Optimization of the Transesterification Process for Biodiesel Production and Use of Biodiesel in a Compression Ignition Engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2998-3003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivaprakasam ◽  
C. G. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine

Production, Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel as Compression Ignition Engine Fuel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish Datta ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ci Engines

The enhanced use of diesel fuel and the strict emission norms for the protection of environment have necessitated finding sustainable alternative and relatively green fuels for compression ignition engines. This paper presents a brief review on the current status of biodiesel production and its performance and emission characteristics as compression ignition engine fuel. This study is based on the reports on biodiesel fuels published in the current literature by different researchers. Biodiesel can be produced from crude vegetable oil, non-edible oil, waste frying oil, animal tallow and also from algae by a chemical process called transesterification. Biodiesel is also called methyl or ethyl ester of the corresponding feed stocks from which it has been produced. Biodiesel is completely miscible with diesel oil, thus allowing the use of blends of mineral diesel and biodiesel in any percentage. Presently, biodiesel is blended with mineral diesel and used commercially as fuel in many countries. Biodiesel fueled CI engines perform more or less in the same way as that fueled with the mineral diesel. Exhaust emissions are significantly improved due the use of biodiesel or blends of biodiesel and mineral diesel. The oxides of nitrogen are found to be greater in exhaust in case of biodiesel compared to mineral diesel. But the higher viscosity of biodiesel also enhances the lubricating property. Biodiesel being an oxygenated fuel improves combustion.

Performance of Compression Ignition Engine with Coated Piston for Multiple Blends of Methyl Castor Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.H. Wilson ◽  
V. Yalini
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Performance And Emission

Fossil fuel is getting exhausted at a fast rate and contributes to high carbon monoxide emissions. Biodiesel, being environmentally friendly, has better performance than diesel. Castor oil is an easily available vegetable oil in India. But its high viscosity leads to blockage of the fuel lines. The amount of free fatty acid more than 1% leads to soap formation which necessitates the biodiesel production in a two step process. The first step of acid catalyzed esterification process reduces the free fatty acid content of castor oil to below 1%. The second step of transesterification process converts the preheated oil to castor biodiesel. This two step process gave a maximum yield of 90%.The methyl castor oil (biodiesel) is blended with diesel in different proportions on volume basis as 15:85 (B15), 25:75 (B25), and 35:65 (B35). These blended oils are used to run a single cylinder four stroke compression ignition engine with different coatings of pistons, to study and compare the engine performance and emission characteristics at different load conditions.

scholarly journals Desert Palm Date Seeds as a Biodiesel Feedstock: Extraction, Characterization, and Engine Testing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kamil ◽  
Khalid Ramadan ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi ◽  
Chaouki Ghenai ◽  
Abrar Inayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
The Face ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Optimum Production

The development of alternative fuels is increasingly important in order to maintain ongoing global economic and technological progress in the face of fossil fuel depletion and increasing environmental damage. Desert palm date seeds have clear potential as feedstock for biodiesel production given their high oil content and availability as food waste that requires no further cultivation. In this study we investigated the optimum production processes and conditions for date seed oil biodiesel, including characterizing the intermediate product and correcting its composition to meet international fuel standards. Four biodiesel blends were prepared (B5, B10, B15, and B20) and tested in a compression ignition engine at engine speeds from 1600 to 3600 rpm (200 rpm increments) and three engine loads (50%, 75%, and 100%). The highest oil yield and biodiesel conversion achieved were 10.74 wt.% and 92%, respectively. The biodiesel properties conformed well with the standards; the values for brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption were comparable with petrol diesel, though the latter was slightly superior. All blends produced lower levels of CO2, CO, and HC but higher levels of NOx emissions. These results demonstrate the fundamental suitability of date seeds as biodiesel feedstock, deserving of further research.

scholarly journals Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salaheldeen ◽  
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ◽  
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Practicable Method

Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Profile of Micro-Algal Biodiesel in Compression Ignition Engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 110-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Eloka-Eboka ◽  
Freddie L. Inambao
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Profile ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
Smoke Opacity

Micro-algae are a large and diverse group of simple typically autotrophic organisms which have the potential to produce greater amounts of non-polar lipids and biomass than most terrestrial biodiesel feedstocks. Having emerged as one of the most promising sources for biodiesel production, they are gaining research interests in the current energy scenario due to their phenomenal growth potential (< 21 days log phase) in addition to relatively high lipids production which are also excellent source of biodiesel. In this study, engine performance and emission profile was performed using biodiesel fuels and blends from micro-algal technology in a compression ignition engine. The technology of micro-algae involved open pond cultivation and the use of photo-bioreactor model BF-115 Bioflo/celli Gen made in the US of 14 litre capacity (200 Lux light intensity) and flowrate of 2.5L/min. The micro-algal species used were Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus spp. The biodiesel produced were blended with conventional diesel (AGO) at different proportions. The performance parameters evaluated include: engine power, torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), smoke opacity, thermal gravimetry, thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperatures and lubricity while the varying effects of emission pollutants during combustion were also studied. Results showed that viscosity, density and lubricity have significant effects on engine output power and torque than when throttled with AGO which was used as control. Combustion efficiency and emission profile were better than the AGO due to the oxygenated nature of the micro-algal biodiesel which brought about complete combustion. A striking deduction arrived is that oxygen content of the algal biodiesel had direct influence on smoke opacity and emissions in the engine and also thermo-gravimetrically stable for other thermal applications. The engine tests (BSFC, BTE, ThE, MechE, EGT) and overall emissions (CO2, CO, VOCs, HC, SOx, NOx) were within acceptable limits and comparable with AGO. The implication of the study is that Micro-algal technology is feasible and can revolutionise development in biodiesel industry.

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