Influence of Humidy on Radon Volume Activity on Lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Jana Bouchalova ◽  
Helena Raclavská ◽  
Vendula Klimantová
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Given

The research is primarily focused on the determination of humidity on radon volume activity in different soil gas permeabilities in a given land. The research also included the detrermination of the radon index in the given land. The mean concentrations of radon in soil gas during the drought ranged from 15.9 - 24.1 kBq/m3 and in the precipitation period 16.3 - 26.7 kBq/m3. The first area was characterized by low gas permeability of soils, where a low radon index was determined during the dry season and a medium radon index was determined in the precipitation period. The second area, the medium gas permeability of the soils was determined from the analysis of the collected soil samples. The values of the third quartile in both cases measurements of radon volume activity in soil gas fall into the middle class of radon index. The third location would be determined by high gas permeability of soils. The radon index of the given land during the drought was determined as the medium, as in the case of measurement of radon volume activity in soil gas in the period with added moisture in the soil profile. The analysis confirmed the effect of moisture on the volume activity of radon.

Concept-less Schemata: The Reciprocity of Imagination and Understanding in Kant’s Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-529
Author(s):  
Luigi Filieri
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Concept ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Given

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss Kant’s concept-less schematism (KU, 5: 287) in the third Critique1 and make three claims: 1) concept-less schematism is entirely consistent with the schematism in the first Critique; 2) concept-less schematism is schematism with no empirical concept as an outcome; and 3) in accordance with 1) and 2), the imagination is free to synthesize the given manifold and leads to judgements of taste without this meaning either that the categories play no role at all or that these judgements are full-fledged cognitive determining judgements. While most commentators read the freedom of the imagination as its independence from the understanding, I argue that the freedom of the imagination is based on a non-determining employment of the pure concepts of the understanding. The freedom of the aesthetic imagination consists in the temporal schematization of the categories without any complementary determination of the empirical concept.

scholarly journals Some Problems Connected with the Calculation of Stop Loss Premiums for Large Portfolios

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Esscher
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Empirical Determination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Premium Rates ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Stop Loss ◽  
The Given

When experience is insufficient to permit a direct empirical determination of the premium rates of a Stop Loss Cover, we have to fall back upon mathematical models from the theory of probability—especially the collective theory of risk—and upon such assumptions as may be considered reasonable.The paper deals with some problems connected with such calculations of Stop Loss premiums for a portfolio consisting of non-life insurances. The portfolio was so large that the values of the premium rates and other quantities required could be approximated by their limit values, obtained according to theory when the expected number of claims tends to infinity.The calculations were based on the following assumptions.Let F(x, t) denote the probability that the total amount of claims paid during a given period of time is ≤ x when the expected number of claims during the same period increases from o to t. The net premium II (x, t) for a Stop Loss reinsurance covering the amount by which the total amount of claims paid during this period may exceed x, is defined by the formula and the variance of the amount (z—x) to be paid on account of the Stop Loss Cover, by the formula As to the distribution function F(x, t) it is assumed that wherePn(t) is the probability that n claims have occurred during the given period, when the expected number of claims increases from o to t,V(x) is the distribution function of the claims, giving the conditioned probability that the amount of a claim is ≤ x when it is known that a claim has occurred, andVn*(x) is the nth convolution of the function V(x) with itself.V(x) is supposed to be normalized so that the mean = I.

Possible site of negative and positive feedback action of oestrogen on gonadotrophin secretion in normal women

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Nagahara ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Keiichi Tasaka ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawamura ◽  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. For determination of the site of action of oestrogen (E) during the negative and positive feedback phases of gonadotrophin secretions, studies were made on the pituitary response to a small amount of LRH and the pulsatility of gonadotrophins after E administration in normal cycling women in the mid-follicular phase. The pituitary responses to an iv bolus of 2.5 μg of synthetic LRH were evaluated by measuring serum LH and FSH 2 h before and 8 h after administration of 20 mg of conjugated E (Premarin). In the next cycle, the pituitary responses to a same dose of LRH were also observed 2 h before and 56 h after E injection. The mean levels of serum LH and FSH and the peak responses to LRH were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased 8 h after E injection, but were significantly (P < 0.05) increased 56 h after E administration. In the third cycle, the pulsatility of gonadotrophins was evaluated by measuring serum LH and FSH every 15 min for 180 min before and 8 h and 56 h after E injection. The pulse frequencies of gonadotrophins were not significantly different before and 8 h and 56 h after E injection. The amplitudes of pulses 56 h after Premarin injection were significantly higher than those before the injection. These findings suggest that the negative and positive feedback effects of E on gonadotrophin secretion may be caused, in part, by its direct action on the pituitary response to LRH.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE URANIUM CONTENT IN SOME SOIL SAMPLES FROM AJAOKUTA, KOGI STATE: NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Aruwa Arome ◽  
Philibus Musa Gyuk ◽  
Achor Mathias Ogwo ◽  
Isah Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pulse Height Analyzer ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Agreement

This work present the Uranium (238U) content in soil samples collected in Ajaokuta from some villages was been determined. The measurement of the soil Uranium activity concentration were made using a multi–channel pulse height analyzer (Camberra series 10 plus) coupled to a 76.2mm x 76.2mm NaI (TI) scintillation detector. 2.93)The mean Uranium content in the analyzed samples was found to be (44.26 Bq/kg which is higher than the world mean value of 35Bq/kg. The results were in good agreement with others for soils from region which is considered as normal or slightly high in radioactivity level.

Determination of Concrete Resistance to Corrosive Effects of Water with Aggressive CO2 Using Model Mortars

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Dalibor Kocáb ◽  
Ivailo Terzijski ◽  
Jiří Strnad ◽  
Michal Ševčík
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Given

The paper deals with an experimental determination of resistance of concrete to the corrosive effects of demineralised water with aggressive carbon dioxide. Three types of concrete were used for the experiment, one designated for reference, another one contained a crystallising admixture, and the third type contained admixtures and was designed to be very resistant. The actual tests were, however, not conducted directly on these concretes but on model mortars derived from those concretes. The paper provides reasons why the tests specimens were produced from the model mortars and not from the given concretes. The conclusion of this paper presents not only the results of the described experiment but also comparisons with the results of previously conducted and published tests.

scholarly journals Experience Rating and Credibility

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bühlmann
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Experience Rating ◽  
Standard Problem ◽  
Identical Distribution ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Given ◽  
Independent Identically Distributed

Classical statistics deals with the following standard problem of estimation:Given: random variables X1, X2 … Xn independent, identically distributed, andobservations x1, X2 … xn,Estimate: parameter (or function thereof) of the distribution function common to all Xi.It is not surprising that the “classical actuary” has mostly been involved in solving the actuarial equivalent of this problem in insurance, namelyGiven: risks R1R2 … Rn no contagion, homogeneous group,Find: the proper (common) rate for all risks in the given class.There have, of course, always been actuaries who have questioned the assumptions of independence (no contagion) and/or identical distribution (homogeneity). As long as ratemaking is considered equivalent to the determination of the mean, there seem to be no additional difficulties if the hypothesis of independence is dropped. But is there a way to drop the condition of homogeneity (identical distribution)?

scholarly journals Ramped thermal analysis for isolating biologically meaningful soil organic matter fractions with distinct residence times

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sanderman ◽  
A. Stuart Grandy
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Abstract. In this work, we provide a preliminary assessment of whether or not ramped thermal oxidation coupled with determination of the radiocarbon content of the evolved CO2 can be used to isolate biologically meaningful fractions of SOM along with direct information on the turnover rate of each fraction. Using a 30 year time-series of soil samples from a well characterized agronomic trial, we found that the incorporation of the bomb-spike in atmospheric 14CO2 into thermal fractions could be successfully modelled. With increasing activation energy of the fraction, the mean residence time of the fraction increased from 10 to 400 years. Importantly, the first four of five thermal fractions appeared to be a mixture of fast and increasingly slower cycling SOM. To further understand the composition of different thermal fractions, stepped pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) experiments were performed at five temperatures ranging from 330 to 735 °C. The py-GC/MS data showed a reproducible shift in chemistry across the temperature gradient trending from polysaccharides and lipids at low temperature to lignin and microbial-derived compounds at middle temperatures to aromatic and unknown compounds at the highest temperatures. Integrating the 14C and Py-GC-MS data suggests the organic compounds, with the exception of aromatic moieties likely derived from wildfire, with centennial residence times are not more complex but may be protected from pyrolysis, and likely also from biological mineralization, by interactions with mineral surfaces.

Determination of the mean multiplicity of particles produced in a nuclear interaction using the method of the inverse problem

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S718-S721
Author(s):  
V. A. Astafiev
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Given

The possibility of the determination of the mean multiplicity of secondaries, n(E), with the aid of the cascade characteristics has been studied using the nuclear cascade with one-type particles as an example. For the simple model of interaction with the inelasticity coefficient k = 1 the energy spectra of particles in the showers produced by the particles of various energies have been calculated. The function n(E) has been restored in the higher-energy range on the assumption that the calculated spectra are known from the "experiment," and the function n(E) at low energies has been measured within good accuracy. Estimates of the accuracy of the cascade data necessary for determining n(E) within the given accuracy are presented.

Conditions affecting oxide quantification in unknown tropical soils via handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. T. Santana ◽  
B. T. Ribeiro ◽  
S. H. G. Silva ◽  
G. C. Poggere ◽  
L. R. G. Guilherme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Colour System ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Soil chemical characterisation has been accurately performed worldwide using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), contributing to fast, low-cost and environmentally-friendly soil analyses. However, many factors can influence the pXRF performance. Thus, this work was carried out to assess the oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and P2O5) in tropical soils via pXRF, evaluating the effects of soil packing prior to analysis and the soil matrix. The packing of soil samples was performed using X-ray thin-film and common, low-cost plastic bags. Different soil matrices were obtained by grouping of samples according to the Munsell colour system. The obtained results were compared with a conventional method employed for the determination of soil oxides. In addition, the pXRF measurements made on either sieved soil samples or directly on the soil profile were compared. The P2O5 content was below the detection limit of pXRF (0.05 g kg−1). The Fe2O3 and TiO2 contents of several tropical soils were accurately determined via pXRF using air-dried and sieved samples. This result was not observed for SiO2 and Al2O3. For Fe2O3, a good correlation (R2 = 0.91) was obtained between pXRF measurements made on sieved soil samples and directly on the soil profile. The packing of soil samples using plastic bags did not negatively influence the pXRF performance.

Sensitive Methodology for Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Sugarcane Leaves and Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Sharma ◽  
Kousik Mandal ◽  
Balwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Photodiode Array Detector ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hplc Grade Acetonitrile ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract An analytical method to quantify imidacloprid and its metabolites in sugarcane leaves and soil using HPLC has been developed. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile + water (80 + 20, v/v), soil samples partitioned with dichloromethane, and leaf samples with hexane + ethyl acetate (9 + 1, v/v) and dichloromethane. Further, the extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum into HPLC-grade acetonitrile. Residues were estimated using an HPLC equipped with a photodiode array detector system, C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile + water (40 + 60, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min to separate imidacloprid and its six metabolites in single run of 20 min. The mean percent recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites ranged from 80.45 to 99.80 from sugarcane leaves and 80.20 to 99.70 from sugarcane soils. The analytical method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy. The repeatability values ranged from 0.24 to 3.15% and 1.69 to 4.94%, along with 2.73 to 3.82% and 1.12 to 4.96%, for imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil, respectively. The reproducibility of imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil ranged from 2.20 to 4.27% and 2.53 to 4.08%, respectively, and all measurements were within 15% at all concentration levels.

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