Use of GIS Mapping in the COVID 19 Outbreak Management

: Currently, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has transformed into a severe public health crisis and wreaking havoc worldwide. The ongoing pandemic has exposed the public healthcare system's weaknesses and highlighted the urgent need for investments in scientific programs and policies. A comprehensive program utilizing the science and technologydriven strategies combined with well-resourced healthcare organizations appears to be essential for current and future outbreak management.

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GIS mapping to solve environment education tasks: interactive map of vegetation “Along the Doppelmair’s trail”

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2020-955-1-7-18 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 955 (1) ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

A.V. Myadzelets ◽

N.M. Luzhkova

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Image Interpretation ◽

Field Research ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Environment Protection ◽

Gis Technologies ◽

Interactive Map ◽

Unique Species

Environmental education is an important function of Protected Areas among them nature reserves. It includes development of visible and available materials on tours and routes, on geographical and environmental features of a territory, and on unique species of flora and fauna. Interactive map of vegetation “Along Doppelmair’s trail” is an example of scientific information visualization. It was made for a distant and restricted core area in Barguzinsky Nature Reserve. We applied traditional geographical approaches and methods (field research, geobotanical descriptions) and modern GIS technologies (creation of unit database on landscape foundation, satellite image interpretation, infogram visualization) to create the map. As a result a GIS product is created with ArcMAP and located on the ArcGIS Online platform. This map shows characteristic vegetation types, succession stages of pyrogenic dynamics of forest geosystems formed during a century period. Infograms demonstrate information on sites with wild animal encounters, vegetation distribution, landscape features, and photographical materials. This interactive map is a way for environment protection popularization and solving some educational tasks for Protected Areas. It gives an opportunity to study changes in vegetation from Lake Baikal shoreline to mountain peaks of Bаrguzinskii Range, learn typical flora and fauna species, including endangered ones, find interesting historical facts about the reserve, and, thus, get an idea of uniqueness and fragility of nature and the importance of protection attempts.

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Developing And Solving the Matters Of Cameral GIS-Mapping

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.22389/0016-7126-2012-127-130 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 870 (13) ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

A.G. Ivanov ◽

◽

S.A. Krylov ◽

A.V. Dvornikov ◽

G.I. Zagrebin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gis Mapping

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion—Flexible Enabling Technology for Variable Renewable Energy Integration in the Caribbean

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2192

Author(s):

Robert J. Brecha ◽

Katherine Schoenenberger ◽

Masaō Ashtine ◽

Randy Koon Koon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Small Island ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ◽

Thermal Energy Conversion ◽

Hourly Data ◽

Ocean Thermal Energy

Many Caribbean island nations have historically been heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels for both power and transportation, while at the same time being at an enhanced risk from the impacts of climate change, although their emissions represent a very tiny fraction of the global total responsible for climate change. Small island developing states (SIDSs) are among the leaders in advocating for the ambitious 1.5 °C Paris Agreement target and the transition to 100% sustainable, renewable energy systems. In this work, three central results are presented. First, through GIS mapping of all Caribbean islands, the potential for near-coastal deep-water as a resource for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is shown, and these results are coupled with an estimate of the countries for which OTEC would be most advantageous due to a lack of other dispatchable renewable power options. Secondly, hourly data have been utilized to explicitly show the trade-offs between battery storage needs and dispatchable renewable sources such as OTEC in 100% renewable electricity systems, both in technological and economic terms. Finally, the utility of near-shore, open-cycle OTEC with accompanying desalination is shown to enable a higher penetration of renewable energy and lead to lower system levelized costs than those of a conventional fossil fuel system.

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High burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania: a call to address its determinants

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00726-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno F. Sunguya ◽

Yue Ge ◽

Linda Mlunde ◽

Rose Mpembeni ◽

Germana Leyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Anemia in pregnancy is behind a significant burden of maternal mortality and poor birth outcomes globally. Efforts to address it need evidence on trends and its pertinent factors as they vary from one area to another. Methods We pooled data of 23,203 women of reproductive age whose hemoglobin levels were measured from two Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). Of them, 2,194 women were pregnant. Analyses employed descriptive analyses to determine the burden of anemia, its characteristics, and severity; GIS mapping to determine the regional changes of anemia between 2005 and 2015; and logistic regression to determine the remaining determinants of anemia among pregnant women using Stata 15. Results The burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania has remained unprecedently high, and varies between regions. There was no significant decline of anemia in general between the two periods after adjusting for individual, households, reproductive, and child characteristics [AOR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.774–1.202, p = 0.747). Anemia is currently prevalent in 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. The prevalence is more likely to be higher among women aged 15–19 years than those aged between 20–34 years. It is more likely to be prevalent among those within large families, with no formal education, food insecurity, lack of health insurance, had no antimalaria during pregnancy, and had low frequency of ANC attendance. On the other hand, delivery in a health facility may be potentially protective against anemia. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy remained persistently high and prevalent among 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. Efforts to address anemia are crucial and need to be focused in regions with increasing burden of anemia among pregnant women. It is imperative to address important risk factors such as food insecurity, strengthening universal health coverage, empowering women of reproductive age with education and especially nutritional knowledge and advocating for early antenatal booking, attendance, and facility delivery.

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Estimating epidemiologic dynamics from cross-sectional viral load distributions

Science ◽

10.1126/science.abh0635 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. eabh0635

Author(s):

James A. Hay ◽

Lee Kennedy-Shaffer ◽

Sanjat Kanjilal ◽

Niall J. Lennon ◽

Stacey B. Gabriel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Distribution ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Outbreak Management ◽

Viral Loads ◽

Time Estimates ◽

Load Distributions ◽

Random Samples ◽

Combining Data ◽

Polymerase Chain

Estimating an epidemic’s trajectory is crucial for developing public health responses to infectious diseases, but case data used for such estimation are confounded by variable testing practices. We show that the population distribution of viral loads observed under random or symptom-based surveillance, in the form of cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained from reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing, changes during an epidemic. Thus, Ct values from even limited numbers of random samples can provide improved estimates of an epidemic’s trajectory. Combining data from multiple such samples improves the precision and robustness of such estimation. We apply our methods to Ct values from surveillance conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a variety of settings and offer alternative approaches for real-time estimates of epidemic trajectories for outbreak management and response.

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