In SituX-Ray Tomography Measurements of Deformation in Cellular Solids

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Maire ◽  
A. Elmoutaouakkil ◽  
A. Fazekas ◽  
L. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Solids ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Deformation Modes

AbstractThe use of microtomography to study the structure and especially the deformation modes of cellular solids is reviewed in this article. First, the technique is described in detail. Examples illustrating the power of the coupling ofin situdeformation with three-dimensional (3D) imaging, drawn from the recent literature and the authors' own work, are then given. The most detailed example is the study of the deformation modes of several samples made of different aluminum foams. Four kinds of closed-cell foams were investigated, corresponding to different routes available today for their manufacture. The initial macrostructure was quantified using the 3D images combined with 3D granulometry, allowing retrieval of pertinent information about the cell size and the wall and strut thicknesses. The global behavior exhibited by the foams during thein situcompression experiments was shown to vary from one brand of material to another. Some of these variations can be explained by differences in the known microstructure and the measured macrostructure of the samples.

scholarly journals 3D IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES: A REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pirard
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Estimation ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Made In

In recent years, impressive progress has been made in digital imaging and in particular in three dimensional visualisation and analysis of objects. This paper reviews the most recent literature on three dimensional imaging with a special attention to particulate systems analysis. After an introduction recalling some important concepts in spatial sampling and digital imaging, the paper reviews a series of techniques with a clear distinction between the surfometric and volumetric principles. The literature review is as broad as possible covering materials science as well as biology while keeping an eye on emerging technologies in optics and physics. The paper should be of interest to any scientist trying to picture particles in 3D with the best possible resolution for accurate size and shape estimation. Though techniques are adequate for nanoscopic and microscopic particles, no special size limit has been considered while compiling the review.

scholarly journals Explosion Resistance of Three-Dimensional Mesoscopic Model of Complex Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam Sandwich Structure Based on Random Generation Algorithm

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Wen Bin Gu ◽  
Xing Bo Xie ◽  
Qi Yuan ◽  
Yu Tian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coincidence Degree ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Polyhedral Particles ◽  
Mesh Model ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Wall Deformation ◽  
Deformation Area

According to the randomness of the spatial distribution and shape of the internal cells of closed-cell foam aluminum and based on the Voronoi algorithm, we use ABAQUS to model the random polyhedrons of pore cells firstly. Then, the algorithm of generating aluminum foam with random pore size and random wall thickness is written by Python and Fortran, and the mesh model of random polyhedral particles and random wall thickness was established by the algorithm read in by TrueGrid software. Finally, the mesh model is impo rted into the LS-DYNA software to remove the random polyhedron part of the pore cell. Compared with the results of scanning electron microscopy and antiknock test, the morphology and properties of the model are close to those of the real aluminum foam material, and the coincidence degree is more than 91.4%. By means of numerical simulation, the mechanism of the wall deformation, destruction of closed-cell aluminum foams, and the rapid attenuation of explosion stress wave after the interference of reflection and transmission of bubbles were studied and revealed. It is found that aluminum foam deformation can be divided into four areas: collapse area, fracture area, plastic deformation area, and elastic deformation region. Therefore, the explosion resistance is directly related to the cell wall thickness and bubble size, and there is an optimal porosity rule for aluminum foam antiknock performance.

scholarly journals Depth-varying Density and Organization of Chondrocytes in Immature and Mature Bovine Articular Cartilage Assessed by 3D Imaging and Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Jadin ◽  
Benjamin L. Wong ◽  
Won C. Bae ◽  
Kelvin W. Li ◽  
Amanda K. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neighboring Cell ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Cell Organization ◽  
Heterogeneous Tissue

Articular cartilage is a heterogeneous tissue, with cell density and organization varying with depth from the surface. The objectives of the present study were to establish a method for localizing individual cells in three-dimensional (3D) images of cartilage and quantifying depth-associated variation in cellularity and cell organization at different stages of growth. Accuracy of nucleus localization was high, with 99% sensitivity relative to manual localization. Cellularity (million cells per cm3) decreased from 290, 310, and 150 near the articular surface in fetal, calf, and adult samples, respectively, to 120, 110, and 50 at a depth of 1.0 mm. The distance/angle to the nearest neighboring cell was 7.9 μm/31°, 7.1 μm/31°, and 9.1 μm/31° for cells at the articular surface of fetal, calf, and adult samples, respectively, and increased/decreased to 11.6 μm/31°, 12.0 μm/30°, and 19.2 μm/25° at a depth of 0.7 mm. The methodologies described here may be useful for analyzing the 3D cellular organization of cartilage during growth, maturation, aging, degeneration, and regeneration.

Three-Dimensional Zinc Mapping inside Aluminum Foams Using Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1677-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Ohgaki ◽  
Y. Takami ◽  
Hiroyuki Toda ◽  
Toshiro Kobayashi ◽  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precipitated Phase ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
In Situ Experiments

Three-dimensional zinc mapping based on X-ray K-edge scanning has been performed. By microtomographies with energies above and below the K-absorption edges of the elements, the concentration distribution of the elements is evaluated during in-situ experiments, respectively. It is found that the Zn concentration distribution during the heat treatment was changed inside the cell wall of the aluminum foams and it has been homogenized. Also several precipitated phase transformation can be three-dimensionally visualized by the CT-method tuning X-ray energies.

scholarly journals A Review on Dual-Lens Fluorescence Microscopy for Three-Dimensional Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yubing Han ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Model Animal

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging using dual-lens fluorescence microscopies is popular in observing fluorescently labeled biological samples, such as mammalian/model animal cells, tissues, and embryos. Specifically, dual-lens super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods using two opposing objective lenses allow significantly higher axial resolution and better signal to noise ratio than traditional single-lens counterparts, and thus distinguish more details in 3D images of fine intracellular structures. For 3D imaging of thick tissues and entire embryos, dual-lens light-sheet fluorescence microscopy methods using two objective lenses, either orthogonal or non-orthogonal, to achieve selective plane illumination, can meet the requirements, and thus can be used to observe embryo development and structures of interest in thick tissues. This review summarizes both dual-lens fluorescence microscopy methods, including their principles, configurations, and 3D imaging applications, providing a guideline for biological laboratories with different 3D imaging needs.

Influence of Imperfections on Effective Properties of Cellular Solids

1998 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim L. Grenestedt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cellular Solids ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Perfect Model ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
Solid Foams

ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of cellular solids, or solid foams, is affected by “imperfections” such as wavy distortions of cell walls, variations in cell wall thickness, non-uniform cell shape, etc. The present paper is focused mainly on elastic stiffnesses of closed cell cellular solids. A “perfect” model is first discussed and shown to predict the behavior of PVC foams well. However, this model over-estimates the stiffnesses of aluminum foams. The relatively poor properties of the aluminum foam are believed to be caused by imperfections in the cells. The main body of the paper focuses on modeling different kinds of imperfections, and analyzing their impact on foam properties.

scholarly journals Wavelength-Selective Phase-Shifting Digital Holography: Color Three-Dimensional Imaging Ability in Relation to Bit Depth of Wavelength-Multiplexed Holograms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Tahara ◽  
Reo Otani ◽  
Yasuhiro Takaki
Keyword(s):  
Digital Holography ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
The Relationship

The quality of reconstructed images in relation to the bit depth of holograms formed by wavelength-selective phase-shifting digital holography was investigated. Wavelength-selective phase-shifting digital holography is a technique to obtain multiwavelength three-dimensional (3D) images with a full space-bandwidth product of an image sensor from wavelength-multiplexed phase-shifted holograms and has been proposed since 2013. The bit resolution required to obtain a multiwavelength holographic image was quantitatively and experimentally evaluated, and the relationship between wavelength resolution and dynamic range of an image sensor was numerically simulated. The results indicate that two-bit resolution per wavelength is required to conduct color 3D imaging.

scholarly journals Application of Three-Dimensional Imaging to the Intestinal Crypt Organoids and Biopsied Intestinal Tissues

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ya-Hui Tsai ◽  
Yuan-An Liu ◽  
Shih-Hua Lee ◽  
Sheng-Hong Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Intestinal Transplantation ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Nerve Network ◽  
Transplant Patients

Two-dimensional (2D) histopathology is the standard analytical method for intestinal biopsied tissues; however, the role of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging system in the analysis of the intestinal tissues is unclear. The 3D structure of the crypt organoids from the intestinal stem cell culture and intestinal tissues from the donors and recipients after intestinal transplantation was observed using a 3D imaging system and compared with 2D histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The crypt organoids and intestinal tissues showed well-defined 3D structures. The 3D images of the intestinal tissues with acute rejection revealed absence of villi and few crypts, which were consistent with the histopathological features. In the intestinal transplant for megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, the donor’s intestinal tissues had well-developed nerve networks and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in the muscle layer, while the recipient’s intestinal tissues had distorted nerve network and the ICCs were few and sparsely distributed, relative to those of the donor. The 3D images showed a clear spatial relationship between the microstructures of the small bowel and the features of graft rejection. In conclusion, integration of the 3D imaging and 2D histopathology provided a global view of the intestinal tissues from the transplant patients.

Validation of a Vision-Based, Three-Dimensional Facial Imaging System

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ayoub ◽  
A. Garrahy ◽  
C. Hood ◽  
J. White ◽  
M. Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Registration Errors ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Full Face

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a newly developed three-dimensional (3D) imaging system in recording facial morphology. Methods Twenty-one infants with cleft lip each had a full-face alginate impression taken at the time of primary lip repair, and a stone cast was constructed from each impression. Five anthropometric points were marked on each cast. Each cast was digitized, and the 3D co-ordinates of the five points were obtained using a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM, Ferranti) of documented accuracy (9.53 μm). Each cast was scanned in four positions using a computerized stereophotogrammetry (C3D) system. The five points were located on the 3D images, and their 3D co-ordinates were extracted by three operators. The co-ordinate systems produced by C3D were aligned, via translation and rotation, to match the CMM co-ordinate system using partial ordinary procrustes analysis. The displacements of the adjusted C3D co-ordinates from the reference co-ordinates were then measured. Three different types of errors were identified: operator, system, and registration errors. Results Operator error was within 0.2 mm of the true co-ordinates of the landmarks. C3D was accurate within 0.4 mm. The average displacement of points over the 21 casts at four positions for the three operators was 0.79 mm (median 0.68). Conclusions The presented 3D imaging system is reliable in recording facial deformity and could be utilized in recording cleft deformities and measuring the changes following surgery

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Image Quality Evaluation and Optimization Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Image Quality Evaluation ◽  
Global And Local

Currently, three-dimensional (3D) imaging has been successfully applied in medical health, movie viewing, games, and military. To make 3D images more pleasant to the eyes, the accurate judgement of image quality becomes the key step in content preparation, compression, and transmission in 3D imaging. However, there is not yet a satisfactory evaluation method that objectively assesses the quality of 3D images. To solve the problem, this paper explores the evaluation and optimization of 3D image quality based on convolutional neural network (CNN). Specifically, a 3D image quality evaluation model was constructed, and a 3D image quality evaluation algorithm was proposed based on global and local features. Next, the authors expounded on the preprocessing steps of salient regions in images, depicted the fusion process between global and local quality evaluations, and provided the way to process 3D image samples and acquire contrast-distorted images. The proposed algorithm was proved effective through experiments.

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