Selection of breeding roosters during artificial insemination by the reaction of tonic immobility

The profitability increase of using laying hens is associated with an increase in their productivity and reduction of maintenance costs. This problem can be solved by two approaches: new methods for increasing the genetic potential of economically useful traits of chickens are being developed, and methods of ensuring the fullest realization of this potential are being sought. The main attention is paid to the selection of roosters, whose breeding qualities largely determine the “saturation” of the flock with the desirable genotypes. Analysis of the results of our research shows that roosters, especially in the maternal form, allocate very small amounts of ejaculate when massaging; most males have a difficult reaction to the massage. Moreover, by the age of 240 days, under the influence of long training, the number of such roosters decreased to 20-25%. However, the roosters, who later began to respond to the massage, often released ejaculates with volumes up to 0.2 cm3. Studies have shown that in the group of roosters with a small volume of ejaculate, the highest percentage (29.2%) of roosters was with a bad reaction to the massage and only 8.3% of roosters was with a good reaction. In the group with a large volume of ejaculates, there are 64.8% more roosters with a good response to the massage compared to the I group and 67.8% compared to the II group. When describing the duration of tonic immobility reaction of roosters, who release ejaculates with different volumes during the massage, which, as indicated earlier, reflects the level of arousal and inhibition processes, it turned out that the least duration of the state of tonic immobility reaction was found in roosters that give small volumes of sperm (60%) and only 10% of males had a duration of tonic immobility reaction within 409-900 seconds. There is a violation of the normal flow of neuroreflective processes in the body in the roosters with an increased process of arousal, which is manifested, for example, during natural mating. Such roosters have a bad reaction to massage and give small amounts of sperm. Therefore, determining the level of hypnotic state in roosters, that is, identifying the degree of balance between arousal and inhibitory processes can serve as an additional criterion for the phenotypic characteristics of breeding roosters with a certain response to massage and the volume of ejaculate.

Study of some economically valuable characteristics of genotypes of cotton that was selected by photosynthetic test signs in combination with classical selection methods

The article discusses the main results of research on the study of 28 cotton genotypes obtained from crossing ecological and geographical distant parental forms based on the principle, a set of economically useful traits. According to the obtained data, introgressive hybrids were characterized by more early ripening, yield and fiber yield in comparison with the zoned Khisor variety, which was used as a standard. It was established that the highest yielding genotypes differed: ALC-86/6 x Dusti-IZ, Cocer-4104 x Sorbon, Cocer-4104 x Ziroatkor-64, Cocer-4104 x Dekhkon, NAD-53 x Ziroatkor-64, NAD-53 x Dusti-IZ, NAD-53 x Dehkon, DP-4025 x Ziroatkor-64, DP-4025 x Dehkon, NAK-99/1 x Ziroatkor-64, which have a total yield of 90.0-100.0 g/plant, and prefrost 64.5-71.3 g/plant, which significantly exceeds the standard Khisor variety (by 45.8-55.8 g/plant and 31.3-38.1 g/plant). The same pattern also manifests itself in the yield of fiber combinations: Cocer-4104 x Sorbon (44.0%), Cocer-4104 x Dehkon (44.0%), NAD-53 x Dusty-IZ (44.0%), Nazilli-84-S x Dehkon (44.0%), AC-4 x Dusti-IZ (43.8%), Nazilli-84-S x Ziroatkor-64 (43.5%) and NAD-53 x Ziroatkor-64 (43.1%), outstand with more significant indicators (by 7.9-8.8%.), relatively to the zoned Khisor cultivar.

The relationship of the live weight of sheep of various ethological types with the live weight of their offspring

The aim of the study is to determine the live weight of Karakul sheep of Karakalpak suras of different ethological types in different physiological periods, the live weight of offspring and the relationship between these indicators. The study was conducted at Ltd “Istiklol karakul naslchilik”. During the study, the reaction of feed conversion was taken into account when classifying sheep according to ethological types. The live weights were measured on electronic scales. The data was processed biometrically. We studied the indicators of sheep’s live weight during the second period of lambing, the first period of lactation, the second period of lactation and after leaving the lactation period. These results were compared with the live weight at birth of their offspring. The results of the study showed that the live weight of the first ethological type of sheep was high in all physiological periods, and their offspring also had a higher live weight than their peers. The results of the study can be used in breeding in order to create herds that allow receiving the offspring with high live weight. The results of studies of the relationship between the live weight of the Karakalpak suras of Karakul sheep of different ethological types in different physiological periods and the live weight of their offspring are presented.

Features of energy metabolism in bull calves of Aberdeen angus breed under the influence of available diet protein levels

The complexity and identity of the metabolic processes in the digestive tract of ruminants impose strict requirements on the quantity and quality of nitrogenous substances in the diet. The increase in skeletal muscle mass is associated with the processes of protein synthesis and breakdown in the body. The direction of metabolic processes towards increasing the protein biosynthesis of the body is ensured by a sufficient supply of amino acids from the gastrointestinal tract to the metabolic pool of the body by optimizing the energy protein nutrition of ruminants. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of the level of metabolic protein in the diets of Aberdeen Angus bull calves on the bioconversion of metabolizable energy and amino acids into growth energy. The study involved the sequential conduct of 3 series of studies on bull calves of the Aberdeen Angus breed with a live weight of 277 kg, 317 kg and 363 kg. The animals of the 1st experiment were fed according to the RAAS (Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) standards, where the ratio of the metabolizable protein to the metabolizable energy was 8.2 g/MJ, in the 2nd and 3rd experiments the level of the metabolizable protein was 8.6 and 9.1 g/MJ per the introduction of 0.5 kg and 0.6 kg of soybean meal into the diet, respectively. At the end of each period, physiological experiments were performed. The studied parameter did not have a significant effect on the dry matter intake of the feed, and an increase in the diet of hard-to-break down protein contributed to an increase in the concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of dry matter. It was found that metabolizable energy and amino acids are effectively used to increase the live weight of bulls calves during the growing period on a diet in which the ratio of metabolizable protein to metabolizable energy is 8.6 g/MJ. A further increase in metabolic protein in the diet leads to an increase in heat production, which in turn increases the use of amino acids and metabolic energy in energy metabolism and reduces their contribution to the increase in live weight.

Cultivation agrotechnology of new intensive mung bean cultivars

Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is of great interest for implementation in agricultural production. With the development of farms, there are prospects for increasing its cultivation areas in the main and second crops as the main and combined crop. The cultivation of early ripening mung bean cultivars will allow you to get early production and will make it possible in time to clear the fields for the re-culture. In parallel, the problem of increasing soil fertility will be solved, and the green mass of mung bean can serve as an additional source for fodder production. The universality of the use of this culture testifies to its potential and value for the agriculture, since the mung bean can work as a food, technical, protein, feed and green manure cultivar. The purpose of these studies is to develop elements of varietal agricultural technologies of new intensive mung bean cultivars for growing in the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan. When developing varietal agricultural technology, the specificity of the reaction of different cultivars to the action of environmental factors (humidity, temperature, mineral fertilizers standards, timing and seeding rates, etc.) was taken into account. Based on the use of the WorldVeg Genebank of the World Vegetable Center (Taiwan) at the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, a number of new mung bean cultivars were developed and zoned across the republic: «Durdona», «Marzhon», «Zilola», «Turon», «Baraka», «Osiyo», «Zamin», and «Barkaror». They are very plastic in different soil and climatic conditions; they can be successfully cultivated in all areas of the republic. These cultivars are suitable for sowing both in spring and summer after cereals, vegetables and other crops, and they form a full-fledged crop under irrigation conditions, while soil fertility improves. New cultivars are suitable for mechanized harvesting. Products of these cultivars are suitable for export. The practical use of new intensive mung bean cultivars will contribute to an increase in agricultural production for the population and the development of the export potential of the republic.

Water saving technology of cotton sowing

This article presents the results of a technology of placing a plastic film in the space between cotton rows. We have studied physical and mechanical properties of soil before placing the film. We have proved that the plastic film in the spaces between the cotton rows retains moisture in the soil much longer and it is possible to obtain up to 22 kg/ha of raw cotton in the condition of water scarcity in the Karakalpakstan.

Studies of rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in the condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan

This paper is about studying the rootstocks for stone fruit breeds (sweet cherry) in condition of Hissar valley in Tajikistan. Each type of rootstock has its own biological characteristics and imposes specific requirements for growing and development, both during reproduction in the mother plantation and during the growth of trees. For example, the root system in sour cherry is more superficial that of wild sweet cherry. Therefore, the care of trees grafted on sour cherry and wild cherry and of mother plantation bushes of these rootstocks cannot be same. Besides, there are very significant differences among the individual groups of rootstocks. Wild cherry, Mahaleb cherry and Lubskaya cherry are used as rootstocks in the conditions of the Hissar Valley in Tajikistan. High specificity of sweet cherry cultivar varieties depends on the rootstocks. Phenological observation were carried out in our experiments during years 2013-2018 in order to study their winter resistance, yield capacity and fruit quality. The same care for root and grafted plants was carried out during the entire observation period. At the same time a certain ratio between the leaf system of the rootstock and the graft was maintained by trimming the crown. As a result of the evolution and selection, we have identified the wild cherry forms which are distinguished by the highest yields. The most valuable cultivar varieties are Napoleon cherry and Bagration cherry. Compotes made of these varieties have received high evaluation in tasting.

Attracting ability of medium-fiber cotton genotypes bolls and their yield

This article presents the results of determining the attracting ability of the whole box and the degree of its differences depending on the genotypes, as well as its prospects for solving practical problems of selection of medium-fiber cotton. Consequently, among the genotypes studied by us, a significant amount of the attractive ability of a single box, the value of attraction and the mass of raw cotton per box differed in 10 combinations, which are economically the most productive.

The rationale for the layout of working bodies of the wide-reach flat cutter for the tractor of traction class 8 by the criteria of material consumption and rolling resistance

The article describes the current development state of equipment and mechanical tillage technology. It is revealed that creation of tillage tool drags for the modern tractors of high traction class, is associated with certain difficulties caused by the fact that they must be wide, hinged or trailed and they must match the requirements of regulatory documentation, as well as fully ensure the implementation of agrotechnical requirements for technological processes. We conducted laboratory and field studies in order to obtain quantitative characteristics of changes in the rolling resistance of tractors from their working conditions in the soil environment. It is established that a working body operating in the free cutting mode has the minimum rolling resistance, and the maximum rolling resistance is obtained in the mode of blocked cutting at equal speeds. The technique proposed in the article allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the scheme of a wide-reach flat cutter for the tractor of traction class 8 according to the criteria of metal consumption and rolling resistance.

Philosophy of organic agriculture: background, history and modern concept

The purpose of the work is to reveal the concept of organic agriculture in a temporary aspect. Methodology and objects of the research are a comparative analysis of literary sources: the works of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of organic farming, foreign legislative acts, statistical data of FiBL and IFOAM. The result is the discovering of that the prerequisites for the emergence of organic production is the “green revolution”. Intensive farming led to the appearance of the opposite – organic movement. The authors considered the ideas of R. Steiner, A.T. Bolotov, V.I. Vernadsky, H. Muller, O. Mokiti, 4th Baron Northbourne, E. Balfour, A. Howard, R.L. Carson and M. Fukuoka. They laid foundation for the modern concept of organic farming. It includes four principles: health, ecology, justice, care. Authors of this article give a brief description of the state of organic agriculture in Russia and worldwide.