The Application of XRF in Field Monitoring on Digging Pb-Contaminated Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Nan Sun ◽  
An Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Song Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Pb Concentration

In this paper, a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is designed to monitor the digging process of Pb contaminated soil based on contaminated site remediation. This field monitoring method is applied to the project of Pb contaminated restoration site K. A full time program is designed for XRF to monitor the exceeded standard regions of Pb pollution during the digging contaminated soil. The acceptance monitoring results show that the Pb concentration of all original exceeded points are under the limit value 260mg/kg, and reach the requirement of environmental protection. This application results show that the portable XRF was designed effectively in field monitoring on heavy metal such as Pb, which realize the purpose of quickly identification and digging of contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Amendments on Heavy Metal Immobilization and Accumulation by Maize Grown in a Multiple-Metal-Contaminated Soil and Their Potential for Safe Crop Production

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Fayuan Wang ◽  
Shuqi Zhang ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Yuhuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Immobilization ◽  
Heavy Metal Immobilization

Soil amendments have been proposed for immobilizing metallic contaminants, thus reducing their uptake by plants. For the safe production of crops in contaminated soil, there is a need to select suitable amendments that can mitigate heavy metal uptake and enhance crop yield. The present experiment compared the effects of three amendments, hydroxyapatite (HAP), organic manure (OM), and biochar (BC), on plant growth and heavy metal accumulation by maize in an acidic soil contaminated with Cd, Pb, and Zn, and their potential for safe crop production. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by the amendments. The results showed that shoot and root biomass was significantly increased by HAP and 1% OM, with an order of 1% HAP > 0.1% HAP > 1% OM, but not changed by 0.1% OM and BC (0.1% and 1%). HAP significantly decreased Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in both shoots and roots, and the effects were more pronounced at the higher doses. OM decreased the shoot Cd and Pb concentrations and root Zn concentrations, but only 1% OM decreased the shoot Zn and root Pb concentrations. BC decreased the shoot Cd and Pb concentrations, but decreased the shoot Zn and root Pb concentrations only at 1%. HAP decreased the translocation factors (TFs) of Cd, Pb, and Zn (except at the 0.1% dose). OM and BC decreased the TFs of Cd and Zn, respectively, at the 1% dose but showed no significant effects in other cases. Overall, plant P, K, Fe, and Cu nutrition was improved by HAP and 1% OM, but not by 0.1 OM and BC. Soil pH was significantly increased by HAP, 1% OM, and 1% BC, following an order of 1% HAP > 1% OM > 0.1% HAP > 1% BC. The TCLP levels for Cd, Pb, and Zn were significantly reduced by HAP, which can be partly attributed to its liming effects and the formation of sparingly soluble Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-P-containing minerals in the HAP-amended soils. To some extent, all the amendments positively influenced plant and soil traits, but HAP was the optimal one for stabilizing heavy metals, reducing heavy metal uptake, and promoting plant growth in the contaminated soil, suggesting its potential for safe crop production.

scholarly journals Phytomanagement of a chromium-contaminated soil by a high-value plant: Phytostabilization of heavy metal contaminated site

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3545-3565
Author(s):  
Li-Li Ye ◽  
Yong-Shan Chen ◽  
Yu-Dao Chen ◽  
Lian-Wen Qian ◽  
Wen-Li Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cr Concentration

Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil can be an eco-friendly technology. However, relatively long cultivation times impedes its popularization on a commercial scale. This study evaluated the effectiveness of lavender plants (Lavandula dentata L.) to remediate a highly chromium (Cr)-contaminated site through a pot experiment. The lavender growing soil was mixed both with and without biochar (2.5% w/w) + oyster shell waste (2.5% w/w) and biochar (2.5% w/w) + citrus peel waste (2.5% w/w). The results indicated that Cr(VI) accounted for 19.0% to 4.7% of the total soil Cr, while Cr(III) accounted for 81.0% to 95.3%, from the beginning to the end of the cultivation. The water-soluble Cr concentration decreased from 44.6 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg. The biomass of the lavender growing in the contaminated soil decreased by factors in the range between 4-fold and 6-found.The addition of soil amendments significantly reduced the (potential) bioavailable Cr (p < 0.05) in the range of 2 to 3 fold, consequently improving the growth of lavender in the highly toxic soil. In addition, the soil amendments significantly reduced the Cr bioaccumulation and the translocation from the roots to the shoots. These results showed that the cultivation of lavender with suitable amendments can effectively be used for phytomanagement techniques in highly contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Heavy metal accumulation and antioxidant properties of Nephrolepis biserrata growing in heavy metal-contaminated soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-554 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Soil P

<div> <p>Antioxidant defense mechanisms are crucial for plants to survive under stress conditions. We investigated the capacity of a wild fern species, <em>Nephrolepis biserrata,</em> growing in the vicinity of industrial land to accumulate heavy metals, and assessed its antioxidative response under metal stress. The soils in this particular area were highly contaminated with zinc followed by lead and copper. As control, <em>N. biserrata</em> located 10 km away from the industrial area were collected and assessed. <em>N. biserrata</em> from the contaminated sites accumulated metals in their tissues in similar descending order of zinc&gt;lead&gt;copper. The values of bioaccumulation factor between 0 to 0.1 indicate <em>N. biserrata</em> as a moderate accumulator for the tested metals. For the enzymatic antioxidant assays, the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly higher in <em>N. biserrata</em> from contaminated soil compared to control, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was not differ significantly in plants from both sites. We also detected higher contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in <em>N. biserrata</em> collected from contaminated site compared to control. Our HPLC analysis revealed higher levels of myricetin and kaempferol in plant samples from the contaminated area. Our study verified the capacity of <em>N. biserrata</em> to scavenge oxygen radicals when exposed to heavy metal stress. Such ability to tolerate stressful condition suggests that the plant is a potential metal phytoremediator.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Determination of Pb-Contamination and Remediation Boundary Based on a Specific Site

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
An Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Nan Sun ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Xiao Song Sun ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pb Contamination ◽  
Surfer Software ◽  
Reliable Basis

In the remediation of heavy metal contaminated site, determining the remediation boundary of contaminated site and amount of contaminated soil are important link of the entire work. This paper uses surfer software to draw out a picture of Pb-contamination distribution in different soil layers, determines a remediation boundary, and provides a reliable basis and brings great convenience for later repair work.

scholarly journals FITOREMEDIASI TANAH TERCEMAR LOGAM TIMBAL (Pb) MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria trifasciata) DAN JENGGER AYAM (Celosia plumosa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Rhenny Ratnawati ◽  
Risna Dwi Fatmasari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pb Concentration

Soil is a very influential medium of human survival. One of the parameters affecting soil quality is heavy metal concentration in soil, especially heavy metal of lead (Pb). High concentrations of Pb in the soil can treated with phytoremediation techniques. The aims of this research are: 1. To investigate the reduction of heavy metal Pb in the soil by phytoremediation, 2. To investigate the effectiveness of plants to absorb heavy metal Pb in the soil, and 3. To investigate the distribution of Pb concentration in the plant parts. The study variables used in this research are species variation of plants Sansevieria trifasciata and Celosia pulmosa. Phytoremediation test of Pb heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out for 4 weeks with sampling time on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The parameters analyzed of this research is Pb concentrations on soil and plant parts, namely roots, stems, leaf. Physical observations of plants were also carried out to support this research. The results show that the reactor with Sansevieria trifasciata had a higher effectiveness of removal of Pb in 81.08% (112 mg/kg) than Celosia pulmosa in 59.63% (293 mg/kg). The effectiveness of the absorption of Sansevieria trifasciata was higher 70.50% (418 mg/kg) than Celosia pulmosa 52.40% (311 mg/kg). The distribution of Pb concentrations in the plant of Sansevieria trifasciata and Celosia pulmosa is almost the same, with the most concentration being in the root part and at least scattered in the leaves of the plant. Keywords: Celosia pulmosa, Soil, Lead, Phytoremediation, Sanseviera trifasciata.

scholarly journals Measuring heavy metal content in bone using portable X-ray fluorescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Little ◽  
Victoria Florey ◽  
Irma Molina ◽  
Douglas W. Owsley ◽  
Robert J. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Portable Xrf ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Xrf Analyses

The ability of inorganic-based analytical chemistry techniques to quantify trace amounts of heavy metals in skeletal remains has been integral for understanding health and social status in human populations. Low detection limits and the sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and other techniques to most elements on the periodic table are ideally suited for the quantification of lead (Pb) and other heavy metals in bone. However, the time required for sample preparation and analysis, expense, destructive analytical process, and availability of instrumentation often limit researchers’ ability to utilise these techniques for archaeological applications. This paper explores the use of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation for heavy metal analysis of bone as an alternative to more traditional analytical techniques. XRF has been shown to be an extremely useful tool for archaeologists seeking to conduct quantitative analyses of cultural materials such as obsidian and metals. However, little research has been undertaken to assess the usefulness of portable XRF for measuring heavy metals found in low concentrations in archaeological bone. This paper compares data derived from ICP-MS and portable XRF analyses of bone. Results demonstrate that XRF analyses of bone are problematic due to diagenesis and variability of Pb content in bone.

A synchrotron X-ray study of the electron density in C-type rare earth oxides

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Maslen ◽  
V. A. Streltsov ◽  
N. Ishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Approximate Symmetry ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Deformation Electron Density ◽  
Synthetic Crystals

Structure factors for small synthetic crystals of the C-type rare earth (RE) sesquioxides Y2O3, Dy2O3 and Ho2O3 were measured with focused λ = 0.7000 (2) Å, synchrotron X-radiation, and for Ho2O3 were re-measured with an MoKα (λ = 0.71073 Å) source. Approximate symmetry in the deformation electron density (Δρ) around a RE atom with pseudo-octahedral O coordination matches the cation geometry. Interactions between heavy metal atoms have a pronounced effect on the Δρ map. The electron-density symmetry around a second RE atom is also perturbed significantly by cation–anion interactions. The compounds magnetic properties reflect this complexity. Space group Ia{\bar 3}, cubic, Z = 16, T = 293 K: Y2O3, Mr = 225.82, a = 10.5981 (7) Å, V = 1190.4 (2) Å3, Dx = 5.040 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 37.01 mm−1, F(000) = 1632, R = 0.067, wR = 0.067, S = 9.0 (2) for 1098 unique reflections; Dy2O3, Mr = 373.00, a = 10.6706 (7) Å, V = 1215.0 (2) Å3, Dx = 8.156 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 44.84 mm−1, F(000) = 2496, R = 0.056, wR = 0.051, S = 7.5 (2) for 1113 unique reflections; Ho2O3, Mr = 377.86, a = 10.606 (2) Å, V = 1193.0 (7) Å3, Dx = 8.415 Mg m−3, μ 0.7 = 48.51 mm−1 F(000) = 2528, R = 0.072, wR = 0.045, S = 9.2 (2) for 1098 unique reflections of the synchrotron data set.

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