Corrosion Resistance of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Parts: The Effect of Recycled Powders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Annalisa Acquesta ◽  
Tullio Monetta
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Traditional Counterpart ◽  
Electrochemical Characterisation

The possibility to reduce costs of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies by using recycled powders is still an open question. The present paper aims to investigate the effect of using virgin and recycled powders on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy additive manufactured parts. Although the study of the electrochemical behaviour of titanium parts produced by using AM is present in the literature, the corrosion resistance of samples manufactured using recycled powders is less investigated. This work would like to contribute to the deepening of this aspect. The experimental investigations have been carried out on as-built samples as well as on samples after mechanical polishing. The metallographic observations of additive manufactured samples showed a martensitic microstructure inside the prior β grain grew up as columnar structure. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of titanium oxide in rutile crystallographic phase. The electrochemical characterisation unveiled the lower corrosion resistance of the as-built additive manufactured components compared to the traditional counterpart. It also highlighted the effect due to the use of recycled powders when the bulk of the samples has been investigated.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterisation of Magnetite Coatings on Ti6Al4V-ELI

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Adriana Montiel ◽  
Edgar Onofre Bustamante ◽  
María Lorenza Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetite Phase ◽  
Electrochemical Characterisation ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Magnetite Coating ◽  
Increase Corrosion Resistance

Titanium alloys have been widely employed in implant materials owing to their biocompatibility. The primary limitation of these materials is their poor performance in applications involving surfaces in mutual contact and under load or relative motion because of their low wear resistance. The aim of this work is to synthesis magnetite coatings on the Ti6Al4V-ELI alloy surface to increase corrosion resistance and to evaluate its electrochemical behaviour. The coatings were obtained using potentiostatic pulse-assisted coprecipitation (PP-CP) on a Ti6Al4V-ELI substrate. The preliminary X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results indicate the presence of the magnetite coating with 8–10 nm crystal sizes, determined for the (311) plane. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the presence of the magnetite phase on the titanium alloy was observed. Magnetite coating was homogeneous over the full surface and increased the roughness with respect to the substrate. For the corrosion potential behaviour, the Ti6Al4V-ELI showed a modified Ecorr that was less active from the presence of the magnetite coating, and the impedance values were higher than the reference samples without coating. From the polarization curves, the current density of the sample with magnetite was smaller than of bare titanium.

Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Aluminide Layers on Two Phase (α+β) Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sitek ◽  
Janusz Kaminski ◽  
Marcin Pisarek ◽  
Hubert Matysiak ◽  
Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Ti6al4v Titanium Alloy ◽  
Diffusion Layers

The paper presents results of investigations into the structure and corrosion resistance of Ti-Al diffusion layers produced on two phase (a+b) Ti6Al4V alloy by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD). The process was carried out in aluminium chloride (AlCl3) mixed with argon atmosphere. Surface topography and microstructure characterization of the coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The local chemical composition witch 1 μm lateral resolution was measured via EDS. The phase content was investigated by X-ray diffraction and analysis of the chemical composition of the surface by XPS. Corrosion resistance was tested using the potentiodynamic method in 0.1M Na2SO4 and 0.1M H2SO4 solutions at the room temperature. Their resistance to high temperature at atmospheric pressure was tested by 24-hours cycling to 700°C. The results indicate that the layers produced on the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy exhibit a very good adhesion combined with exceptional corrosion resistance, especially high at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Effect of Manganese on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the Mg-3Al Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao ◽  
Liu ◽  
Zeng ◽  
Li ◽  
Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Microstructure Observation

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Mg-3Al-xMn (x = 0, 0.12, 0.21, 0.36, 0.45) (hereafter in wt.%) alloys were experimentally investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical, and hydrogen evolution tests. A new self-constructed Mg-Al-Mn-Fe thermodynamic database was used to predict the solidification paths of the alloys. The addition of Mn showed no grain refinement in the cast Mg-3Al alloys. According to the microstructure observation, Al-Fe phases were observed in the non-Mn-added alloy, while Al8Mn5(LT) (Al8Mn5 in low temperature) became the main intermetallic phase in the Mn-added alloys, and the amount increased gradually with the Mn addition. The τ–Al0.89Mn1.11 phase with lower Al/(Fe + Mn) ratio was observed in the alloys with 0.36 and 0.45 wt.% Mn content. According to the electrochemical tests, all five alloys showed localized corrosion characteristics in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Compared with the Mg-3Al alloy, the corrosion resistance of Mn-added alloys were significantly improved and increased gradually with the Mn addition, which was due to the variation of Al-containing intermetallic compounds. The present experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations confirmed the mechanism that the increasing amount of Al8Mn5(LT) with Mn addition could encapsulate the B2-Al(Mn,Fe) phase with higher Fe. Therefore, it could prevent this detrimental phase from contacting magnesium matrix, thus suppressing micro-galvanic corrosion and improving corrosion resistance gradually.

Electrochemical Characterization of Ti6Al4V Components Produced by Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Acquesta ◽  
Anna Carangelo ◽  
Paolo Di Petta ◽  
Tullio Monetta
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Additive Process ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Passive Current

The investigation of the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy components produced by additive technology is still lacking in the literature. This paper aims to study the electrochemical behaviour of Ti6Al4V components fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing process. The metallographic analysis was carried out by an optical microscope. The electrochemical behaviour has been evaluated in 3.5 wt. % of natural aerated NaCl aqueous solution by potentiodynamic polarization test. The results have been compared to a conventionally manufactured Ti6Al4V component. The typical martensitic structure has been shown by the additive manufactured sample. As expected, the metallographic analysis revealed a martensitic microstructure. The electrochemical tests carried out on the surface of the as-received additive manufactured specimen showed an influence of its morphology on the values of passive current density, higher than that recorded for the conventionally manufactured sample, used as the control. After mechanical polishing, the electrochemical tests were repeated on the "bulk" of the samples. The open circuit potential values were higher than the value recorded for the conventionally manufactured sample. The conditions of the additive process affect the corrosion resistance of the components due to the roughness of the surface and to the microstructure created.

Role of Aluminium on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8206-8213
Author(s):  
J. Alias
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Development

Much research on magnesium (Mg) emphasises creating good corrosion resistance of magnesium, due to its high reactivity in most environments. In this study, powder metallurgy (PM) technique is used to produce Mg samples with a variation of aluminium (Al) composition. The effect of aluminium composition on the microstructure development, including the phase analysis was characterised by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical property of Mg sample was performed through Vickers microhardness. The results showed that the addition of aluminium in the synthesised Mg sample formed distribution of Al-rich phases of Mg17Al12, with 50 wt.% of aluminium content in the Mg sample exhibited larger fraction and distribution of Al-rich phases as compared to the 20 wt.% and 10 wt.% of aluminium content. The microhardness values were also increased at 20 wt.% and 50 wt.% of aluminium content, comparable to the standard microhardness value of the annealed Mg. A similar trend in corrosion resistance of the Mg immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was observed. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated based on potentiodynamic polarisation behaviour. The corrosion current density, icorr, is observed to decrease with the increase of Al composition in the Mg sample, corresponding to the increase in corrosion resistance due to the formation of aluminium oxide layer on the Al-rich surface that acted as the corrosion barrier. Overall, the inclusion of aluminium in this study demonstrates the promising development of high corrosion resistant Mg alloys.

Ti-5Al-4FeCr

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract Ti-5A1-4FeCr is an alpha-beta type titanium alloy recommended for airframe components. It responds to an age-hardening heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-58. Producer or source: Titanium alloy mills.

Ti-0.20Pd

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Reactive Metals ◽  
Alpha Type

Abstract Ti-0.20Pd is an alpha-type titanium alloy recommended for the chemical industry applications where environments are moderately reducing, or fluctuate between oxidizing and reducing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ti-56. Producer or source: Reactive Metals Corporation.

TITANIUM 1Al-8V-5Fe

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Reactive Metals

Abstract Titanium IA1-8V-5Fe is an all beta type titanium alloy recommended for high temperature fasteners. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ti-55. Producer or source: Reactive Metals Corporation.

REPUBLIC RS-110A

Alloy Digest ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Medium Strength

Abstract Republic RS-110A is a titanium alloy containing manganese as its principle alloying element. The alloy is a medium strength, highly formable sheet alloy which has been used extensively as an aircraft structural material. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ti-35. Producer or source: Republic Steel Corporation, Titanium Division.

Ti 6Al-4V ELI

Alloy Digest ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bearing Strength ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract Carpenter titanium alloy Ti 6Al-4V ELI is a high-purity (extra-low-interstitial) version of Ti 6Al-4V (see Alloy Digest Ti-60, August 2002). The alloy is alpha plus beta and has good biocompatibility. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, and bearing strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TI-129. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

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