The Comparison between Calculation Methods on the Solar Position in the Chiljeongsan Naepion and Chiljeongsan Oepion

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 824-830
Author(s):  
Y.S. Ahn ◽  
E.H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solar Position

The Chiljeongsan Naepion (七政算內篇) and the Chiljeongsan Oepion (七政算外篇), landmark achievements in the field of astronomical calendars in Korea, were published in the 26th year (1444 A.D.) of the reign of King Sejong (世宗, 1418-1450 A.D.) of the Choseon(朝鮮) dynasty, firmly establishing the calendar making system of Choseon. The Chiljeongsan Naepion adopts the conventions of the Shoushi calendar (授時曆) of the Yuan (元) dynasty (1280-1367 A.D.) of China, but also consults the Datong calendar (大統曆) and the modified Datong-li Tongkue (大統曆通軌), published during the Ming(明) dynasty (1368-1643 A.D.) of China. Furthermore, the Chiljeongsan Naepion corrects errors in the referred Chinese calendars and adds calculations of sunrise and sunset at the latitude of Seoul. On the other hand, the Chiljeongsan Oepion adopts the conventions of the Huihui calendar (回回曆) of Arabia translated and edited by the Arabian astronomer Mashayihei (馬沙亦黑) [1] in China. The Huihui calendar uses an Islamic theory of epicycles for its treatment of lunar and planetary motions. This means that aspects of the Ptolemaic system had been introduced into the Korean astronomy in the 15th century The calendar of the Choseon dynasty was made by the method of Chiljeongsan Naepion, but the calculations of solar and lunar eclipses and five planet’s positions are compared to those of the Chiljeongsan Oepion. In this paper, we discussed mainly the differences of the calculation methods of the solar positions in both calendars.

USE OF THE GALAXY AS A TOOL FOR SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ORIENTATION DURING THE EARLY ISLAMIC PERIOD AND UP TO THE 15TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Andreas Eckart
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

AbstractWe study to what extent the Milky Way was used as an orientation tool at the beginning of the Islamic period covering the 8th to the 15th century, with a focus on the first half of that era. We compare the texts of three authors from three different periods and give detailed comments on their astronomical and traditional content. The text of al-Marzūqī summarises the information on the Milky Way put forward by the astronomer and geographer ʾAbū Ḥanīfa al-Dīnawarī. The text makes it clear that in some areas the Milky Way could be used as a geographical guide to determine the approximate direction toward a region on Earth or the direction of prayer. In the 15th century, the famous navigator Aḥmad b. Māǧid describes the Milky Way in his nautical instructions. He frequently demonstrates that the Milky Way serves as a guidance aid to find constellations and stars that are useful for precise navigation on land and at sea. On the other hand, Ibn Qutayba quotes in his description of the Milky Way a saying from the famous Bedouin poet Ḏū al-Rumma, which is also mentioned by al-Marzūqī. In this saying the Milky Way is used to indicate the hot summer times in which travelling the desert was particularly difficult. Hence, the Milky Way was useful for orientation in space and time and was used for agricultural and navigational purposes.

Richard Lavenham and the Cambridge Logic

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Spade
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Study

Summary This paper argues that the 14th-century Oxford Carmelite Richard Lavenham was the author of the treatise De syncategorematibus that was used as a textbook in 15th-century Cambridge, a version of which was printed several times in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensium. The manuscript versions of this treatise differ significantly from one another and from the printed editions, so that the claim of Lavenham’s authorship needs to be carefully considered. The evidence for this claim is described briefly. The identification of the De syncategorematibus in the Cambridge Libellus as Lavenham’s provides the first real indication that Lavenham, whose works testify to the influence of other authors on logico-linguistic studies in late 14th-century Oxford, was himself not without influence as late as the early 16th century. On the other hand, the De syncategorematibus is not a very competent treatise, so that its inclusion as a textbook in the Libellus sophistarum is an indication of the decline of the logical study of language in England during this period. A brief analysis of the contents of the treatise supports this observation.

scholarly journals To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Lucia Lichnerová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

al-Madīnah or la ville? An architectural & urban “clash of civilizations” – the example of the city of Algiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Kobis
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
French Colonialism ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Abstract The main aim of author was to present the specific features of the architecture and urbanisation of Algiers – the capital of Algeria. The history of the city was marked by two great periods: Muslim domination (especially from the 15th century) and French colonialism (in the years 1830 – 1962). Both of these have left behind numerous traces of architectural and urbanistic thought. The material effect of French domination is the architecture of modern Algiers, which took the form of a French ville, similar to Paris, Lyon or Marseille. On the other hand, the architecture of Algiers also includes the old Arab district – Casbah, that resembles the cities of the Middle East (Madīnah in Arabic), like Istanbul, Cairo or Damascus. Both architectural traditions give the city of Algiers a cosmopolitan and universal character. The threat to the peculiar coexistence of these traditions is the progressive migration from the countryside to the city, which results in the expansion of area of slums, called bidonvilles.

scholarly journals Changing Interpretations of Plotinus: The 18th-Century Introduction of the Concept of a ‘System of Philosophy’

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Catana
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Method Point

Abstract This article critically explores the history and nature of a hermeneutic assumption which frequently guided interpretations of Plotinus from the 18th century onwards, namely that Plotinus advanced a system of philosophy. It is argued that this assumption was introduced relatively late, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and that it was primarily made possible by Brucker’s methodology for the history of philosophy, dating from the 1740s, to which the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’ was essential. It is observed that the concept is absent from Ficino’s commentary from the 15th century, and that it remained absent in interpretations produced between the 15th and 18th centuries. It is also argued that the assumption of a ‘system of philosophy’ in Plotinus is historically incorrect—we do not find this concept in Plotinus’ writings, and his own statements about method point in other directions. Eduard Zeller (active in the second half of the 19th century) is typically regarded as the first to give a satisfying account of Plotinus’ philosophy as a whole. In this article, on the other hand, Zeller is seen as having finalised a tradition initiated in the 18th century. Very few Plotinus scholars have examined the interpretative development prior to Zeller. Schiavone (1952) and Bonetti (1971), for instance, have given little attention to Brucker’s introduction of the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’. The present analysis, then, has value for an understanding of Plotinus’ Enneads. It also explains why “pre-Bruckerian” interpretations of Plotinus appear alien to the modern reader; the analysis may even serve to make some sense of the hermeneutics employed by Renaissance Platonists and commentators, who are often eclipsed from the tradition of Platonism.

scholarly journals ANTHROPONYMIC BASIS AND LEXICAL CONTINUITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
B. Abdualiuly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient Times

There are names of people who have preserved their ancient identity from ancient Turkic times to the present day. In the article they are considered as elements that make up the “anthroponymic foundations”. On the other hand, these stable anthroponymic components, continuing continuously from century to century, are an indicator of lexical continuity. For example, one component combines different words and creates new names in the form: in ancient times Er Togmysh, in the 15th century Erkutlyk, now Ernur and others, that is, the Er component is stable and flexible to change in accordance with the requirements of each era. Taking into account the peculiarities of this phenomenon when creating anthroponyms, the article compares old and new names, the author concludes that this issue should be taken into account when creating a dictionary of Kazakh names.

Consideraciones sobre la transmisión textual de la Crónica de Iria

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-160
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Text ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
Historical Text

AbstractThe textual transmission of the Crónica de Iria (a historical text written in Galicia in the 15th century) has been controversial in recent years. Its latest editor, José Souto, holds that the original text is the oldest manuscript (C), written in the 15th century by Rui Vázquez. On the other hand, David Mackenzie considered that this manuscript (C) and the seventeenth-century copy (V) come from the lost archetype with different degrees of manipulation. The historical data provided by Fernando López Alsina analysing the reasons for the composition of the Crónica de Iria supports Mackenzie’s analysis. The present article examines the indirect tradition and carries out a careful collation of the texts, aiming to draw more effective conclusions as regards the existing filiation.

scholarly journals Hidden prosody in philology: yìyŭ 'transcriptions' in the 15th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihkai Lin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
High Tone ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Chi Square Tests

This paper investigates how prosody is hidden behind transcriptions in historical resources. Three historical sources are used in the analysis. They are Chinese transcriptions from the 15th century in which Japanese, Korean and Ryukyuan phrases are recorded using Chinese characters. The argument concentrates on the prosodic patterns of disyllabic nouns in the three historical sources. The results of chi-square tests show that in the transcriptions Korean is significantly different from Japanese and Ryukyuan. In disyllabic nouns, the Chinese tonal category shăngshēng is favored in the first syllable of the Korean data to show changes from low to high tone. On the other hand, the transition is not salient in the Japanese and Ryukyuan data. In addition, the Chinese tonal cateogry yīnpíng is disfavored in the first syllable of the Korean data, whereas Chinese yīnpíng is not overtly excluded from the first syllable of Japanese and Ryukyuan data. This paper also discusses the projection of prosodic characteristics from Chinese onto the transcriptions: the second syllable in a disyllabic noun tends to be qùshēng.  

scholarly journals About the melodic type of the song cubro maro and about its geographical diffusion

Muzikologija ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Jelena Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
The North ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wedding Songs ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Vital Element ◽  
Different Parts

The paper considers a melodic type which has been recognized in three regions in Serbia: as a melodic pattern for two spring songs in the region of Crnorecje (Eastern Serbia); in a strizbajska, a sluzbarska and in several wedding songs in the region of Presevo and Bujanovac (Southern Serbia); and in the old town of Prizren (Metohija region) where the same melodic type has been recorded as the first part of numerous wedding songs. These groups of variants are similar in the course of the melody, in their ritual function monophony and ceremonial character. They differ on the level of form, meter ornamentation and, partly, of metric organization (number of syllables) of the verse. The similarity of these melodies might be explained by the metanastic streams from the southern areas to the north. Migrations were permanent throughout the time of Turkish occupation (from the 15th century onwards). One of the oldest streams, which also led to the region of Crnorecje, had been formed in the regions of Kosovo and Metohija. The inhabitants from this region migrated both to the North - to different parts of North and East Serbia - and to the East - to the region of Presevo and Bujanovac. Also, the region of Presevo, together with two smaller river valleys (South Morava and Moravica), is considered to be a middle region between the two big river valleys of Morava and Vardar, significant as directions of migrations towards the North. It may be concluded that this melodic type was brought to the North by migrations as an important and still vital element of the old Southern Serbian ritual tradition. On the other hand, there is another group of variants within this melodic type diffused in other parts of Serbia, with the function of entertainment and in the physiognomy of the songs na bas - of newer rural Serbian vocal style. The trace of these variants should be investigated in the future.

scholarly journals Marcin syn Pawła z Gołocic (zm. 1448) – wikariusz katedry i notariusz kapituły gnieźnieńskiej, archidiakon i oficjał pomorski, skryptor kanonu mszalnego

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Marta Czyżak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
National Library ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article presents the person of Marcin son of Paweł of Gołocice, descendant of the minor gentry of Łęczyca. The author describes his career as notary (notary imperiali auctoritate, notary of the Gniezno consistory and chapter, surrogate of the Gniezno official and official of Pomerania) and beneficiary (parson of Borkowo, Sompolno and Staw, vicar of the Gniezno cathedral, Pomeranian archdeacon in the Włocławek chapter). On the one hand, emphasis is placed on Marcin’s personal talents which enabled him to perform various offices and functions in the service of the Gniezno college of vicars, cathedral and chapter (watchmaker, succentor of the cathedral choir, prefect of the construction of the cathedral). On the other hand, attention is drawn to the patronage of Władysław Oporowski, a Gniezno canon and bishop of Włocławek (1434-1449), thanks to whom Marcin of Gołocice, as one of three out of 106 vicars of the Gniezno cathedral, in the first half of the 15th century obtained prelature of the cathedral chapter and was nominated Pomeranian archdeacon in the Włocławek chapter.  Marcin of Gołocice is also the only known vicar-scriptor, the author of the inscription of the canon of the Holy Mass with a detailed Polish gloss in a manuscript which is now property of the National Library of Poland.

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