Rate of Copper Ions Removal from Copper Sulfate Solution by Cementation on Steel Turbulence Promoters Using Stirred Tank Reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Ismail ◽  
Moustapha S. Mansour ◽  
Dina Ahmed El-Gayar ◽  
Y.H. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Copper Sulfate Solution ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
The Relationship

The present study is concerned with the removal rate of Copper ions Cu++ from wastewater by cementation of copper from copper sulfate solution on a horizontal steel sheet placed at the bottom of a square stirred tank reactor and fitted with square steel turbulence promoters. The variables studied were solution concentration, rotation speed, impeller geometry, promoter diameter and distance between promoters. The rate of mass transfer was found to increase with the rotational speed and decreased with the increase of distance between promoters. The data were correlated to develop the relationship Sh α Re x

Kinetic Modeling of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor - Operating On Distillery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Mohite ◽  
S.S. Salimath
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Distillery Effluent ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank

Abstract To identify the viability and performance, distillery effluent having very high organic content was studied on continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Under different organic loading rates (OLR), optimum conditions for highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biogas generation was found to be for OLR of 0.10 COD kg /d to 0.11 COD kg /d. Highest COD exertion efficiency was found to be around 73% for OLR of 9.166 kg COD/m3/d when hydraulic retention time (HRT) reduced from 15 to 14 days. Biogas generation was observed to be around 30 L/d with a conversion coefficient of 0.405 and 0.12 volatile fatty acids (VFA) to alkalinity ratio were recorded in this stage. Applying the modified Stovere Kincannon model to the reactor, the maximum removal rate constant (Umax) and saturation value constant (Kb) were found to be 17.123 kg/m3/day, and 33.471 kg/m3/day respectively. These records are predominantly significant, when operating the anaerobic biodigesters for treating the distillery effluent along with the production of biogas as an energy sources. CSTR can effectively be employed in treatment of this effluent however post bio-digestion effluent still contains considerable COD. To meet the pollution norms and standards it needs to be treated further. To understand the complex biological treatment process of this effluent further trials are required to be conducted.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cu (II) on Swelling and Shrinkage Characteristics of Sodium Bentonite in Landfills

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Guiyuan Xiao ◽  
Guangli Xu ◽  
Tongzhong Wei ◽  
Jian Zeng ◽  
Wenjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Copper Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Heavy Metal Cations ◽  
Uniform Velocity ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Stable Stage

Wastes in municipal landfills will release heavy metal cations over a long period of time. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of copper (Cu) in the leachate from landfill on the swell-shrinking potential of bentonite liner. Copper sulfate solution with 4 different groups of concentrations (0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, 10 g/L) were added to bentonite for conducting a series of swelling and shrinkage experiments. Then the Does Response model was used to describe the swelling and shrinkage process of bentonite in different copper sulfate solutions and the applicability of the model was evaluated. At the same time, clay mineral analysis experiments (XRD and XRF) were carried out to analyze the variation of interlayer space and element content of montmorillonite. The results show that the swell volume of bentonite decreases with the increase of the concentration of Cu (II). The rate of swelling was high and inversely proportional to the concentration of Cu (II). The shrinkage curve of bentonite could be divided into uniform velocity stage, variable velocity stage, and stable stage. The shrinkage rate at the uniform velocity stage and shrinkage at the stable stage decreased with the increase of the concentration of Cu (II). The model was suitable for describing swelling (or shrinkage) curves with smaller expansibility (or shrinkage). Results of XRD and XRF show that the erosion of Cu (II) led to the decrease of Na+ content in sodium bentonite, and then narrowed interlayer space of montmorillonite. When the solution concentration increases, both values of interlayer space of montmorillonite and Na+ content in sodium bentonite become lower, and that led to swelling and shrinkage of bentonite liner was getting smaller and smaller.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of phenolic wastewater in an anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghizade Firozjaee ◽  
Ghasem Najafpour ◽  
Ali Asgari ◽  
Maryam Khavarpour
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Phenolic Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank

In the present study, an anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (ACSTR) with consortium of mixed culture was operated continuously for a period of 110 days. The experiments were performed with three different hydraulic retention times and by varying initial phenol concentrations between 100 to 1000 mg/L. A maximum phenol removal was observed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 days, with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 170.86 mg/L.d. At this condition, phenol removal rate of 89% was achieved. In addition, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal corresponds to phenol removal. Additional operating parameters such as pH, MLSS and biogas production rate of the effluents were also measured. The present study provides valuable information to design an anaerobic ACSTR reactor for the biodegradation of phenolic wastewater.

The Generation Game: Electrochemistry

Reactions ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Copper Sulfate Solution ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Zinc Surface ◽  
King's College ◽  
Opening Paragraph

You already know, if you have read Reaction 6, that an electric current is a stream of electrons. If you have also read the section on redox reactions (Reaction 5), which you should, in preparation for this account, then you will also know that in a redox reaction electrons are transferred from one species to another. Although it is now far too late, had you had that information 150 or so years ago, then you might have realized that if those species were at the opposite ends of a piece of wire, the transfer of electrons would then take place in the form of an electric current travelling along the wire and you would have invented the electric battery. All the batteries that are used to generate electricity and drive portable electrical and electronic equipment, from torches, drills, phones, music players, laptops, through to electric vehicles, are driven by this kind of chemically produced flow of electrons. One of the earliest devices for producing a steady electric current was the ‘Daniell cell’, which was invented in 1836 by John Daniell (1790–1845) of King’s College, London in response to the demand in the nineteenth century of the then emerging technology of telecommunication for a steady, cheap source of electricity. I have already touched on the underlying reaction when I explained what happens when a piece of zinc, Zn, is dropped into a solution of copper sulfate (Reaction 5), and this section builds on that account. In that reaction copper is deposited on the zinc and the copper sulfate solution gradually loses its colour as blue Cu2+ ions are replaced by colourless Zn2+ ions. As this reaction takes place, electrons hop from the zinc metal onto Cu2+ ions nearby in the solution. If we were to stand there watching, we would see electrons snapping across from the zinc to the Cu2+ ions wherever the latter came within striking distance of the zinc surface. There would be electron transfer, but no net current of electricity. Daniell did what I outlined in the opening paragraph: he separated the zinc metal and copper ions, so that electrons released by zinc had to travel through an external wire to get to the Cu2+ ions.

Transient response of the 1-st order dynamic system with fluctuating parameters

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2184-2195
Author(s):  
Vladimír Herles ◽  
Jan Čermák ◽  
Antonín Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Order System ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Theoretical Results

The paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic behavior of the 1st order system with two random parameters. The theoretical results have been compared with experiments on flow model of a stirred tank reactor.

scholarly journals Quantifying the reactive uptake of OH by organic aerosols in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 7885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung L. Che ◽  
Jared D. Smith ◽  
Stephen R. Leone ◽  
Musahid Ahmed ◽  
Kevin R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor
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