Anodizing – A Key for Surface Treatment of Aluminium

2008 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Wielage ◽  
Gert Alisch ◽  
Thomas Lampke ◽  
Daniela Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Layer Composition

This article describes the flexibility and the potentials of the most important finish for aluminium-based materials. After a suggestion for the classification of anodizing processes, the historical development of the electrolytic anodic oxidation (EAO) and the plasma-electrolytic anodic oxidation (PAO) are presented. In the following section the focus is given on selected topics concerning the process parameters, the microstructure including the layer composition and properties. The variability of the anodizing process parameters and the used materials provide this variety of application. Furthermore, both differences and similarities of the EAO and PAO processes are shown. The conclusion of this review emphasizes that there is still some need for further research especially in the interaction of the process, the formed microstructure and the resulted properties determining the final application. Hence new possibilities for this surface treatment will be open.

Influence of process parameters on plasma electrolytic surface treatment of tantalum for biomedical applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Sowa ◽  
Maja Woszczak ◽  
Alicja Kazek-Kęsik ◽  
Grzegorz Dercz ◽  
Danila M. Korotin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

1. General Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lunney ◽  
Donal Nolan ◽  
Ken Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Law

This chapter first discusses the historical development of tort law, covering the origins of tort law; the forms of action; the development of fault-based liability; eighteenth-century developments; the classification of obligations; and the modern pre-eminence of negligence. It then turns to theories of tort, covering the aims of the law of tort and doctrinal classifications. Finally, the chapter considers modern influences on tort law, covering the influence of insurance; the influence of human rights; and concerns about ‘compensation culture’.

Simultaneous plasma-electrolytic anodic oxidation (PAO) of Al–Mg compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Alisch ◽  
D. Nickel ◽  
T. Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

Analysis on surface modification of orthodontic power chain by nanoimprinting process

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Hsing-Chung Cheng ◽  
Wan-Tin Lin ◽  
Yung-Kang Shen ◽  
Yen-Hsiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Water Absorbance

Abstract The traditional orthodontic power chain, usually made of polymer materials, exists some drawbacks, such as the reduction of elasticity due to swell after absorbing water and surface discoloration resulting from the patient’s diet, food, or beverage colors leading to poor appearance. The main purpose of this study was to develop surface modification on orthodontic power chain and to realize the properties change for improvement of its shortcomings. In this study, a template was produced by pure aluminum piece with anodized production (concave) through the nanoimprinting process fabricating nanostructures (convex) on the surface of power chain, resulting in surface modification of power chain. The different nanoimprinting process parameters (e.g., imprinting temperature, imprinting pressure, imprinting time, and demolding temperature) were used to produce nanostructures on the surface of power chain. The results of this study show that the contact angle of the power chain became larger after nanoimprinting surface treatment. The hydrophilic properties of power chain have been turned into hydrophobic properties. Unmodified power chain before water absorption is about 4%, while a modified water absorbance is about 2%–4%.

Effect of Plasma Electrolytic Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Characteristics of the Ti-6Al-4V in Acidic, Industrial and Marine Environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suresh ◽  
K. Pavankumar ◽  
N. Rameshbabu ◽  
K. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Titanium and its alloys find wide range of applications in aerospace, marine and automobile industries due to their excellent properties like high strength to weight ratio and good mechanical behaviour. Accordingly, the structural parts made of these alloys are being exposed to different corrosive environments. Therefore, the electrochemical stability of these structural parts needs to be significantly improved for their extended life time and effective functioning. The objective of the present work is to examine the effect of plasma electrolytic surface treatment in improving the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V in simulated acidic (0.5M H2SO4), marine (3.5% NaCl) and sulphur containing industrial (0.5M Na2SO4) environments. PEO is a relatively new technique for producing ceramic coatings on light metal alloys by employing higher voltage and current than anodizing. The Ti-6Al-4V was surface treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique for 12 min under optimized conditions of electrical processing parameters and electrolyte chemistry. The logically selected electrolyte system consisting of 10 g of tri-sodium ortho phosphate (Na3PO4.12H2O), 2 g of sodium meta silicate (Na2SiO3.9H2O) and 2 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in 1 L of double distilled water was employed. The decisively optimized electrical parameters were fixed as 75% for the duty cycle, 1500 Hz for the pulse frequency and 0.1 A/cm2 for the current density. The phase composition of the resulted coating was analyzed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The coating thickness and the elemental composition of the coating were assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion characteristics were determined by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements. The XRD results demonstrated that the resulted coatings consisted of both anatase and rutile phases. The SEM results showed a coating thickness of about 15 µm and a canal like surface morphology with inter-connected open pores over the coating surface. The potentiodynamic polarization test results, in general, showed a minimum of about two orders of magnitude improvement in the corrosion resistance of the treated Ti-6Al-4V compared to that of the untreated in all the three corrosive environments. The EIS test results exhibit comparatively higher AC impedance and higher bode angle over the entire frequency range indicating an improved corrosion resistance of the surface treated Ti-6Al-4V. Thus the plasma electrolytic surface treatment with optimized process parameters, made the Ti-6Al-4V electrochemically stable by significantly improving its corrosion resistance in all the three environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Private Acts of Parliament

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Sir Ivor Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Broad Subject

The article explains the role that Private Acts of Parliament have played and still play. It does so by recounting their historical development and then discussing some 70 Bills and their progress through the Parliamentary processes. The narrative follows a broad subject-matter classification of Private Bills which are promoted by private individuals, local institutions, companies, particular charities, associations and other corporate bodies for their own benefit, whereas Public Bills and Local Bills are directed to the functioning of Central Government and Local Government respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document