Multi-Stage Cold Deep Drawing of Pure Titanium Square Cup

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1072-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada ◽  
Minoru Ueyama
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Multi Stage

This paper deals with the formability of pure titanium sheet in square cup deep drawing. Pure titanium has very excellent corrosion resistance. In the metal forming process, pure titanium has very good ductility in cold forming. The normal anisotropy of pure titanium is very high. Therefore, the property is suitable to the sheet metal forming, such as deep drawing process. However, the most important problem is that the occurrence of seizure becomes remarkable in severe forming operations. Many investigations on the effect of processing conditions on the seizure of titanium were carried out. In the present study, the formability of pure titanium sheet in square cup deep drawing was investigated. For the prevention, pure titanium sheets were treated by heat oxide coating. The fresh and clean titanium is not in direct contact with the die during the forming due to the existence of the oxide layer. The material was pure titanium sheets of the JIS grade 2. The initial thickness of the blank was 0.5 mm in thickness. In the deep drawing process, the sheets were employed and a flat sheet blank is formed into a square by a punch. Forming of sheet by multi-stage deep drawing was tried. Various cups were drawn by exchanging the punch and die. The die was taper without a blankholder in the subsequent stages. The effects of the intermediate annealing and tool shape on the occurrence of seizure in square cup deep drawing were also examined. The square cups were successfully drawn by heat oxide coating. The coating of titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multi-stage deep drawing operation. The results of the present study revealed that the pure titanium square cups were successfully formed by using heat oxide coating treatment.

Deep Drawability of Ti/Steel/Ti Laminated Sheets

2018 ◽  
Vol 920 ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada ◽  
Hiroto Ono ◽  
Yuki Nishikubo
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Clad Steel

Cladding is the bonding together of dissimilar metals. One of clad products is the titanium clad steel sheet. It is effective to cover with pure titanium sheet to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel sheet. Titanium clad steel sheets are often achieved by rolling sheets together under high pressure. In the current study, the blank comprising three laminar non-bonded sheets, such as the titanium/steel/titanium sheet, is arranged in the die. The formability of pure titanium clad sheet by multistage deep drawing was investigated to enhance corrosion resistance of steel cup. In the experiment, the blanks were pure titanium sheets JIS1-TP270, JIS2-TP340, ultralow-carbon steel SPCC, and stainless steel SUS316L. The initial thickness of the sheet was 0.2 to 0.5 mm in thickness. The blank diameter was 70 mm. The blanks are merely adjacent sheet; however, not joined with each other. In the deep drawing process, a hydraulic press was used in the experiment and the forming speed for the press was about 10 mm/min. The lubricant used was the solid powders of molybdenum disulfide. For the prevention, pure titanium blank was treated by oxide coating. The conditions of heat treatment were annealed at 973 K for 3.6 ks to 7.2 ks. By oxide coating, the titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multistage deep drawing. The drawn cups of the three-layer laminated sheet were formed. The seizure did not cause. The oxidatively-treated titanium sheets have sufficient ability in preventing the seizure. In addition, the clad cups until 6th stage were formed by multistage deep drawing. Long clad cups were successfully formed in multistage deep drawing process.

Optimization of Deep Drawing Processes Using Statistical Design of Experiments

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Bauer ◽  
Regine Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Drawing Force ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Metal Forming Process

Abstract For a deep drawing process some important controllable variables (factors) upon the maximum drawing force are analyzed to find a setting adjustment for these process factors that provides a very low force for the metal forming process. For this investigation an orthogonal array L18 with three-fold replication is used. To find the optimum of the process, the experimental results are analyzed in accordance with the robust-design-method according to Taguchi (Liesegang et. al., 1990). For this purpose, so-called Signal-to-Noise-ratios are calculated. The analysis of variance for this S/N-ratios leads to a mathematical model for the deep drawing process. This model allows to find the pressumed optimal settings of the investigated factors. In the following, a confirmation experiment is carried out by using these optimal settings. The maximum drawing force of the confirmation experiment does not correspond with the confidence interval, which was calculated by analysis of variance techniques. So the predicted optimum of the process does not lead to a metal forming process with very low deep drawing force. The comparison with a full factorial plan shows that there are interactions between the investigated factors. These interactions could not be discovered by the used orthogonal array. Thus the established mathematical model does not describe the relation between the factors and deep drawing force in accordance with the practical deep drawing conditions.

Formability of Pure Titanium Long-Cup by Multi-Stage Deep Drawing

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada ◽  
Toshiyuki Araki ◽  
Takahiro Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Multi Stage

The pure titanium long-cups were formed by preventing the seizing in cold multi-stage deep drawing processes. For the prevention, pure titanium sheets were treated by heating oxide coating. The coating is very effective in preventing the occurrence of seizure and galling. The fresh and clean titanium is not in direct contact with the die during the forming due to the existence of the oxide layer. In multi-stage deep drawing, pure titanium sheets of the JIS grade 2 was employed. Various cups were drawn by exchanging the punch and ringed die. The die was flat in the first stage, and was taped without a blankholder in the subsequent stages. The effects of the coating conditions on the occurrence of seizure in multi-stage deep drawing were examined. It was found that the coating titanium sheet has sufficient ability in preventing the seizure in multi-stage deep drawing processes. The pure titanium long-cups were successfully formed by a multi-stage deep drawing operation in cold.

Formability of Beta Titanium Alloy in Multi-Stage Deep Drawing Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Yasunori Harada ◽  
Kenzo Fukaura ◽  
Kenichiro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Multi Stage

In the multi-stage deep drawing processes of a beta titanium alloy sheet, the formability has been investigated. The beta titanium alloy sheets have sufficient ductility at room temperature, whereas a seizure tends to occur during deep drawing due to high reactivity with other materials. To prevent the seizure, the beta titanium alloy sheet was treated by oxide coating heating, because the coated sheet was not in direct contact with the die during deep drawing due to the existence of the oxide layer. The blank used was the commercial beta titanium alloy Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al. The effect of the coating condition on the formability in the multi-stage deep drawing process was examined. It was found that long drawn cups with a height sixfold that of the diameter were successfully formed by oxide coating heating.

Investigation on Friction Coefficient Considering Al-Si Coating Layer Fracture of Boron Sheets in Hot and Cold Deep Drawing

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Min Sik Lee ◽  
Jun Park ◽  
J.S.Suresh Babu ◽  
Chung Gil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process

In this paper, hot and cold deep drawing processes are determined with direct deep drawing process and indirect deep drawing process. To predict the friction coefficient, the finite-element method, which can predict deformation behavior until the fracture of a blank sheet, was proposed using the forming limit diagram (FLD) curve. The effect of fracturing of the coating layer on the friction coefficient during the hot and cold deep drawing processes was investigated. The deformation behavior of the coating layer of the boron steel sheet that affects the friction coefficient in the hot and cold deep drawing processes was also proposed. A forming method that can control the surface condition of the formed product is further proposed by explaining the fracture of the coating due to the forming process.

scholarly journals A Consistent Relationship between the Stress and Plastic Strain Components and Its Application in Deep Drawing Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Xianrong Qin ◽  
Yuantao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Consistent Relationship ◽  
Strain Components

As von Mises yield criterion and associated flow rule (AFR) are widely applied in metal forming field, a semitotal deformation consistent relationship between the stress and plastic strain components and the rule of dimensional changes of metal forming processes in a plane-stress state are obtained on the basis of them in this paper. The deduced consistent relationship may be easily used in forming interval of the workpiece. And the rule of dimensional changes can be understood through three plastic strain incremental circles on which the critical points can be easily determined on the same basis. Analysis of stress and plastic strain evolution of aluminum warm deep drawing process is conducted, and the advantage of nonisothermal warm forming process is revealed, indicating that this method has the potential in practical large deformation applications.

Effect of the Blank-Holding Load on the Drawing Force in the Deep-Drawing Process of Cylindrical and Square Cups

2015 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Lazarescu ◽  
Ioan Nicodim ◽  
Dan Sorin Comsa ◽  
Dorel Banabic
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Drawing Force ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Blank Holding Force

In this study, the influence of the blank-holding force (BHF) on the drawing force (DF) in the deep-drawing process of cylindrical and square cups has been investigated experimentally. For this purpose, different constant and variable BHFs have been applied to AA6016-T4 aluminum alloy and DC04 steel sheets during the forming process. It has been observed that an increased constant BHF leads to an increase of DF. On the other hand, the variable BHF approach, in which the BHF decreases in six steps throughout the punch stroke, reduces the DF.

scholarly journals Advanced Techniques used in Numerical Simulation for Deep-drawing Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Valentin Oleksik ◽  
Radu Breaz ◽  
Gabriel Racz ◽  
Paul Dan Brindasu ◽  
Octavian Bologa
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Deep Drawing Process

The present paper analyse the main characteristics of the numerical simulation by finite element method of the deep-drawing processes. Also the authors’ highlights the mathematical apparatus and the calculus method used for numerical simulations of metal forming processes in many of the current simulation software. The authors present the capabilities of the inverse analysis, direct analysis, implicit analysis (for springback simulation) and the optimisation analysis applied to explicit formulations.

Effect of Blank Holder Force with Low Frequency Vibration Technique in Circular-Cup Deep-Drawing Using AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 2785-2789
Author(s):  
Naoki Horiike ◽  
Shoichiro Yoshihara ◽  
Yoshitaka Tsuji ◽  
Yusuke Okude
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Blank Holder Force ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Deep Drawing Process ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Friction Performance

In the deep-drawing process, the application of low-frequency vibration to the blank material has recently been focused on with the aim of improving the friction performance between the die and the blank material. A servo-controlled press machine is suitable for applying low-frequency vibration to the blank during the deep-drawing process, because the punch speed and blank holder force (BHF) are easily controlled as process parameters by using the servo motors. In this study, a BHF with low-frequency vibration was proposed as a technique for improving deep-drawability, which is mainly affected by the friction performance and the lubricant condition. We found that the friction performance between the blank surface and the blank holder was decreased in the case of a BHF with low-frequency vibration since the lubricating oil rapidly flowed into the clearance during the forming process. Furthermore, for a BHF with low-frequency vibration, the punch force and the deformation resistance were lower than those in a deep-drawing test without low-frequency vibration.

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