher viscosity of biodiesel also enhances the lubricating property. Biodiesel being an oxygenated fuel improves combustion.

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Performance of Compression Ignition Engine with Coated Piston for Multiple Blends of Methyl Castor Oil

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.8.2.08 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

V.H. Wilson ◽

V. Yalini

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Step Process ◽

Performance And Emission

Fossil fuel is getting exhausted at a fast rate and contributes to high carbon monoxide emissions. Biodiesel, being environmentally friendly, has better performance than diesel. Castor oil is an easily available vegetable oil in India. But its high viscosity leads to blockage of the fuel lines. The amount of free fatty acid more than 1% leads to soap formation which necessitates the biodiesel production in a two step process. The first step of acid catalyzed esterification process reduces the free fatty acid content of castor oil to below 1%. The second step of transesterification process converts the preheated oil to castor biodiesel. This two step process gave a maximum yield of 90%.The methyl castor oil (biodiesel) is blended with diesel in different proportions on volume basis as 15:85 (B15), 25:75 (B25), and 35:65 (B35). These blended oils are used to run a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition engine with different coatings of pistons, to study and compare the engine performance and emission characteristics at different load conditions.

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Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7071

Author(s):

Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽

Haris Mehmood Khan ◽

T. M. Yunus Khan ◽

Luqman Razzaq ◽

Tahir Asif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

High Speed Diesel ◽

Moringa Oleifera Oil ◽

Smoke Opacity

In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO2 (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NOx (9%) emissions.

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Emission from Compression Ignition Engine using Biogas Blends with Diesel as a Fuel

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.b3672.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1536-1538

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Energy Demand ◽

The Other ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Ci Engine ◽

Smoke Opacity

A study on performance and emission of compression ignition (CI) engine has been made by utilizing biogas blends at different loads. The flow rate of biogas with air was important parameter to get the desired results. The blend of 30% with diesel was optimum which yielded optimum emission characteristics. Higher specific fuel consumption and lower brake thermal efficiency was observed when the proportion of biogas mixes with diesel in comparison with neat diesel. The out coming results from the experimental investigation exhibited reduction in NOx emission and smoke opacity. The other emissions hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) has been higher than diesel. The use of biogas as an alternative fuel in correct proportion with diesel can meet the energy demand on scarcity of conventional fuel.

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Impact of algal biodiesel and its diesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy ◽

10.1063/5.0067829 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 013101

Author(s):

Bhojraj N. Kale ◽

S. D. Patle ◽

S. R. Kalambe

Keyword(s):

Emission Characteristics ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Algal Biodiesel

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An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Ferrous Ferric Oxide Nano-Additive and Chicken Fat Methyl Ester on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13020265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Ameer Suhel ◽

Norwazan Abdul Rahim ◽

Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman ◽

Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad ◽

Yew Heng Teoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Ferric Oxide ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Chicken Fat

In recent years, industries have been investing to develop a potential alternative fuel to substitute the depleting fossil fuels which emit noxious emissions. Present work investigated the effect of ferrous ferric oxide nano-additive on performance and emission parameters of compression ignition engine fuelled with chicken fat methyl ester blends. The nano-additive was included with various methyl ester blends at different ppm of 50, 100, and 150 through the ultrasonication process. Probe sonicator was utilized for nano-fuel preparation to inhibit the formation of agglomeration of nanoparticles in base fuel. Experimental results revealed that the addition of 100 ppm dosage of ferrous ferric oxide nanoparticles in blends significantly improves the combustion performance and substantially decrease the pernicious emissions of the engine. It is also found from an experimental results analysis that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved by 4.84%, a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 10.44%, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) by 9.44%, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) by 19.47%, carbon monoxides (CO) by 53.22%, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) by 21.73%, nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 15.39%, and smoke by 14.73% for the nano-fuel B20FFO100 blend. By seeing of analysis, it is concluded that the doping of ferrous ferric oxide nano-additive in chicken fat methyl ester blends shows an overall development in engine characteristics.

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