PERSISTENCE OF CHLORFENVINPHOS IN SOIL AND ITS UPTAKE BY SOME CROPS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
D. CHISHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pastinaca Sativa ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Field Plots

Chlorfenvinphos (diethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-chlorovinyl phosphate) applied broadcast to field plots at 5.6 kg/ha a.i. (56 kg/ha Birlane 10G) 4 days prior to seeding resulted in traces of the parent compound in beets (Beta vulgaris L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.), parsnips (Pastinaca sativa L.), and rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) at harvest. The α isomer was found in all crops except beets at ~ 0.01 ppm. The β isomer was found in all crops with carrots and parsnips containing 0.09 and 0.06 ppm, respectively. Chlorfenvinphos residue concentrations in treated soil declined ~ 73% during the 23-wk growing season following pesticide application, but trace residues were detected in the soil 4 yr after application.

INSECTICIDE RESIDUE IN SOIL, POTATOES, CARROTS, BEETS, RUTABAGAS, WHEAT PLANTS AND GRAIN FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF THE SOIL WITH DYFONATE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. SAHA ◽  
R. H. BURRAGE ◽  
Y. W. LEE ◽  
M. SAHA ◽  
A. K. SUMNER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Insecticide Residue ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate

Dyfonate (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) was incorporated into soil at the rate of 5.6 or 11.2 kg/ha as granules or emulsifiable concentrate and its persistence in soil and its absorption by potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), carrots (Daucus carota L.), beets (Beta vulgaris L.), rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were studied in four locations in Saskatchewan. Proportionately more residue persisted in the soil from the higher rate of application. About 33–35% of the Dyfonate applied as granules at the lower rate remained in the soil 4 mo after application, whereas about 38–41% remained from the emulsifiable concentrate. At the end of the same period, 52–64% of the granules applied at the higher rate remained in the soil as compared to 50–71% from the emulsifiable concentrate. Only 3–10% of the applied chemical remained in the soil 29 mo after application. No residue of dyfoxon (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonothioate) was detected in any soil. Potatoes, beets and rutabagas harvested 4 mo after application of Dyfonate had little (0.005 to 0.009 ppm) or no detectable (less than 0.005 ppm) residue, irrespective of the rate of application. Wheat seedlings had between 0.01–0.07 ppm Dyfonate and little or no detectable residue in the more mature plant or in the grain. Carrots grown in soil treated at the lower rate had about 0.35 and 0.04 ppm Dyfonate and dyfoxon, respectively, and at the higher rate, 0.81 and 0.06 ppm. About 77–94% of the residues in carrots could be removed by peeling.

NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND PETIOLE TISSUE TESTING IN PRODUCTION OF WHOLE SEED TUBERS OF THE POTATO CULTIVARS SEBAGO AND ATLANTIC

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. MacMURDO ◽  
R. K. PRANGE ◽  
R. VEINOT
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Tuber Number ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Field Plots

Field plots of Atlantic and Sebago potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) grown for whole seed potato production received five nitrogen treatments at planting (kg N ha−1): 0, 33, 66, 99 and 132. Petiole NO3-N concentrations were determined every 3 wk during the growing season. Supplemental nitrogen (42 kg N ha−1) was applied to the 33, 66, and 99 kg N ha−1 plots when the petiole NO3-N dropped below 1.5%. Both cultivars were harvested 90 d after planting. At harvest, Sebago had more tablestock size (> 70 mm) tubers whereas Atlantic had more seed size (< 70 mm) tubers. The optimum amount of nitrogen applied at planting was between 99 and 132 kg N ha−1 for production of seed tuber number and weight, depending on the cultivar. The petiole NO3-N concentrations increased with the amount of N applied at planting and all N treatments showed declining concentrations during the growing season. In general, Sebago had higher NO3-N concentrations than Atlantic. Supplemental nitrogen application using 1.5% as the critical petiole NO3-N value slowed the decline in petiole NO3-N but did not demonstrate conclusively that it improved tuber number or weight. Critical petiole NO3-N concentrations for Atlantic and Sebago potatoes are proposed.Key words: Nitrogen, Solanum tuberosum, petiole testing, seed tuber, potato

Yield and injury effects on vegetable crops planted in flumetsulam-treated soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O'Sullivan ◽  
R. J. Thomas ◽  
W. J. Bouw
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carry Over

The effect of flumetsulam on several vegetable crops grown following soybean was investigated over a 4-yr period. Flumetsulam was applied preplant incorporated to soybean at 0, 70 and 140 g a.i. ha−1 from 1992 to 1994. In trials 1 yr after flumetsulam application, cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), showed visual injury symptoms and reduced yields in 1993, while only cabbage showed visual injury symptoms and reduced yields in 1994 and 1995. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) showed injury symptoms only in 1993 and had no yield reduction. Cabbage also showed visual injury and reduced yields 2 and 3 yr following a 1992 flumetsulam application. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) showed visual injury symptoms in 1995, 3 yr after flumetsulam application. Generally, crop tolerance decreased linearly as application dose increased from 0 to 140 g ha−1. Minor visual injury symptoms did not correspond with a reduced yield. Injury was most severe on sites with the lowest soil pH values. Based on these studies, effects of flumetsulam from normal use rates (70 g ha–1) will carry over to injure-sensitive crops like cabbage, in the rotation for up to 3 yr, especially in low pH soils (pH 6.1 or less). Otherwise, a 22-mo planting interval is adequate to protect other vegetable crops in the rotation from injury and yield reductions. Key words: Crop injury, herbicide carryover, flumetsulam, yield

scholarly journals PROCESSAMENTO MÍNIMO DE SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L., MUSA PARADISÍACA L., BETA VULGARIS L., PYRUS MALUS L. E ESCURECIMENTO ENZIMÁTICO PÓS-CONDICIONAMENTO

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cleverson Matias Dos Santos ◽  
Anderson Aparecido Da Silva ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Freitas ◽  
Julia Peres Gonçalves ◽  
Lucélia Assunção do Prado
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Pyrus Malus

A qualidade visual das frutas e verduras está relacionada com a aceitação do consumidor, bem como deformações e coloração imprópria. O objetivo desse trabalho foi aplicar a tecnologia de processamento mínimo em frutas e hortaliças, avaliar a qualidade dos produtos aplicando diferentes métodos de conservação e embalagens, e estudar as formas de minimizar o escurecimento enzimático. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Ituiutaba, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com 3 tratamentos (controle, branqueamento e ácido cítrico 1%) e 4 repetições. As frutas e verduras foram selecionadas conforme a ausência de injúrias e higienizadas em solução com hipoclorito de sódio (150 ppm por 15 minutos), as vasilhas e utensílios em 200 ppm por 10 minutos; 20 ppm por 10 minutos e 1 ppm por 10 minutos. Após 7 dias atribuiu-se notas para escala visual, sendo: 1 – ótimo (com frescor e boa aparência); 2 – bom (com frescor e aparência levemente prejudicada); 3 – regular (pouco frescor e aparência prejudicada, porém ainda em condições de ser comercializado); e 4 – péssimo (não-comercial). A batata e beterraba não deterioraram 100% nos tratamentos; a maçã-verde e a banana deterioraram antes do prazo de 7 dias para alguns tratamentos. Sob esses aspectos, pôde-se concluir, portanto, que a validade de 7 dias poderia ser atribuída à batata (Solanum tuberosum L.), maçã-verde (Pyrus malus L.) e a banana (Musa paradisíaca L.) para o tratamento com ácido cítrico 1%; para a beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.) a validade de 7 dias poderia ser atribuída ao tratamento por meio de branqueamento.

scholarly journals The effect of hypothermia on the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system of plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 82-101
Author(s):  
Mariia Bobrova ◽  
Olena Holodaieva ◽  
Svitlana Koval ◽  
Olha Tsviakh ◽  
Olena Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
The State ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Edible Parts

Aim of the research: to identify changes in the value of indicators of the state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system (PAS) in the tissues of edible parts of agricultural plants under the influence of temperature changes. Methodology: Quantitative determination of indicators of the state of PAS was performed on tissue samples of edible parts of the following plants: Solánum lycopérsicum L., Сucumis sativus L., Capsicum annuum L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum tuberosum L., Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Daucus carota L., Beta vulgaris L., Cucurbita pepo var. Giraumontia L. The concentration of superoxide anion radical (•O2-), TBA-active products, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase, the concentration of ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) were determined. The results of the research show that hypothermia activates both parts of the PAS, however, cooling is accompanied by more powerful both low molecular weight and enzymatic antioxidant (AO) protection. The research of AO can be divided according to the degree of reduction of the protective value in hypothermia in the following series: SOD, catalase, GSH, AA. The most resistant in terms of changes in PAS to hypothermia is Solanum tuberosum L., Allium sativum L., Beta vulgaris L.; the least resistant is Capsicum annuum L., and Solánum lycopérsicum L. The generative organs of plants are less resistant to hypothermia than the vegetative ones. Practical consequences. As a result of the conducted biochemical analysis, it is established which method of storage of plant products is more effective in terms of preservation of AO activity: cooling or freezing.

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