Process Planning of Gear Rolling with the Finite Element Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 986-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Khodaee ◽  
Arne Melander

Gear rolling is a new gear manufacturing process which can partly replace traditional gear milling processes. High gear wheels with modules of 4mm up to 6mm are of interest to truck manufacturing. The process is of interest since it involves no material removal and since it has the potential to give good performance of the gear wheels. The process must be adopted for the large plastic deformations which occur for gear rolling with large modules. In this paper special emphasis will be put to loads and torques during the gear rolling process of gear wheels with large modulus. The FE method will be used to model the plastic deformation process to fully form a gear wheel with the gear rolling method. The radial and axial loads and the torques in this process are predicted. The loads of the process are high compared to the situation for small gear wheels so simulation of load level is essential for the design of rolling machines for high gears.

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Khodaee ◽  
Arne Melander

Gear rolling is a manufacturing technique for gears with many advantages like reduced material consumption, reduced scrap generation, fast cycle times, good surface quality and improved final properties of the gear wheels compared to conventional production technology based on machining. In order to make use of all these advantages it is desired to reach the final shape of the gear wheel already after rolling. This means that post treatments like grinding should be avoided. This puts high requirements on the shape accuracy after gear rolling. In this paper it was studied if finite element simulation could be used to evaluate the shape accuracy after gear rolling. The measurement of shape accuracy of gear wheels is specified in standards like ISO1328-1. The allowed deviations from nominal shape are often of the order of 10-30 μm for very good qualities. So if such evaluation shall be possible from a finite element simulation the accuracy must be of the same order. In order to have sufficient accuracy of the finite element simulation 2D simulations were performed on a spur gear. The FE code DEFORM was utilized. The shape accuracy was evaluated for gear rolling of two cases. One case had gears with the module of 1 mm. The other case involved gears with a significantly larger module of 4 mm. This was an interesting case since it is known that it is more difficult to roll the gear with good accuracy in large modules.


2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Khodaee ◽  
Arne Melander

The manufacturing of machine components with sustainable and innovative methods is an interesting topic for research. Gears are some components which have complexity in both design and production technology. Therefore applying innovative methods on gear manufacturing can be of interest to industry. One of the most promising production methods for gear wheels is Gear Rolling. The gear wheel is formed during a certain rolling process from a cylindrical blank into the final designed shape. The process of gear rolling with rotational gears is progressing by running several rolling cycles with one, or two dies in contact with a work-piece. A specified rotational speed and radial feed speed is applied to the dies in order to form the required geometry on the blank. In this paper, the authors have simulated the process with the finite element code, DEFORM 3D. Especially the effects of reversal cycles on final gear wheel geometry have been evaluated from the simulations. Different settings for the rotation direction of the dies have been used and the effects are evaluated with specific quality criteria.


Author(s):  
В.В. Куц ◽  
А.А. Панин ◽  
Д.Н. Тютюнов ◽  
К.В. Жилина

Предлагается краткий обзор промышленного производства червячных фрез. Показано, что повышение качества и производительности изготовления зубчатых колес является необходимым условием снижения себестоимости и расширения объемов производства зубчатых колес на отечественных предприятиях. Главным требованием, предъявляемым к зубьям данной фрезы, является то, чтобы в результате заточки по передней поверхности, которая лежит в осевой плоскости фрезы, профиль зубьев сохранялся до почти полного их износа. Поэтому особое внимание уделяется выбору кривой затылования с учётом целого ряда факторов, способствующих совершенствованию процесса обработки. Отмечено, что затылование имеет ряд преимуществ, в сравнении с острой заточкой фрез. Изложен новый подход к проектированию рабочей оснастки для обработки малых колес циклоидной передачи и исследованы теоретически допустимые интервалы изменения задних углов при затыловании. Установлено, что несмотря на преимущества циклоидальной фрезы перед другими типами затылованных фрез в скорости и точности обработки, она имеет один недостаток - довольно малый промежуток применимости на дуге циклоиды. На основе существующих подходов разработан вариант затылования зубьев червячной фрезы по циклоиде The article provides an overview of the industrial production of hob cutters. We show that improving the quality and productivity of gear wheel manufacturing is a necessary condition for reducing the cost and expanding the production of gear wheels at domestic enterprises. The main requirement for the teeth of this cutter is that, as a result of sharpening on the front surface, which lies in the axial plane of the cutter, the profile of the teeth remains sharp until they are almost completely worn out. Therefore, we paid special attention to the choice of the relief curve, taking into account a number of factors that contribute to the improvement of the processing process. We note that relief has a number of advantages in comparison with sharpening of cutters. We give a new approach to the design of working equipment for processing small cycloidal wheels and investigate the theoretically permissible intervals of variation of the rear angles during relief. We established that despite the advantages of a cycloidal cutter over other types of undercut cutters in terms of speed and machining accuracy, it has one drawback - a rather small range of applicability on the cycloid arc. On the basis of existing approaches, we developed a variant of the relief of the teeth of the worm cutter along the cycloid


2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviu Berbinschi ◽  
Gabriel Frumuşanu ◽  
Virgil Gabriel Teodor ◽  
Nicolae Oancea

Tools which generate by enveloping using the rolling method may be profiled using various methods. The substitutive circles family method is a complementary method developed based a specifically theorem, in which is determined a family of circles associated with the blank’s centrode, family which envelop the profile to be generate. The method assumes the determination of the circles family, transposed in the rolling process between the blank and tool centrodes. In this paper is proposed an algorithm for curling surfaces in enveloping, associated with a pair of rolling circular centrodes. The graphical algorithm is based on the representation of the circles family enveloped the blank’s profile. It is generated the circles family transposed on the centrode associated with the gear shaped cutter and is determined a new position of contact points with the blank. The assembly of these points forms the profile of the gear shaped cutter. The numerical data proof the proposed method quality.


2006 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gawroński ◽  
J. Sawicki

Selection of proper technological surface layer well resistant to cyclic external loads superposed onto residual stresses is presented in this paper, with a gear wheel taken as an example. The computer simulations of external loads were carried out by means of the FEM method (Finite Element Method) with the use of the ANSYS package. Residual stresses were measured by means of the Waisman-Philips and modified X-ray sin2Ψ method. The results of the stress superposition were verified experimental by with use of a circulating power stand. The applied low pressure nitiriding method NITROVAC demonstrated a high ability to increase the durability and reliability of the discussed toothed wheel in comparison with the convencional treatment applied so far.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Herman Susanto ◽  
Sunardi Tjandra

Wire is a complement material on the manufacturing product. Therefore, the wire processes usually bestowed to the middle-low industry. Cutting and straightening wire processes are the most basic process for wire materials. In the middle-small industry, demand of wire materials is 150 kg per day. Seeing this potential, the design of a wire straightening mechanism for middle-low industries is necessary to maximize productivity. The main purpose of wire straightening mechanism design is calculating roll diameters and placement to obtain appropriate rolling force. In designing this wire straightening mechanism, the raw materials are used 3 mm SAE 304 (UNS S30400) Galvanized. The rolling method used in this mechanism is Three-Roll Bending. The empirical method is used on this analysis. Based on the analytical results, roll used on this mechanism are 5 pieces or equal with 3 cycle of rolling process with 40 mm of diameters. The vertical gap between center of rolls is 41.5 mm with 54 mm horizontal gap. Rolling force produced by the analytical roll dimension is 1608.69 N/cycle and that’s enough to give plastic deformation on the 3 mm SAE 304 (UNS S30400) Galvanized wire.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
S Sivák ◽  
S Maláková

Abstract The development of modern machines and means of production is characterized by ever-increasing performance parameters with decreasing equipment weight. When designing large gears, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the body shape of the gear wheel. The body shape of gear wheel must meet the basic requirements of stiffness and strength with the lightest possible construction of the gear wheel body. The work is focused on large gears, made with relief. Such gears can be forged, cast, or made by welding. The shape of the gear wheel body depends on several factors such as the size of the wheel, the material, the method of manufacture or use. The paper provides an overview of the body shapes used by large spur gears. These body shapes of spur gears will be the subject of further research, where suitability will be assessed based on stiffness of teeth and wheel weight.


Author(s):  
O. Pilipenko ◽  
D. Kolesnik ◽  
A. Berezniak ◽  
R. Kholodnyi

The types and methods of modifications of teeth and gear wheels, which have found application in gearboxes of aircraft and helicopters, are presented. Features of geometry, parameters of different types of initial produced contours, their modifications, application and influence of various factors on improving the operational characteristics of gear drives of aviation gearboxes are considered. Arcuate (short and long) and short linear options for modifying the tooth profiles of aircraft gearboxes are best suited to absorb the errors of spur gears. There was no significant difference in the use of short and long correction for a relative decrease in temperature in the contact zone of the wheel teeth, therefore, the use of any correction of the tooth profile, with rare exceptions, turns out to be useful. The advantages of using increased profile angles in comparison with the standard ones used in general mechanical engineering are considered. Development of designs of teeth and gear wheels in aircraft gearboxes, the use of gears with teeth of an asymmetric profile, which can be considered as a cardinal modification of the tooth profiles. The use of such gears increases the strength of the teeth due to the increase in the thickness of the teeth. Unsymmetrical teeth have a large thickness at the tip, which reduces teeth chipping and due to their greater height, greater smoothness of engagement is achieved, bending and contact stresses are reduced. The most radical type of modification is the use of asymmetric profiles of the teeth of the wheels of aircraft gearboxes.


Author(s):  
V. Ramamurti ◽  
A. Bhattacharya ◽  
S. Manjula

Abstract A computer aided analysis of a heavy duty fabricated gear wheel is presented. The concept of CYCLIC SYMMETRY and the SKYLINE APPROACH are exploited to reduce the computer memory and time. Static and Eigen value analyses are conducted. This is followed by a Quasi Static analysis which gives an idea of the Dynamic behaviour of the gear wheel. The emphasis has been on the use of the PC for solving this industrial problem.


Author(s):  
V. Ramamurti ◽  
M. Subramaniam ◽  
B. Shanker

Abstract A computer aided method of analysis of the web portion of a spur gear is presented. The cyclic symmetric concept is used for solving the problem of the steady state stress analysis (asymmetric loading) when the gear is subjected to a concentrated edge load due to the mating tooth. The effect of cut-outs in the web is studied. The response of the web to a moving load is investigated. The ratio of the forcing frequency to the fundamental frequency of the gear wheel being small, the moving load is approximated as a static load acting at different points. The influence of radial ribs on the behaviour of the gear is also studied.


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