Optimal Сontrol of Technological Process of Carburization of Automotive Gears

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Livshitc ◽  
E.A. Yakubovich
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Carbon Distribution ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the basis for and implementation of an approach to the development of the individualised gas carburization technology relying on optimisation of the process of carburizing surfaces of workpieces and taking into consideration working requirements. The approach is based on the hierarchical structure of carburization models, utilising the decomposition of global quality criteria and reflecting the relationship between the quality values of the hardened layer and the parameters of a technological impact on the workpiece. Taking the example of carburization of automobile gears, optimal parameters for the carburization technology are defined which minimise the duration of the process and maximise the precision of approximation to a given carbon distribution in the hardened layer within technical limitations.

Structure Organization of Hierarchical Fuzzy Model Using Genetic Algorithm

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Toshio Fukuda ◽  
◽  
Yasuhisa Hasegawa ◽  
Koji Shimojima
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Fuzzy Rules ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes a method to organize the hierarchical structure of fuzzy model using the Genetic Algorithm and back-propagation method. The number of fuzzy rules increases exponentially with the number of input variables. Thus, a fuzzy system with many input variables has an extremely large number of fuzzy rules. Hierarchical structure of fuzzy reasoning is one of the methods to reduce the number of fuzzy rules and membership functions. However, it is very difficult to organize the hierarchical structure because the hierarchical structure cannot be constructed without considering the relationship among input and output variables. The proposed method can organize the suitable hierarchical structure for the relationship among input and output variables in teaching numerical data. It is based on the Genetic Algorithm with an evaluation function as a strategy that adopts a system with fewer fuzzy rules and more accurate outputs. The proposed method is applied to the approximation problems of multi-dimensional nonlinear functions in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Cross-Cultural Study of the Hierarchical Structure of Human Relationships

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing-Keung Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Subjects

A theoretical hierachy of human relationships is constructed in terms of altruism. It is hypothesized that the probability for an actor A to perform an altruistic act to a person B depends on the relationship between A and B, and the probability decreases consistently in the following order of relationships: close relatives, best friends, strangers who are very weak or very young or who are elite in society, common strangers, and enemies. Two hypothetical moral dilemmas were used to study the hierarchy and five test scores expressing correspondingly the above human relationships were constructed. The sample consisted of 400 English subjects in London and 519 Chinese subjects in Hong Kong. It was found that (i) the intercorrelations of the five score variables displayed a simplex-like structure and (ii) loadings for the score variables approximated a two-factor, semicircular configuration with score variables ordered by their hierarchical positions. The findings in both the London and Hong Kong Studies supported the proposed hierarchical structure of human relationships.

FEATURES OF SYSTEM MODELING ON THE CREATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR VEHICLE SERVICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
O. Sakno ◽  
T. Kolesnikova ◽  
V. Ollo ◽  
D. Moisia
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Technical Service ◽  
Recurrent Sequence ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Type Object ◽  
Technical Operation

When using the latest technologies in the technical service of the vehicle, it necessary to comprehensively understand all aspects of vehicle maintenance and the introduction of modern technologies. The proposed hierarchical structure of the macrosystem can show all spheres: the geosphere, the atmosphere, the technosphere, economic sphere, and etc. The hierarchical structure of the technical operation of vehicles, which contains set of technological processes of maintenance and set of technical systems of a vehicle. Each new technology is divided into the following systems: a technological process and a technical system. Presents features of the synthesis of elements of technology, which is implemented on the basis of a recurrent sequence of vehicle technical service (seven stages of synthesis) and maintaining vehicle reliability by creating a system of a given level of complexity. The technology is structured on the basis of two systems (such as "technological process" and "technical system"); this scheme is implemented in two main directions. Between the stages and directions of this scheme, communications are implemented on the basis of a recurrent sequence of vehicle technical service. This allows consistently, taking into account the previous stage, as well as the possibility of returning and refining the results of maintaining the reliability of the vehicle to create systems of a given level of complexity. Systems of the type "process" and the technological system of the type "object" are in turn also structured into systems, subsystems of several levels and elements. All these objects and the level of the macrosystem are always in close connection with each other. On the basis of this modeling, technologies should be conducted taking into account the balance of material, energy, information flows.

scholarly journals QUANTIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRAINAGE NETWORKS AT HILLSLOPE SCALE AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AT PEDON SCALE

Fractals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1540007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAQUÍN CÁMARA ◽  
MIGUEL ÁNGEL MARTÍN ◽  
VICENTE GÓMEZ-MIGUEL
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Textural Data ◽  
Hillslope Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, translating information about hydrologic and soil properties and processes across scales has emerged as a major theme in soil science and hydrology, and suitable theories for upscaling or downscaling hydrologic and soil information are being looked forward. The recognition of low-order catchments as self-organized systems suggests the existence of a great amount of links at different scales between their elements. The objective of this work was to research in areas of homogeneous bedrock material, the relationship between the hierarchical structure of the drainage networks at hillslope scale and the heterogeneity of the particle-size distribution at pedon scale. One of the most innovative elements in this work is the choice of the parameters to quantify the organization level of the studied features. The fractal dimension has been selected to measure the hierarchical structure of the drainage networks, while the Balanced Entropy Index (BEI) has been the chosen parameter to quantify the heterogeneity of the particle-size distribution from textural data. These parameters have made it possible to establish quantifiable relationships between two features attached to different steps in the scale range. Results suggest that the bedrock lithology of the landscape constrains the architecture of the drainage networks developed on it and the particle soil distribution resulting in the fragmentation processes.

scholarly journals Novel hierarchical structure of MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites for dramatically enhanced electromagnetic absorbing properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Du ◽  
Qipeng Zhang ◽  
Biao Zhao ◽  
Frank Marken ◽  
Qiancheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Composites ◽  
Microwave Absorbing ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn order to prevent the microwave leakage and mutual interference, more and more microwave absorbing devices are added into the design of electronic products to ensure its routine operation. In this work, we have successfully prepared MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hierarchical composites by one-pot hydrothermal method and focused on the relationship between structures and electromagnetic absorbing properties. Supported by comprehensive characterizations, MoS2 nanosheets were proved to be anchored on the surface and interlayer of Ti3C2Tx through a hydrothermal process. Additionally, TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained in situ. Due to these hierarchical structures, the MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites showed greatly enhanced microwave absorbing performance. The MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites exhibit a maximum reflection loss value of −33.5 dB at 10.24 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth covers 3.1 GHz (13.9–17 GHz) at the thickness of 1.0 mm, implying the features of wide frequency and light weight. This work in the hierarchical structure of MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites opens a promising door to the exploration of constructing extraordinary electromagnetic wave absorbents.

scholarly journals Novel Hierarchical Structure of MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx Composites for Dramatically Enhanced Electromagnetic Absorbing Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Du ◽  
Qipeng Zhang ◽  
Biao Zhao ◽  
Frank Marken ◽  
Qiancheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Composites ◽  
Microwave Absorbing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In order to prevent the microwave leakage and mutual interference, more and more microwave absorbing devices are added into the design of electronic products to ensure its routine operation. In this work, we have successfully prepared MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hierarchical composites by one-pot hydrothermal method and focused on the relationship between structures and electromagnetic absorbing properties. Supported by comprehensive characterizations, MoS2 nanosheets were proved to be anchored on the surface and interlayer of Ti3C2Tx through a hydrothermal process. Additionally, TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained in situ. Due to these hierarchical structures, the MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites showed greatly enhanced microwave absorbing performance. The MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites exhibit a maximum reflection loss value of −33.5 dB at 10.24 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth covers 3.1 GHz (13.9–17 GHz) at the thickness of 1.0 mm, implying the features of wide frequency and light weight. This work in the hierarchical structure MoS2/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx composites opens a promising door to the exploration of constructing extraordinary electromagnetic wave absorbents.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure of Protein Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8339
Author(s):  
Alexei N. Nekrasov ◽  
Yuri P. Kozmin ◽  
Sergey V. Kozyrev ◽  
Rustam H. Ziganshin ◽  
Alexandre G. de Brevern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Relationship

Most non-communicable diseases are associated with dysfunction of proteins or protein complexes. The relationship between sequence and structure has been analyzed for a long time, and the analysis of the sequences organization in domains and motifs remains an actual research area. Here, we propose a mathematical method for revealing the hierarchical organization of protein sequences. The method is based on the pentapeptide as a unit of protein sequences. Employing the frequency of occurrence of pentapeptides in sequences of natural proteins and a special mathematical approach, this method revealed a hierarchical structure in the protein sequence. The method was applied to 24,647 non-homologous protein sequences with sizes ranging from 50 to 400 residues from the NRDB90 database. Statistical analysis of the branching points of the graphs revealed 11 characteristic values of y (the width of the inscribed function), showing the relationship of these multiple fragments of the sequences. Several examples illustrate how fragments of the protein spatial structure correspond to the elements of the hierarchical structure of the protein sequence. This methodology provides a promising basis for a mathematically-based classification of the elements of the spatial organization of proteins. Elements of the hierarchical structure of different levels of the hierarchy can be used to solve biotechnological and medical problems.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

Justification of design parameters of the fractional reaping conveyor and its devices for removal of beveled stems from under the wheels of the vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Konstantinov ◽  
Ivan N. Glushkov ◽  
Sergey S. Pashinin ◽  
Igor I. Ognev ◽  
Tatyana V. Bedych
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Main Component

In this paper we consider the structural and technological process of the combine used in the process of separate harvesting of grain crops, as well as a number of its parameters. Among the main units of the combine, we allocate a conveyor and devices for removing beveled stems from under the wheels of the vehicle. The principle of operation of the conveyor at different phases of the Reaper and especially the removal of cut stems from under the wheels of the vehicle during operation of the Reaper. The results of theoretical studies on the establishment of the optimal design of the parameters of the belt conveyor are presented, the ranges of their optimal values are considered and determined. Studies on the establishment of optimal parameters of the screw divider in the Reaper, which is the main component of the device for removal of beveled stems, are presented. Taking into account the optimal design and mode of operation of the screw divider, the correct work is provided to remove the cut stems from under the wheels of the harvester.

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