scholarly journals An Arc Discharge by Closely Situated Electrodes for Synthesis of Nanostructures

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Nikola Koprinarov ◽  
Miko Marinov ◽  
Mariana Konstantinova
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Carbon Vapor ◽  
Discharge Area ◽  
Work Atmosphere ◽  
Vapor Stream ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanostructures

Geometry of electrodes, distance between them, work atmosphere and ambient temperature are the important factors, which determine quantity and variety of structures synthesized via arc discharge. Usually, electrodes of different cross-section are placed away from each other, allowing a large vapor stream directed into the reactor inside to be obtained. Generally, the anode is thinner than the cathode; it heats up to a high temperature, sublimates and supplies the carbon vapor required for nanoparticle synthesis. In contrast to this commonly used approach, when electrode dimensions are appropriately chosen and electrodes placed closely together, temperature interaction between them becomes considerable, discharge area constrains and hot electrodes can be used as heaters for the evaporation of materials of high melting point.

scholarly journals Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Hernandez-Tabares ◽  
Juan G. Darias-Gonzalez ◽  
Frank J. Chao-Mujica ◽  
Luis M. Ledo-Pereda ◽  
Manuel Antuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Electrode Erosion ◽  
Arc Power ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Product Homogeneity ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Submerged Arc

Many papers, in which the submerged arc discharge (SAD) method in nanoparticle synthesis was used, reported similar operating parameters, but different electrode erosion rate values, different yields and purities of the obtained nanostructures, and a different sort of contaminants present in the synthesis. Analyzing these articles, we found insufficient attention to ensure the arc power stability, which is a key factor guaranteeing the product homogeneity and quality. This paper presents an analysis of different control strategies, remarks their advantages and drawbacks, and proposes the most appropriate technique to be used in SAD. The most appropriate technique is proposed from the SAD stabilization method analysis.

scholarly journals Generation, transport, and efficient extraction of a large cross-section electron beam into an air in an accelerator with a mesh plasma cathode

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim S. Vorobyov ◽  
Tamara V. Koval ◽  
Nikolay N. Koval ◽  
Nguyen Bao Hung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Metal Foil ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Cathode ◽  
Discharge System

AbstractThe paper presents experimental and theoretical research data on the generation, transport, and extraction of a large cross-section (750 × 150 mm2) electron beam into the air through a thin metal foil in an accelerator with a mesh plasma cathode on the bases of a low-pressure arc and with a multi-aperture two-electrode electron-optical system. When the burning conditions of the arc discharge, responsible for the generation of the emission plasma, is changed, the characteristics of this plasma were investigated, including under the conditions of the selection of electrons from it. Our experiments show that at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, current in the accelerating gap of up to 30 A, and full width at half maximum of up to 100 µm, the average extracted power is ≈4 kW and the extracted beam current is ≈85% from the common current into the accelerating gap. Our numerical estimates give a good correlation between the arc and emission plasma parameters depending on the electrode configuration in the discharge system and on the mechanism of electron beam generation. Analysis of the emission plasma parameters under different arc conditions and of the mechanisms responsible for the beam energy loss suggests that most of the energy in the accelerator is lost at the support grid and at the output foil due to defocusing of the beam and partial electron reflection from the foil. Other mechanisms that decrease the extracted beam energy are discussed.

Enhancing effect of monoolein surfactant on carbon nanoparticle synthesis by arc discharge in liquid

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawatchai Charinpanitkul ◽  
Noriaki Sano ◽  
Poonlasak Muthakarn ◽  
Wiwut Tanthapanichakoon
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
Enhancing Effect

scholarly journals Determination of the voltage drop on a high-current vacuum arc discharge under conditions of a limited cross-section of the plasma flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 2064 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
A G Rousskikh ◽  
A S Zhigalin ◽  
V I Oreshkin ◽  
P Artyomov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
High Current ◽  
Plasma Gun ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Arc Current

Abstract The work is devoted to the study of the high-current vacuum arc discharge characteristics under conditions of a limited cross-section of the plasma flow. The experiments were carried out on the IMRI-5 setup with a sinusoidal arc current amplitude of 300–350 kA and a rise time of 500 ns. Aluminum rods with diameters from 3 to 7 mm were used as a cathode. The plasma flow was formed in a channel whose diameter was equal to that of the cathode. The features of the formation of a plasma jet with various configurations of the used plasma gun are described. The electrophysical parameters of the arc discharge are presented. Theoretical estimates of the voltage drop across the high-current arc during the outflow of a plasma flow through holes with a limited diameter are provided.

scholarly journals Automated system for the synthesis of nanostructures via arc-discharge in liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 035002 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hernández-Tabares ◽  
J G Darias-González ◽  
J Arteche-Díaz ◽  
E Carrillo-Barroso ◽  
L M Ledo-Pereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Discharge In Liquids ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanostructures

Das Temperatur-und Strömungsfeld in einem wandstabilisierten, magnetisch abgelenkten Bogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1694-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Momentum Equation ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Viscous Forces ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Material Functions ◽  
Induced Flow

Abstract The influence of the Lorentz forces -caused by a stationary transverse uniform magnetic field -and the thereby induced flow field on a wall-stabilized electric arc in argon is experimentally investigated. The unsymmetrical temperature fields in the arc discharge cross-section for different values of arc current and magnetic field are determined by measuring the continuum radiation absolutely. The material functions of argon are taken from recently published literature; the specific radiation u(T) is evaluated from our measurements. The convective term of the energy equation provides the component of the flow velocity parallel to grad T; herefrom, together with the continuity equation, the flow field is calculated. The evaluation of the momentum equation shows that within the main part of the arc-cross-section the Lorentz force is essentially compensated by a pressure gradient and not by inertial or viscous forces. The consistency of the results verifies the measurements, the applied material functions and the evaluation procedures.

On the transformation of carbon vapor in the gas-plasma jet of an arc discharge

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Alekseev ◽  
F. Chibante ◽  
G. A. Dyuzhev
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Carbon Vapor ◽  
Gas Plasma
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