Three-Dimensional Imaging of Extended Defects in 4H-SiC

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Tanuma ◽  
Masahiro Nagano ◽  
Isaho Kamata ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stacking Faults ◽  
Band Edge Emission ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Edge Emission ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Edge Dislocations

This paper describes 3D imaging of extended defects in 4H-SiC using optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon-exited photoluminescence (2PPL). SHG selectively yields the 3D images of 3C-inclusions in a 4H-SiC epilayer, while 2PPL provides 3D images of 3C-inclusions, 8H stacking faults and single Shockley stacking faults. 2PPL band-edge emission visualizes dislocation lines of threading screw dislocations and threading edge dislocations, the tilt angles of which are evaluated.

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Extended Defects in 4H-SiC by Two-Photon-Excited Band-Edge Photoluminescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Tanuma ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Band Edge ◽  
Band Edge Emission ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Edge Emission ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Excited Band ◽  
Edge Dislocations

This paper demonstrates three-dimensional imaging of threading screw dislocations (TSDs) and threading edge dislocations (TEDs) in 4H-SiC using two-photon-excited photoluminescence (2PPL) band-edge emission. Three-dimensional (3D) images of TSDs and TEDs are successfully obtained as dark contrasts on a bright background of band-edge emission. The intensity inversion of a 2PPL 3D image yields a perspective to visually examine the propagation behavior of dislocations. The tilt angles of TEDs are also measured and shown to correlate with the directions of the extra half planes of TEDs.

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Extended Defects in 4H-SiC by Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

2014 ◽  
Vol 778-780 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Tanuma ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Host Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Optical Second Harmonic Generation

This paper demonstrates optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited photoluminescence (2P-PL) imaging of 3C-SiC inclusions forming triangular and carrot-type defects in 4H-SiC epilayers. Triangular defects exhibit clear SHG images because 3C-SiC is SHG active, but not 4H-SiC host crystal in c-axis incidence. A carrot defect provides SHG and 2P-PL images in different regions in a basal-plane fault area. The spectrums of the SHG and 2P-PL are also investigated, and their emission mechanisms discussed.

Structural Defects and Their Relationship to Nucleation of Gan Thin Films

1996 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weida Gian ◽  
Marek Skowronski ◽  
Greg S. Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
Film Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scanning Force Microscopy ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Edge Dislocations

AbstractMicrostructure and extended defects in α-GaN films grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire substrates using low temperature AIN (or GaN) buffer layers have been studied using transmission electron microscopy. The types and distribution of extended defects were correlated with the film growth mode and the layer nucleation mechanism which was characterized by scanning force microscopy. The nature of the extended defects was directly related to the initial three-dimensional growth. It was found that inhomogeneous nucleation leads to a grain-like structure in the buffer; the GaN films then have a columnar structure with a high density of straight edge dislocations at grain boundaries which are less likely to be suppressed by common annihilation mechanisms. Layer-by-layer growth proceeds in many individual islands which is evidenced by the observation of hexagonal growth hillocks. Each growth hillock has an open-core screw dislocation at its center which emits monolayer-height spiral steps.

scholarly journals Depth-varying Density and Organization of Chondrocytes in Immature and Mature Bovine Articular Cartilage Assessed by 3D Imaging and Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Jadin ◽  
Benjamin L. Wong ◽  
Won C. Bae ◽  
Kelvin W. Li ◽  
Amanda K. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neighboring Cell ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue

Articular cartilage is a heterogeneous tissue, with cell density and organization varying with depth from the surface. The objectives of the present study were to establish a method for localizing individual cells in three-dimensional (3D) images of cartilage and quantifying depth-associated variation in cellularity and cell organization at different stages of growth. Accuracy of nucleus localization was high, with 99% sensitivity relative to manual localization. Cellularity (million cells per cm3) decreased from 290, 310, and 150 near the articular surface in fetal, calf, and adult samples, respectively, to 120, 110, and 50 at a depth of 1.0 mm. The distance/angle to the nearest neighboring cell was 7.9 μm/31°, 7.1 μm/31°, and 9.1 μm/31° for cells at the articular surface of fetal, calf, and adult samples, respectively, and increased/decreased to 11.6 μm/31°, 12.0 μm/30°, and 19.2 μm/25° at a depth of 0.7 mm. The methodologies described here may be useful for analyzing the 3D cellular organization of cartilage during growth, maturation, aging, degeneration, and regeneration.

scholarly journals Label-free and Multimodal Second Harmonic Generation Light Sheet Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Hanrahan ◽  
Simon I. R. Lane ◽  
Peter Johnson ◽  
Konstantinos Bourdakos ◽  
Christopher Brereton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy

AbstractLight sheet microscopy (LSM) has emerged as one of most profound three dimensional (3D) imaging tools in the life sciences over the last decade. However, LSM is currently performed with fluorescence detection on one- or multi-photon excitation. Label-free LSM imaging approaches have been rather limited. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging is a label-free technique that has enabled detailed investigation of collagenous structures, including its distribution and remodelling in cancers and respiratory tissue, and how these link to disease. SHG is generally regarded as having only forward- and back-scattering components, apparently precluding the orthogonal detection geometry used in Light Sheet Microscopy. In this work we demonstrate SHG imaging on a light sheet microscope (SHG-LSM) using a rotated Airy beam configuration that demonstrates a powerful new approach to direct, without any further processing or deconvolution, 3D imaging of harmonophores such as collagen in biological samples. We provide unambiguous identification of SHG signals on the LSM through its wavelength and polarisation sensitivity. In a multimodal LSM setup we demonstrate that SHG and two-photon signals can be acquired on multiple types of different biological samples. We further show that SHG-LSM is sensitive to changes in collagen synthesis within lung fibroblast 3D cell cultures. This work expands on the existing optical methods available for use with light sheet microscopy, adding a further label-free imaging technique which can be combined with other detection modalities to realise a powerful multi-modal microscope for 3D bioimaging.

scholarly journals A Review on Dual-Lens Fluorescence Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yubing Han ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Model Animal

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging using dual-lens fluorescence microscopies is popular in observing fluorescently labeled biological samples, such as mammalian/model animal cells, tissues, and embryos. Specifically, dual-lens super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods using two opposing objective lenses allow significantly higher axial resolution and better signal to noise ratio than traditional single-lens counterparts, and thus distinguish more details in 3D images of fine intracellular structures. For 3D imaging of thick tissues and entire embryos, dual-lens light-sheet fluorescence microscopy methods using two objective lenses, either orthogonal or non-orthogonal, to achieve selective plane illumination, can meet the requirements, and thus can be used to observe embryo development and structures of interest in thick tissues. This review summarizes both dual-lens fluorescence microscopy methods, including their principles, configurations, and 3D imaging applications, providing a guideline for biological laboratories with different 3D imaging needs.

scholarly journals Wavelength-Selective Phase-Shifting Digital Holography: Color Three-Dimensional Imaging Ability in Relation to Bit Depth of Wavelength-Multiplexed Holograms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Tahara ◽  
Reo Otani ◽  
Yasuhiro Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Digital Holography ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
The Relationship

The quality of reconstructed images in relation to the bit depth of holograms formed by wavelength-selective phase-shifting digital holography was investigated. Wavelength-selective phase-shifting digital holography is a technique to obtain multiwavelength three-dimensional (3D) images with a full space-bandwidth product of an image sensor from wavelength-multiplexed phase-shifted holograms and has been proposed since 2013. The bit resolution required to obtain a multiwavelength holographic image was quantitatively and experimentally evaluated, and the relationship between wavelength resolution and dynamic range of an image sensor was numerically simulated. The results indicate that two-bit resolution per wavelength is required to conduct color 3D imaging.

In SituX-Ray Tomography Measurements of Deformation in Cellular Solids

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maire ◽  
A. Elmoutaouakkil ◽  
A. Fazekas ◽  
L. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Solids ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Deformation Modes

AbstractThe use of microtomography to study the structure and especially the deformation modes of cellular solids is reviewed in this article. First, the technique is described in detail. Examples illustrating the power of the coupling ofin situdeformation with three-dimensional (3D) imaging, drawn from the recent literature and the authors' own work, are then given. The most detailed example is the study of the deformation modes of several samples made of different aluminum foams. Four kinds of closed-cell foams were investigated, corresponding to different routes available today for their manufacture. The initial macrostructure was quantified using the 3D images combined with 3D granulometry, allowing retrieval of pertinent information about the cell size and the wall and strut thicknesses. The global behavior exhibited by the foams during thein situcompression experiments was shown to vary from one brand of material to another. Some of these variations can be explained by differences in the known microstructure and the measured macrostructure of the samples.

scholarly journals Application of Three-Dimensional Imaging to the Intestinal Crypt Organoids and Biopsied Intestinal Tissues

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ya-Hui Tsai ◽  
Yuan-An Liu ◽  
Shih-Hua Lee ◽  
Sheng-Hong Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Intestinal Transplantation ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Nerve Network ◽  
Transplant Patients

Two-dimensional (2D) histopathology is the standard analytical method for intestinal biopsied tissues; however, the role of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging system in the analysis of the intestinal tissues is unclear. The 3D structure of the crypt organoids from the intestinal stem cell culture and intestinal tissues from the donors and recipients after intestinal transplantation was observed using a 3D imaging system and compared with 2D histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The crypt organoids and intestinal tissues showed well-defined 3D structures. The 3D images of the intestinal tissues with acute rejection revealed absence of villi and few crypts, which were consistent with the histopathological features. In the intestinal transplant for megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, the donor’s intestinal tissues had well-developed nerve networks and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the muscle layer, while the recipient’s intestinal tissues had distorted nerve network and the ICCs were few and sparsely distributed, relative to those of the donor. The 3D images showed a clear spatial relationship between the microstructures of the small bowel and the features of graft rejection. In conclusion, integration of the 3D imaging and 2D histopathology provided a global view of the intestinal tissues from the transplant patients.

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