A Study on Surface Material Measures for Areal Surface Texture Measuring Instruments: Measuring Conditions for the Areal Profiling

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Nemoto ◽  
Kazuhisa Yanagi ◽  
Masato Aketagawa ◽  
D. Kanda ◽  
I. Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Gauge Data ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Areal Surface ◽  
Measurement Area ◽  
Area Data

This paper describes the software gauge data for surface texture standard using the non-causal 2D auto-regressive model (A-R model). This model can provide with 3D irregular surface topography and intentional geometrical characteristics from specified surface texture parameters. The measurement area consists of a periodical combination of the generated sampling area data. The surface roughness parameters introduced from the gauge data on a defined evaluation area can be insensitive to size and location of the evaluation area size. Adequate measuring conditions to utilize the surface material measures were investigated and then the evaluation area and sampling distance for areal profiling by a stylus instrument were clarified.

scholarly journals A Study on Surface Material Measures for Areal Surface Texture Measuring Instruments

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Kentaro NEMOTO ◽  
Kazuhisa YANAGI ◽  
Masato AKETAGAWA ◽  
Michimasa UCHIDATE ◽  
Ichiro YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Areal Surface

scholarly journals Correlation between surface texture and internal defects in laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Yonehara ◽  
Chika Kato ◽  
Toshi-Taka Ikeshoji ◽  
Koki Takeshita ◽  
Hideki Kyogoku
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Areal Surface

AbstractThe availability of an in-situ monitoring and feedback control system during the implementation of metal additive manufacturing technology ensures that high-quality finished parts are manufactured. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the surface texture and internal defects or density of laser-beam powder-bed fusion (LB-PBF) parts. In this study, 120 cubic specimens were fabricated via application of the LB-PBF process to the IN 718 Ni alloy powder. The density and 35 areal surface-texture parameters of manufactured specimens were determined based on the ISO 25,178–2 standard. Using a statistical method, a strong correlation was observed between the areal surface-texture parameters and density or internal defects within specimens. In particular, the areal surface-texture parameters of reduced dale height, core height, root-mean-square height, and root-mean-square gradient demonstrate a strong correlation with specimen density. Therefore, in-situ monitoring of these areal surface-texture parameters can facilitate their use as control variables in the feedback system.

scholarly journals Towards a new definition of areal surface texture parameters on freeform surface

Measurement ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pagani ◽  
Qunfen Qi ◽  
Xiangqian Jiang ◽  
Paul J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Freeform Surface ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areal Surface

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment of Selective Laser Melting Printed Ti-6Al-4V Specimens on Surface Texture Parameters and Cell Attachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Pei-Wen Peng ◽  
Jen-Chang Yang ◽  
Wei-Fang Lee ◽  
Chih-Yuan Fang ◽  
Chun-Ming Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Areal Surface

Selective laser melting (SLM) is extensively used for fabricating metallic biomedical products. After 3D printing, it is almost always advisable to apply a heat treatment to release the internal tensions or optimize the mechanical properties of the printed parts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of heat treatment of SLM printed Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) circular specimens on the areal surface texture parameters and cell attachment. Areal surface texture parameters, including the arithmetic mean height (Sa), root-mean-square height (Sq), skewness (Ssk), and kurtosis (Sku) were characterized. In addition, wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis was applied to investigate the characteristic length scales of untreated and heat-treated Ti64 specimens. In this study, the vertical distance between the highest and lowest position of cell attachment for each sampling area was defined as DH. Results showed that an increase in the periodic characteristic length scale was primarily due to the formation of large-scale aggregations of Ti64 metal powder particles on the heat-treated surface. In addition, MG-63 cells preferred lying in concave hollows; in heat-treated specimens, values of DH statistically significantly decreased from 31.6 ± 4.2 to 8.8 ± 2.8 μm, while Sku decreased from 3.3 ± 1.4 to 2.6 ± 0.6, indicating a strong influence of Sku on cell attachment.

Software measurement standards for areal surface texture parameters: part 1—algorithms

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 105008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Harris ◽  
I M Smith ◽  
R K Leach ◽  
C Giusca ◽  
X Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Software Measurement ◽  
Measurement Standards ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Areal Surface

scholarly journals Effect of Cut-Off, Evaluation Length, and Measurement Area in Profile and Areal Surface Texture Characterization of As-Built Metal Additive Manufactured Components

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5089
Author(s):  
Arun Prasanth Nagalingam ◽  
Moiz Sabbir Vohra ◽  
Pulkit Kapur ◽  
Swee Hock Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Random Roughness ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Texture Characterization ◽  
Areal Surface ◽  
Measurement Area ◽  
Metal Additive ◽  
Sem Analyses

Surface texture characterization of components built using additive manufacturing (AM) remains a challenge. The presence of various asperities and random roughness distributions across a surface poses several challenges to users in selecting an appropriate cut-off wavelength (λc), evaluation length (ln), and measurement area. This paper investigates a modified framework for surface texture characterization of AM components. First, the surface asperities in an AM component were identified through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The maximum diameter (φm) of the surface asperities were determined through image processing and were used as cut-off for surface texture evaluation. Second, another set of surface texture results were extracted using standard measurement procedures per ISO 4287, 4288, 25178-1, -2, and -3. Third, the investigative measurement framework’s effectiveness and suitability were explored by comparing the results with ISO standard results. Last, the effects of using non-standard cut-off wavelength, evaluation length, and measurement area during surface texture characterization were studied, and their percentage deviations from the standard values were discussed. The key findings prove that (a) the evaluation length could be compromised instead of cut-off, (b) measurement area must be 2.5 times the maximum asperity size present in the surface, and (c) it is possible to identify, distinguish, and evaluate specific features from the AM surface by selecting appropriate filters, thereby characterizing them specifically. The investigations and the obtained results serve as valuable data for users to select appropriate measurement settings for surface texture evaluation of AM components.

scholarly journals Analysis of dimensional accuracy for micro-milled areal material measures with kinematic simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Klauer ◽  
Matthias Eifler ◽  
Benjamin Kirsch ◽  
Volker Böß ◽  
Jörg Seewig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Micro Milling ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Kinematic Simulation ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Target Values ◽  
End Mills ◽  
Effective Tool Radius

AbstractThe calibration of areal surface topography measuring instruments is of high relevance to estimate the measurement uncertainty and to guarantee the traceability of the measurement results. Calibration structures for optical measuring instruments must be sufficiently small to determine the limits of the instruments.Besides other methods, micro-milling is a suitable process for manufacturing areal material measures. For the manufacturing by micro-milling with ball end mills, the tool radius (effective cutter radius) is the corresponding limiting factor: if the tool radius is too large to penetrate the concave profile details without removing the surrounding material, deviations from the target geometry will occur. These deviations can be detected and excluded before experimental manufacturing with the aid of a kinematic simulation.In this study, a kinematic simulation model for the prediction of the dimensional accuracy of micro-milled areal material measures is developed and validated. Subsequently, a radius study is conducted to determine how the tool radius r of the tool influences the dimensional accuracy of an areal crossed sinusoidal (ACS) geometry according to ISO 25178-70 [1] with a defined amplitude d and period length p. The resulting theoretical surface texture parameters are evaluated and compared to the target values. It was shown that the surface texture parameters deviate from the nominal values depending on the effective cutter radius used. Based on the results of the study, it can be determined with which effective tool radius the measurands Sa and Sq of the material measures are best met. The ideal effective radius for the application considered is between 50 and 75 μm.

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