Overlay Welding on Titanium and 304 Stainless Steel Using ERNiCu-7 Filler Metal by GTAW Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 728 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Thonondaeng ◽  
Ghit Laungsopapun ◽  
Kittichai Fakpan ◽  
Krittee Eidhed
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Bead Width ◽  
Gtaw Process ◽  
Overlay Welding ◽  
Cp Ti

Single pass overlay welding of the ERNiCu-7 filler metal on the commercial pure titanium grade 2 and the 304 stainless steel using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process was studied. The ERNiCu-7 filler metal was overlay welded on the base metals with varying welding currents; it was 30A, 40A and 50A for the CP-Ti base metal and 50A, 60A and 70A for the 304SS base metal. The experimental results showed that the overlay CP-Ti welded-specimen, increasing of welding current increased bead width and decreased depth of penetration of weldment. While for the 304SS welded-specimen, increasing of welding current increased both bead width and depth of penetration. Suitable heat inputs to achieve good geometry of weldment for overlay welding were 348J/mm for CP-Ti welded-specimen and 558J/mm for 304SS welded-specimen.

Development of Mathematical Models for Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry of GTAW Stainless Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
S.M. Ravikumar ◽  
P. Vijian
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Weld Bead Geometry ◽  
Bead Width

Welding input process parameters are playing a very significant role in determining the weld bead quality. The quality of the joint can be defined in terms of properties such as weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Experiments were conducted to develop models, using a three factor, five level factorial design for 304 stainless steel as base plate with ER 308L filler wire of 1.6 mm diameter. The purpose of this study is to develop the mathematical model and compare the observed output values with predicted output values. Welding current, welding speed and nozzle to plate distance were chosen as input parameters, while depth of penetration, weld bead width, reinforcement and dilution as output parameters. The models developed have been checked for their adequacy. Confirmation experiments were also conducted and the results show that the models developed can predict the bead geometries and dilution with reasonable accuracy. The direct and interaction effect of the process parameters on bead geometry are presented in graphical form.

Dissimilar Metals Welding of CP Titanium to 304 Stainless Steel Using GTAW Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanaporn Thonondaeng ◽  
Kittichai Fakpan ◽  
Krittee Eidhed
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Gtaw Process

This study involves V-groove butt welding of CP Titanium to 304 stainless steel by the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process without and with buttering layer at the 304 stainless steel base metal. ERCuSn-A and ERNiCu-7 were chosen as a filler metals. Investigations including visual testing (VT), microhardness testing and metallurgical analysis were carried out by means of variable welding parameters. The experimental results showed that using the ERCuSn-A filler metal without and with buttering layer, any surface defect was not observed in the dissimilar metals welded specimen but an underbead crack was found at weld metal adjacent to the Ti/weld metal interface. Using the ERNiCu-7 filler metal without buttering layer, linear porosity was observed at weldment. However, using ERNiCu-7 filler metal with buttering layer, defect-free welded specimen could be achieved. The results of EDS analysis indicated that at Ti/weld metal interface, Ti diffused from the Ti base metal to the weld metal. At 304 stainless steel/weld metal interface, Fe, Ni and Cr diffused from the 304 stainless steel base metal to the weld metal.

Studies on the Parametric Effects of Plasma Arc Welding of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Selva Bharathi ◽  
N. Siva Shanmugam ◽  
R. Murali Kannan ◽  
S. Arungalai Vendan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Plasma Arc Welding ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Bead Width

AbstractThis research study attempts to create an optimized parametric window by employing Taguchi algorithm for Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) of 2 mm thick 2205 duplex stainless steel. The parameters considered for experimentation and optimization are the welding current, welding speed and pilot arc length respectively. The experimentation involves the parameters variation and subsequently recording the depth of penetration and bead width. Welding current of 60–70 A, welding speed of 250–300 mm/min and pilot arc length of 1–2 mm are the range between which the parameters are varied. Design of experiments is used for the experimental trials. Back propagation neural network, Genetic algorithm and Taguchi techniques are used for predicting the bead width, depth of penetration and validated with experimentally achieved results which were in good agreement. Additionally, micro-structural characterizations are carried out to examine the weld quality. The extrapolation of these optimized parametric values yield enhanced weld strength with cost and time reduction.

Brazing of CP-Titanium / CP-Titanium and Titanium Alloy / Stainless Steel with Laminated Ti-Based Filler Metal

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4031-4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyazawa ◽  
C.S. Chang ◽  
H. Sato ◽  
Jun Suda ◽  
T. Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Eutectoid Reaction ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Cp Ti

Joining technology of CP-Titanium and Titanium alloy is very important for manufacturing field. In that case of titanium brazing, chemical compositions of brazing filler metal and brazing atmosphere are very important. In this study, CP-Ti/CP-Ti and Ti alloy/Stainless Steel were brazed with Ti-based laminated brazing filler metal by using continuous type furnace under Ar gas atmosphere containing extremely low oxygen. Laminated filler was fabricated by roll bonding technology. Chemical compositions of laminated filler metal used in this study were Ti-15Cu-15Ni and Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni. Brazing temperature employed in this study was 850, 900, 950, and 1000 C. These brazing temperatures were based on thermal analysis results and alpha-beta transformation temperature of the base metal used in this study. Firstly melting properties of laminated brazing filler metal was investigated with DTA and DSC. Secondary joint characteristics were estimated by micro-structural observation at the joint and mechanical properties measurement. Sound joint was obtained in this study according to outside appearance of the specimen. Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni filler had low melting point as compared with Ti-15Cu-15Ni according to thermal analysis results and fillet form-ability. Ni and Cu were diffused from molten brazing filler to base metal during brazing and Ti-Cu-Ni eutectoid reaction was took placed at the based metal during cooling after brazing.

scholarly journals Optimization of Enhanced TIG Welding Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Heuristic Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Azadi Moghaddam ◽  
Farhad Kolahan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Bead Width ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Gtaw Process

Abstract Using conventional gas tungsten arc welding (C-GTAW) process includes some demerits, shallow penetration has been considered as the most important ones. Recently, in order to cope with the mentioned disadvantage (low penetration), using a paste like coating of activating flux during welding process known as activated GTAW (AGTAW) has been proposed. In this paper, effect of A-GTAW process input adjusting parameters including welding speed (S), welding current (C) and percentage of activating fluxes (TiO2 and SiO2) combination (F) on weld bead width (WBW), depth of penetration (DOP), and consequently aspect ratio (ASR) (the most important quality characteristics) in welding of AISI316L parts have been studied. Box-behnken design (BBD) of experiments has been used to prepare the required experimental matrix for modeling and optimization objectives. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), architecture (hidden layers number and their corresponding neurons/nodes) of which has been determined using heuristic algorithm employed to model the process outputs, the most fitted ones have been optimized using simulated annealing (SA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in order to obtain the desired aspect ratio, maximum depth of penetration, and minimum weld bead width. Finally, confirmation experimental tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Due to the obtained results, the suggested method for modeling and optimization of A-GTAW process is quite efficient (with less than 4% error).

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Analysis on TIG Arc Welding of Stainless Steel Using RSM Approach

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659
Author(s):  
Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi ◽  
Mahmoud Moradi ◽  
Milad Aghaee Attar ◽  
Seyed Alireza Rasouli ◽  
Majid Ghoreishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Weld Bead Geometry ◽  
Bead Width

This study involves the validating of thermal analysis during TIG Arc welding of 1.4418 steel using finite element analyses (FEA) with experimental approaches. 3D heat transfer simulation of 1.4418 stainless steel TIG arc welding is implemented using ABAQUS software (6.14, ABAQUS Inc., Johnston, RI, USA), based on non-uniform Goldak’s Gaussian heat flux distribution, using additional DFLUX subroutine written in the FORTRAN (Formula Translation). The influences of the arc current and welding speed on the heat flux density, weld bead geometry, and temperature distribution at the transverse direction are analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). Validating numerical simulation with experimental dimensions of weld bead geometry consists of width and depth of penetration with an average of 10% deviation has been performed. Results reveal that the suggested numerical model would be appropriate for the TIG arc welding process. According to the results, as the welding speed increases, the residence time of arc shortens correspondingly, bead width and depth of penetration decrease subsequently, whilst simultaneously, the current has the reverse effect. Finally, multi-objective optimization of the process is applied by Derringer’s desirability technique to achieve the proper weld. The optimum condition is obtained with 2.7 mm/s scanning speed and 120 A current to achieve full penetration weld with minimum fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) width.

Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of a Stainless-Steel Brazed Joint in HCl Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 997-1002
Author(s):  
Hikaru Nagata ◽  
Masa Ono ◽  
Yasuyuki Miyazawa ◽  
Yuji Hayashi ◽  
Yoshio Bizen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Brazed Joint ◽  
In Situ Observations

To clarify the effect of the acid solution type on corrosion resistance, the corrosion behavior of stainless steel brazed joints in HCl aqueous solution was evaluated through electrochemical measurements. Anodic polarization curves of a ferritic stainless-steel base metal, Ni-based brazing filler metals, and a brazed joint were recorded. In addition, in situ observations were conducted to observe the corrosion behavior of each structure of the brazed joint. Corrosion potentials of the brazing filler metal were lower than that of the base metal. In situ observations of the brazed joint revealed the order of corrosion in aqueous hydrochloric acid. According to the electrochemical measurements, under an actual corrosive environment, the brazing filler metal can function as an anode and selectively corrode. In addition, the anodic polarization curve of the brazed joint showed values between those of the polarization curves of the brazing filler metal and the base metal, indicating that the corrosion resistance could be electrochemically evaluated in HCl aqueous solution.

Effect of Filler Metals on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Low Carbon Steel and 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Mamat ◽  
E. Hamzah ◽  
Z. Ibrahim ◽  
A.M. Rohah ◽  
A. Bahador
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Welding Electrode

In this paper, dissimilar joining of 316L stainless steel to low carbon steel was carried out using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Samples were welded using AWS: ER309L welding electrode for GMAW and AWS: ER316L welding electrode for GTAW process. Determination of mechanical properties and material characterization on the welded joints were carried out using the Instron tensile test machine and an optical microscope respectively. The cross section area of the welded joint consists of three main areas namely the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM). It was found that, the yield and tensile strengths of welded samples using ER316L filler metal were slightly higher than the welded sample using ER309L welding electrode. All welded samples fractured at low carbon steel base metal indicating that the regions of ER316L stainless steel base metal, ER316L filler metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) have a higher strength than low carbon steel base metal. It was also found that ER316L welding electrode was the best filler to be used for welding two dissimilar metals between carbon and stainless steel.

Dissimilar lap joining of 304 stainless steel to CP-Ti employing friction stir welding

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1824-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fazel-Najafabadi ◽  
S.F. Kashani-Bozorg ◽  
A. Zarei-Hanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Cp Ti

Computer Simulation of Wetting and Flowing Behaviors of Filler Metal during Laser Brazing Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 580-582 ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Saida ◽  
Woo Hyun Song ◽  
Kazutoshi Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Laser Brazing ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Joint Gap

The wetting and flowing behaviors of the filler metal during laser brazing process were analyzed by the computer simulation. Two situations of the wetting and flowing during laser brazing were modelled, i.e., the metled Au-18%Ni and Ag-10%Pd filler metals on the butt joint of Inconel 600, and the melted Cu-8%Sn filler metal on the dissimilar butt joint of type 304 stainless steel to Cu. The filler metal droplet wetted and spread on the base metals and simultaneously infiltrated into the joint gap with the lapse of time. The Au-Ni and Ag-Pd filler metal infiltrated into the 0.3mm wide joint gap at the completion of brazing even in the single beam brazing. The Au-Ni filler metal did not infiltrate into the joint gap completely at the brazing clearances of 0.1-0.2mm in the single beam brazing, however, it could be filled up in the joint gap in the tandem beam brazing. The Cu-Sn filler metal wetted on the both base metals of stainless steel and Cu and filled up the 0.3mm wide joint gap when the location of preheating beam deviated in 0.5mm to Cu substrate, however, it did not infiltrate into the joint gap completely at the deviation distance of preheating beam to Cu substrate being 1.0mm. It followed that the wetting and flowing behaviors of the filler metal during laser brazing process could be predicted by the computer simulation.

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