The Dissolution of Wool in Alkali Solution and the Changes of Fiber Structure and Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Cai Zhao ◽  
Xu Liang Zhao ◽  
Zhi Hua Cui ◽  
Wei Guo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Wool Keratin

The dissolution of wool in 4g/L NaOH solution at 65°C is used to be a standard test method for the damage of wool in the processing. This suggests that alkali can cause wool keratin and the linkage between molecule chains broken. Fortunately, the dissolution of wool at low temperature is mainly limited on the surface scales because the swelling of wool in water solution at lower temperature is quite small. In this paper, the dissolution of wool in alkali solution and the changes of the fiber structure and performance at different temperature were investigated. The results showed clearly that the wool surface keratin could be dissolved in different extent with the varying of the temperature and this could be applied to develop an AOX free modification of wool for shrinkage resistance.

scholarly journals Best practices for selection and application of firefighting foam

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Rakowska
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Performance Effectiveness ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inappropriate Choice

The article provides studies concerning the selection for the usage of firefighting foam in the aspect of human, property, environmental safety and sustainable development. Foam concentrates are products of the chemical industry, which, due to the type of raw materials, technology, usage method and waste disposal involved, are an important element of the industrial and environmental safety. Considering the range of extinguishing concentrates available on the market, with their different scope and performance effectiveness, it is necessary to responsibly plan purchases of required extinguishing agents. For testing all types of firefighting foam agent: synthetic, aqueous film forming, protein, fluoroprotein and fluoroprotein film forming concentrates were used. The standard test method ISO 7203-1:2011 for low-expansion foams used for the control, extinction and inhibition of reignition of fires of water-immiscible liquids was applied. The use of an appropriately selected and properly concentrated firefighting foam to extinguish a fire allows decreasing the duration of the fire and its consequences for the environment. The amount of used extinguishing agents will be substantially smaller. In the article the impact of considered use of firefighting foams on their effectiveness and potential dangers resulting from an inappropriate choice was shown.

Study on Sintering Technology and Performance of Alite-Rich Cement Modified by C1.5Sr2.5A3S Mineral

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 970-974
Author(s):  
Gui Qiang Li ◽  
Shou De Wang ◽  
Chao Nan Yin ◽  
Ling Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance

The effects of the sintering temperature, sintering time and contents of calcium strontium suphoaluminate (C1.5Sr2.5A3) on the sintering technology of the alite-rich cement clinker modified by C1.5Sr2.5A3were researched by the orthogonal test method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and lithofacies analysis were used to investigate the compositions and structure of cement. The experimental results show that the optimal sintering temperature and sintering time of alite-rich cement clinker modified by C1.5Sr2.5A3are 1350 °C and 60 min, and the appropriate content of C1.5Sr2.5A3in the clinker is 2%. The introduction of C1.5Sr2.5A3in clinker can promote the formation of alite mineral at low temperature and decrease the sintering temperature of clinker by 100°C approximately. This new-type cement shows excellent mechanics properties. The compressive strength at 3d is up to 64.3MPa, which is increased by 26.7% comparing to that of alite-rich cement and the compressive strength at 28d is almost the same as that of alite-rich cement. For alite-rich cement clinker modified by C1.5Sr2.5A3calcinated at low temperature, alite still can be mass-formed, but the size decreases.

scholarly journals Efficacy Evaluation of Skin Care ProductsUsing PhabrOmeter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Pan ◽  
Melissa Lum ◽  
Brian Tran
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
American Association ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Standard Testing ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Skin Samples

Current instrumental technology in evaluating performance of skin care creams is still rather limited and there are no industrial standard testing equipment, method and performance specifications for it.  In this paper, we report our attempt in using an instrument called PhabrOmeter for this purpose. PhabrOmeter is a commercialized instrument for sensory performance evaluation of textiles, leather, paper and nonwoven and has been designated by American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) as a standard test method for textiles, AATCC TM 202 in 2013.    By adopting artificial skin samples treated with skin care creams, we have developed a procedure to apply this instrument for evaluation of skin care creams from sample preparation, measurement to data analysis and interpretation. The results using commercial skin care creams to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this instrument are provided.

Effect of Soaking Time in Alkali Solution on the Interfacial Shear Strength of Cantala Fiber/Recycled HDPE Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisnu R. Wijang ◽  
Heru Sukanto ◽  
Miftahul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Naoh Solution

The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between natural fibers and thermoplastics matrix is one of the key parameters to increase the mechanical properties of composites. IFSS can be improved by alkali treatment. Therefore, the research is to investigate the influence of IFSS soaking time in alkali solution of cantala fiber/Recycled High Density Polyethylene (RHDPE) composites. Experimentally, cantala fiber/RHDPE composites were manufactured by simple hot press machine. Alkali treatment on the surface of cantala fibers was carried out on 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for a period time, i.e., 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours. The IFSS value of composites was observed using single fiber pullout test method. The result shows that the increase of soaking time in alkali solution could improve IFSS of cantala fiber/RHDPE composites by 43%.

Comparison of short- and long-term ASR test methods on cementitious composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Burak Sivrikaya ◽  
İlhami Demir ◽  
Özer Sevim
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Concrete has a significant place in construction structures, is a material that can be easily damaged due to incorrect design, incorrect material selection. Concrete may be damaged by physical and chemical factors. One of these factors is the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). ASTM C1260, is a short-term test method, and ASTM C227, is a long-term test method, are used to measure effect of alkali-silica reaction. In this study, the effect of fly ash additive use with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% replacement of cement was investigated in short- and long-term ASR test methods. For this purpose, while samples prepared for ASTM C1260 were kept in NaOH solution 14-days, samples prepared for ASTM C227 were waited 360-days in normal water solution. As a result; mortar bars with 20% fly ash additive ratio were classified as harmless for ASR in both test methods.

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