Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition And In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of The Essential Oils Of Three Greek Achillea Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2002-3-415 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (3-4) ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Prokopios Magiatis ◽

Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis ◽

Ioanna Chinou ◽

Serkos A. Haroutounian

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

The Other ◽

Gram Negative ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ms Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea holosericea, Achillea taygetea, Achillea fraasii was determined by GC/MS analysis. Among the ninety-five assayed constituents, camphor, borneol and 1,8-cineol were found to be the major components. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was evaluated against six bacteria indicating that the first is totally inactive, while the other two possess moderate to strong activities mainly against the Gram negative strains. The essential oil of A. fraasii was also active against the tested pathogenic fungi

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Obtained via Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.790 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 790-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

S. SANTOYO ◽

S. CAVERO ◽

L. JAIME ◽

E. IBAÑEZ ◽

F. J. SEÑORÁNS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽

The One ◽

Main Components ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽

Total Oil

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil–rich fractions obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction from Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of these fractions resulted in the identification of 33 compounds of the essential oil. The main components of these fractions were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol, constituting ca. 80% of the total oil. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against six microbial species, including gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a yeast (Candida albicans), and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). All of the essential oil–rich fractions obtained showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, with inhibition zones and minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentration values in the range of 17 to 33 mm and 2.25 to 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. The most active fraction was the one obtained in experiment 4 (4% ethanol as modifier; extraction pressure, 25 MPa; extraction temperature, 60°C). S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacteria to the rosemary extracts, whereas the least susceptible was A. niger. α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol standards also showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested, borneol being the most effective followed by camphor and verbenone. In that way, it was confirmed that essential oil from experiment 4, with the best antimicrobial activity, presented the highest quantity of camphor, borneol, and verbenone.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrimidine Salts with Chloranilic and Picric Acids

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/727182 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Mallikarjunaswamy ◽

D. G. Bhadregowda ◽

L. Mallesha

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

The Other ◽

Spectral Studies ◽

H Nmr ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Elemental Analyses ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Pyrimidine salts such as 2-methyl-5-nitro-phenyl-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-amine (1) and 4-methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-yl-amino)-phenyl-amine (2) with chloranilic and picric acids were synthesized, and theirin vitroantibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, UV-visible, FT-IR, and1H NMR spectral studies. Compound2aexhibited good inhibition towards antimicrobial activity compared to the other compounds.

Download Full-text

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF RAPAMYCIN, TEMSIROLIMUS REGIO ISOMER (MONOESTER) AND TEMSIROLIMUS DIESTER IN TEMSIROLIMUS DRUG

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i2.30169 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

Gorla S. Reddy ◽

Chava V. N. Rao

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

1H Nmr ◽

High Performance ◽

Process Development ◽

Uv Spectra ◽

The Other ◽

Esi Ms ◽

Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography ◽

Photodiode Array ◽

Ft Ir

Objective: Separation and identification of the process impurities in the manufacture of temsirolimus drug viz., rapamycin, temsirolimus regioisomer (monoester) (TS monoester), and temsirolimus diester (TS diester). Methods: During the process development of temsirolimus (TS), three process impurities-rapamycin, temsirolimus regioisomer (monoester) and temsirolimus diester-were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Impurities were isolated by medium pressure liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and characterized by ESI-MS/MS, 1H NMR, FT-IR spectral data. Results: These impurities are characterised with the help of ESI MS/MS, 1H NMR, and FT-IR data. The impurities are identified and characterised as the process impurities. One of them is the starting material i.e. rapamycin and the other two are formed during the manufacture of the drug. This method offers advantages over using photodiode-array UV detection (LC-PDA) for the determination of peak purity, viz. components with similar UV spectra can be distinguished. Conclusion: The structures of these impurities were characterized as rapamycin, TS Monoester, and TS Diester. Out of these process impurities, rapamycin has been previously identified while the other two are previously unreported.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Myorelaxant, Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of Rabdosia rugosus Wall. (Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.)

Journal of Medicinal Herbs and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.25081/jmhe.2019.v5.3831 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 08-15

Author(s):

Prakash Singh, Ravendra Kumar ◽

Om Prakash, Anil Kumar Pant ◽

Mahesh Kumar ◽

Valary A. Isidorov, Lech Szczepaniak

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

The Other ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Total Oil ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

For the present investigation Rabdosia rugosus Wall. Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall. was collected from Pancheshwar, Uttarakhand on the way to Badrinath. The GC and GC-MS analysis, revealed the presence of more than forty compounds out of which 35 compounds were identified amounting to 97.3% of the total oil. The essential oil of R. rugosus was rich in sesquiterpinoids (~90%) and was poor in monoterpenoids (8.1%). α-bisabolol (41.9%) was the major constituent of the oil and the other identified major compounds were germacrene-D (9.7%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), dehydroabietane (5.2%), ar-curcumene (5.0), trans-ferruginol (3.3%) α-cadinol (3.2%), τ-muurolol (2.3%), p-Cymene (3.2%) and γ-terpinene (2.0%). The essential oil of Rabdosia rugosus showed insignificant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but shows significant antipyretic, myorelaxant and antimicrobial activity.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Morphology of Epicuticular Waxes from Leaves of Solanum tuberosum

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1987-11-1203 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 42 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1153-1158 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Sen

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

The Other ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Surface Waxes ◽

Solanaceous Plants

The chemical com position and morphology of leaf surface waxes of Solanum tuberosum were analysed using FT - IR . GLC and MS studies. There is a predominance of saturated and long chained components resulting in a crystalline wax layer in the form of ribbons, n-alkanes are a major constituent with C31 being p rominent. Wax esters and 5-alcohols form the other major components. Wax composition of five other solanaceous plants, viz., Solanum eleagnifolium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stromonium and Solanum nigrum were compared with those of potato using TLC techniques and do not show any qualitative differences.

Download Full-text

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Phytopathogen Evaluation of 6-Oxychitosan Derivatives Containing N-Quaternized Moieties in Its Backbone

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2018/3970142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kun Gao ◽

Yukun Qin ◽

Song Liu ◽

Ronge Xing ◽

Huahua Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Water Solubility ◽

The Other ◽

Structure Modification ◽

Agricultural Chemicals ◽

Application Potential ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Common Plant

The structure modification of chitosan has great application potential. 6-Oxychitosan was prepared by specially oxidizing the C6-OH of chitosan, then 6-oxychitosan was reacted with three kinds of aldehydes to prepare N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives in this paper. The derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives was tested against two common plant-threatening fungi and three plant disease bacteria. The results showed that N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives had good water-solubility and excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, derivative 3 which connected 8-hydroxyquinolines had the highest antimicrobial activity than the other derivatives. The inhibitory indices of derivative 3 against V. albo-atrum and P. hibernalis are 89.1% and 72.8% at 0.4 mg/ml. The MICs of 3 against X. oryzae, P. syringae, and E. rhapontici were 625, 625, and 156 mg/l, respectively. All the results indicate that derivative 3 has the potential of becoming an alternative to harmful agricultural chemicals.

Download Full-text

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Studies of the Essential Oils of Jatropha integerrima Jacq (Leaf and Seeds)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0700200813 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X0700200

Author(s):

Adeolu O. Eshilokun ◽

Adeleke A. Kasali ◽

Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽

Tameka M. Walker ◽

Williams N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

The Other ◽

Antimicrobial Studies ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

The chemical composition of the essential oils of the leaves and seeds of Jatropha integerrima was investigated by GC and GC-MS. The results showed significant variation in the chemical constituents of the tissue/parts analyzed. The leaf has pentadecanal (32.4%), 1,8-cineole (11.2%) and β-ionone (10.8%) as the major components. On the other hand, the seed oil is comprised mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons represented by pentacosane (13.6%), hexacosane (13.3%), octacosane (12.3%) and heptacosane (10.1%). However, the defatted seed oil was predominantly made up of the monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (35.5%), p-cymene (20.5%) and α-pinene (16.5%). The oils displayed weak antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.

Download Full-text