Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to increasing growing season temperature under different Soil management and crop protection regimes in the upcountry of Sri Lanka

Chlorfenvinphos (diethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-chlorovinyl phosphate) applied broadcast to field plots at 5.6 kg/ha a.i. (56 kg/ha Birlane 10G) 4 days prior to seeding resulted in traces of the parent compound in beets (Beta vulgaris L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.), parsnips (Pastinaca sativa L.), and rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) at harvest. The α isomer was found in all crops except beets at ~ 0.01 ppm. The β isomer was found in all crops with carrots and parsnips containing 0.09 and 0.06 ppm, respectively. Chlorfenvinphos residue concentrations in treated soil declined ~ 73% during the 23-wk growing season following pesticide application, but trace residues were detected in the soil 4 yr after application.

Download Full-text

Populations, diversity and identities of bacterial endophytes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-166 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 1125-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Binod B. Pageni ◽

Newton Z. Lupwayi ◽

Francis J. Larney ◽

Lawrence M. Kawchuk ◽

Yantai Gan

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Soil Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Its Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Phylogenetic Characterization

Pageni, B. B., Lupwayi, N. Z., Larney, F. J., Kawchuk, L. M. and Gan, Y. 2013. Populations, diversity and identities of bacterial endophytes in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1125–1142. Most plants host endophytic bacteria, but their identities and functions are usually unknown. Bacterial endophytes associated with potato grown after dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were isolated, quantified and identified in a field study that compared crop rotations (3 to 6 yr in length) and soil management (CONV, conventional; CONS, conservation) for dry bean, potato, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and spring wheat. Populations of culturable endophytes ranged from 2.83×103 to 7.65×103 colony-forming units g−1 of root dry matter. The populations and diversity of the endophytes were greater with CONS than CONV soil management, and tended to be greater in longer than shorter rotations. The community structures of the endophytes were different between CONV and CONS soil management. A terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene, and its sequencing, showed that CONS management systems contained more Proteobacteria than CONV management systems, and vice-versa for Acidobacteria. Bacteriodetes were found only in long CONS rotations. This phylogenetic characterization of potato endophytes is important for further studies on their effects on the host plants.

Download Full-text

Plant growth-promoting and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-356 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 835-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Binod B. Pageni ◽

Newton Z. Lupwayi ◽

Zafrin Akter ◽

Francis J. Larney ◽

Lawrence M. Kawchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Soil Management ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Hormone Production ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Pageni, B. B., Lupwayi, N. Z., Akter, Z., Larney, F. J., Kawchuk, L. M. and Gan, Y. 2014. Plant growth-promoting and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 835–844. Endophytes are microorganisms that live within a plant without harming it. Bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under different rotations (3 to 6 yr in length) and soil management (CONV, conventional; CONS, conservation) in irrigated cropping systems with dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). The endophytes were characterized for nitrogen fixation potential, phytohormone production and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties. The nitrogen-fixing nitrogenase (nifH) gene was detected in potato grown in all rotations, presumably partly because the soil in all rotations contained Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli from the dry bean phase. Sequence analysis revealed that it was homologous to the genes found in Burkholderia, Azospirillum, Ideonella, Pseudacidovorax and Bradyrhizobium species. Indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone production by endophytes isolated from potato grown under CONS management was 66% greater than that those isolated from potato grown under CONV management, and tended to be greater in longer than shorter rotations. When 12 endophytes were inoculated to dry bean, four increased shoot biomass by 27–34%, and six increased total (shoot+root) biomass by 25% on average. Endophytes from the longer CONS rotations (4–6 yr) resulted in significantly higher (by 9%) shoot biomass than the shortest CONS (3 yr) rotation. Six of 108 endophyte isolates exhibited antagonistic properties (reduced pathogen biomass by 12 to 58% in dual culture assays in liquid media) against potato pathogens Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Fusarium sambucinum and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. epedonicus. All the six isolates were from CONS soil management. Therefore, the benefits of long rotations, with their associated CONS soil management, to crop productivity in these irrigated cropping systems probably include nutritional (biological nitrogen fixation and IAA hormone production) and disease-control benefits imparted by endophytic bacteria.

Download Full-text

Identification of the accumulation of excess temperature during one growing season as a basis for determining suitability for potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) in a tropical region

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/653/1/012133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 653 (1) ◽

pp. 012133

Author(s):

I Firmansyah ◽

N Sevirasari ◽

E Sulistyaningsih ◽

M D Pertiwi

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Potato Plant ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Growing Season ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Excess Temperature

Download Full-text

Effects of N rates and harvest dates on the efficiency of 15N-labelled fertilizer on early harvested potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss91-050 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 519-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T. Sen Tran ◽

M. Giroux

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growing Season ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

Total N ◽

N Concentration ◽

Harvest Dates ◽

Final Harvest

The efficiency of 15N-labelled fertilizer on early harvested potaotes (Solanum tuberosum L., 'Norland') was studied in field experiments on two soil series (Saint-Damase loamy sand and Soulanges sandy loam) during a 2-yr period. The 15NH415NO3 fertilizer was band applied at 0 and 140 kg N ha−1 in 1985 and 0, 70, 140 kg ha−1 in 1986 and four harvests were made during the growing season. The foliage was in full canopy development at 65 or 75 d and its dry matter yield increased significantly with the application of fertilizer-N. At this time about 70% of the total N uptake was in the foliage. From this peak, foliage N decreased gradually with time to about 28% at 95 or 100 d as N was transferred to the tubers. The N concentration in tubers was nearly constant during the growing season. As tuber dry matter increased at each successive harvest, N uptake increased proportionally. Between the first two harvest dates, from 65 to 75 d, the average rates of N accumulation in tubers were 2.1 and 4.5 kg N ha−1 d−1 for the control and N fertilized plot, respectively. The root dry matter and N concentration increased with fertilizer-N and were generally lowest on the final harvest day. Marketable tuber yield responded to N fertilization on the severely N-deficient fields in 1985. But in 1986, the 140 kg N ha−1 treatment delayed the growth of marketable tubers. The percentage of N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) was also very high in 1985 fields and was at a maximum at 65 d (64–69%) with the 140 kg N ha−1 treatment. These values were lower for the same treatments in 1986 fields (39%) because of the larger amounts of available N in soils. The maximum coefficient of utilization (ICU) of labelled fertilizer N was 72–76% in 1985 and 63–68% in 1986. At the final harvest, about 36–50% of the applied fertilizer-N was found in the tubers. Key words: Nitrogen fertilization, 15N-labelled fertilizer, N use efficiency, harvest periods, potato

Download Full-text

Situación económica y social de la población de San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v0i0.1371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez ◽

Eileen Salinas-Cruz ◽

Jesús Martínez-Sánchez ◽

Mariano Morales-Guerra ◽

Romualdo Vásquez-Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Theobroma Cacao ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

San Jose ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Las Casas ◽

Vicia Faba L ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Objetivo: Establecer una línea base como fundamento para la intervención e inducción de innovaciones a través de escuelas de campo y planes de negocios. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se desarrolló en San José del Carmen, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Se elaboró una encuesta como instrumento para recabar en campo información de familias de la localidad con la finalidad de conocer su situación actual. La localidad de trabajo se eligió utilizando como criterio las poblaciones que se encuentran dentro de Cruzada Nacional contra el hambre y en la clasificación de la pobreza extrema Resultados: La localidad de San José del Carmen es considerada como de alta marginación, la población es bilingüe, su principal lengua es el Tzotzil, el nivel de estudios promedio es hasta el tercer año de primaria, las principales actividades productivas son la siembra de maíz (Zea mays L.), frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y haba (Vicia faba L.) que son utilizadas principalmente para autoconsumo. No cuentan con agua potable ya que su sistema es a través de la recaudación de agua de lluvia o a través de un jagüey. Sus principales actividades económicas son la albañilería por parte de los hombres, y venta de productos, tales como el pozol (bebida energética a base de maíz y cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), tostadas y algunos vegetales por parte de las mujeres. Las tostadas son producidas en forma artesanal con un proceso de doble nixtamalización y vendida en bolsas de 20 tostadas cada una, a un costo de MX$10.00 en los mercados de San Cristóbal de las Casas, una a dos veces por semana alrededor de 40 bolsas por día de venta. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La afiliación zapatista de alguno de los pobladores y el hecho de que algunos habitantes no hablen español, fueron factores que limitaron desarrollar al 100% el estudio; sin embargo, se considera que se tienen los elementos necesarios para establecer la línea base de la situación de San José del Carmen. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico servirá como una herramienta para establecer una intervención a través de innovaciones y planes de negocios en la comunidad de estudio. Los pobladores cuentan con herramientas necesarias para obtener nuevos conocimientos que ayuden a un desarrollo de su producción. El idioma no deberá de ser una limitante para ello.

Download Full-text