In Situ Stress Measurements during Welding Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Tatsumi Hirano ◽  
Daiko Takamatsu ◽  
Kosuke Kuwabara ◽  
Shuo Yuan Zhang ◽  
Takahisa Shobu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Tig Welding ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Stresses

Welding technologies are indispensable for fabricating various industrial structures and must be highly reliable. Since tensile residual stresses at surface after welding cause crack progress, it is important to understand how stresses built up during the welding process in order to optimize final residual stresses as reduced tensile or introduced compressive stresses. Therefore, we conducted in-situ measurements of phase transformations, stresses and temperatures during tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding to understand how stresses built up. X-ray diffraction rings were detected per 0.1 sec during TIG welding by using a large-area two-dimensional detector and the accuracy of the stress analysis was estimated to be 8 MPa using the sin2ψ technique. In this paper, we described the phase transformations of ferrite low-carbon rolled steel and the changes in stresses during TIG welding.

scholarly journals X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Residual Stresses in the Premium Rails Welded by Flash Butt Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bras Senra de Oliveira ◽  
Lino Alberto Soares Rodrigues ◽  
Ednelson Silva Costa ◽  
Eduardo de Magalhães Braga ◽  
Marcos Allan Leite dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Welding Technique

Abstract: This work is distinguished by searching for a non-destructive technology, and X-ray diffraction was validated by the XStress 3000 analyser. Measurements of residual stresses in the welded zone of premium pearlitic rails was performed, rail surface hardness of 370 HB and 0.79% carbon content. The welding of the rails was done by flash butt process, performed by Schlatter GAAS 80 stationary equipment. The results of the tensile and compressive stress measurements identified the residual stresses in the welded zone, with specific zones of tensile stresses misplaced at the weld center, with values up to 391 MPa, and compressive stresses, with values up to -166 MPa, as it moves away rails weld center. An important point of this study is the residual stress measurement considering a complete welding process, including: pre-grinding, flash butt welding, heat treatment, finishing grinding and straightening. Lastly, was observed the welding technique potentially can induce residual stresses at rails.

scholarly journals Dislocation densities in a low-carbon steel during martensite transformation determined by in situ high energy X-Ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 140249
Author(s):  
Juan Macchi ◽  
Steve Gaudez ◽  
Guillaume Geandier ◽  
Julien Teixeira ◽  
Sabine Denis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dislocation Densities

scholarly journals Evaluation of induced residual stresses on AISI 1020 low carbon steel plate from experimental and FEM approach during TIG welding process

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4415-4433
Author(s):  
I. B. Owunna ◽  
A. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Tig Welding ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Range

Induced residual stresses on AISI 1020 low carbon steel plate during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process was evaluated in this study using experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM). The temperature range measured from the welding experimentation was 251°C-423°C, while the temperature range measured from the FEM was 230°C-563°C; whereas, the residual stress range measured from the welding experimentation was 144MPa-402Mpa, while the residual range measured from the FEM was 233-477MPa respectively. Comparing the temperature and stress results obtained from both methods, it was observed that the range of temperature and residual stresses measured were not exactly the same due to the principles at which both methods operate but disparities between the methods were not outrageous. However, these values can be fed back to optimization tools to obtain optimal parameters for best practices.  Results of the induced stress distribution was created from a static study where the thermal results were used as loading conditions and it was observed that the temperature increased as the von-Mises stress increased, indicating that induced stresses in welded component may hamper the longevity of such component in service condition. Hence, post-weld heat treatment is imperative in order to stress relieve metals after welding operation and improve their service life.

Large Area Supersonic Jet Epitaxy of AlN, GaN, and SiC on Silicon

1996 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Lauhon ◽  
S. A. Ustin ◽  
W. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Free Jets ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Supersonic Jet Epitaxy ◽  
Carrier Gases

ABSTRACTAlN, GaN, and SiC thin films were grown on 100 mm diameter Si(111) and Si(100) substrates using Supersonic Jet Epitaxy (SJE). Precursor gases were seeded in lighter mass carrier gases and free jets were formed using novel slit-jet apertures. The jet design, combined with substrate rotation, allowed for a uniform flux distribution over a large area of a 100 mm wafer at growth pressures of 1–20 mTorr. Triethylaluminum, triethylgailium, and ammonia were used for nitride growth, while disilane, acetylene, and methylsilane were used for SiC growth. The films were characterized by in situ optical reflectivity, x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE).

In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction study of phase transformations in silver behenate

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Blanton ◽  
Swavek Zdzieszynski ◽  
Michael Nicholas ◽  
Scott Misture
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Structural dynamics of an iron molybdate catalyst under redox cycling conditions studied with in situ multi edge XAS and XRD

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11713-11723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Gaur ◽  
Matthias Stehle ◽  
Kristian Viegaard Raun ◽  
Joachim Thrane ◽  
Anker Degn Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Molybdate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Combination of in situ multi-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mo K- and Fe K-edges in combination with X-ray diffraction successfully uncovered structural dynamics and phase transformations of an iron molybdate catalyst during redox cycling.

In situ characterizations of phase transformations kinetics in the Ti17 titanium alloy by electrical resistivity and high temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 476 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Bruneseaux ◽  
Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier ◽  
Guillaume Geandier ◽  
Julien Da Costa Teixeira ◽  
Benoît Appolaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In-situ X-ray diffraction study of phase transformations in the Am–O system

2012 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Lebreton ◽  
Renaud C. Belin ◽  
Thibaud Delahaye ◽  
Philippe Blanchart
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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