OBSERVATIONS ON THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) INHABITING THE LEAF AXILS OF TWO SPECIES OF BROMELIACEAE ON ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Dry Areas

AbstractOn St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, the leaf axils of two species of Bromeliaceae were sampled for dipterous larvae. One half of the collections were made from the axils of Tillandsia utriculata, restricted almost entirely to the dry, coastal portions of the island, and the other half from Aechmea lingulata, found in the moist mountainous regions. Three species of Chironomidae, representing three subfamilies, and five other families of nematocerous larvae were found. Though species of Diptera were found throughout the island, the Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae were restricted to the dry areas, and the Culicidae were found predominantly in Aechmea lingulata, on Bordeaux Mountain.

Subsidence in the European Area

1934 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
R. G. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
European Area ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Granitic Layer ◽  
Sedimentary Layer

The structure of the earth was supposed by Suess to be tripartite, there was an outer layer of rocks mainly granitic, the sal, or sial as it is usually now called. This rested, or “floated”, on a dense layer called the sima, of basaltic character, within which was the earth’s core, or nife, metallic in nature. Such a simple conception has been modified in the light of later knowledge: geologically there is much evidence pointing to the existence of several shells of increasing density within the crust. This is to some extent supported by the evidence of seismology, the layers below the upper sedimentary layer being the Granitic, the Intermediate (of tachylyte or diorite) and Lower Layers (dunite, peridotite, or eclogite) (1). According to the latest information there are four layers intermediate between the granitic and lower layers: the thickness of the sedimentary layer varies from about 2 to 6 kilometres in mountainous regions: the thickness of the granitic layer varies, being about 10 to 12 kilometres in Central Europe. In low-lying regions the total thickness of these two layers is probably about 6 kilometres less than in mountainous regions: “the thicknesses of the other layers are very difficult to determine; the upper two probably have together a thickness of about 15 kilometres, but the others can hardly be determined from the observations” (2).

scholarly journals St. Lucian Kwéyòl on St. Croix: How gender and education affect language choice and attitudes in a multilingual context

2011 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Edward S. Mitchell ◽  
Diana Ursulin Mopsus
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Crucian Creole ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Based on interviews conducted within a community of St. Lucian Creole (Kwéyòl) speakers on the island of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, the authors investigated the use of and attitudes towards Kwéyòl, English, Spanish, and Crucian Creole, the four most widely-spoken languages on St. Croix. The article examines the roles of two social variables, namely gender and education, in questions of language choice and attitudes in this bilingual creolophone community. Some of the more remarkable revelations of this study were found in the many apparently conflicting responses. On the one hand, we observed a general trend towards the loss of Kwéyòl, yet on the other, pride in the language is exceedingly high. We observed a strong tendency pointing towards a taboo against speaking Kwéyòl in public on St. Croix, while at the same time, a significant number proclaimed the right to speak Kwéyòl in public.

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bakker
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other

Three Dutch creoles, all of them extinct, have been documented, but not all to the same extent. Negerhollands of the Virgin Islands has been documented throughout a 250-year period, Berbice Dutch of Guyana during two decades of solid fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s, and Skepi Dutch is only known through a handful of sentences and some 200 words collected in the 1970s. In this article, the lexical and grammatical data from the three creoles are compared, to the extent that they are available and comparable. The lexicons are compared on the basis of the etymological sources (from Dutch and other languages, and when the source is Dutch, whether the same or different words provide source for the same meanings), and the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the roots. The grammatical comparison is done initially on the basis of the 10 grammatical traits deductible from the scarce Skepi material, and then on the basis of a larger set of 22 traits, where Skepi could not be taken into account. Typologically, Berbice Dutch appears closer to Dutch than the other two creoles, but lexically it is farthest from Dutch. For some of the analyses, phylogenetic software was used to visualize connections and distances between each of the creoles and Dutch. The conclusion is that the three creoles came into being independently, with some areal contact between Skepi Dutch and Berbice Dutch. It is also argued that the varieties of the 20th-century Negerhollands had become so typologically distinct from those of the 18th century that they should be treated as varieties of two separate languages. The documented forms of the language show a gradual move away from Dutch and toward a more creole-like profile in the 20th century.*

scholarly journals Assessment and quantification of meteorological data for implementation of weather radar in mountainous regions

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-802
Author(s):  
ALBAN KURIQI
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Radar ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Effect ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Ground Clutter ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

The scope of this paper is to improve observation and detection of hydro-meteorological hazard over the Grenoble region which is characterised by significant changes of terrain in altitude and geomorphology. The city of Grenoble is located at a height between 200 up to 500 m, installing the weather radar in this range of elevation leads to better quality measurements, but visibility and as well coverage capability will be reduced at the other sites of the affected region. Two locations are shortlisted for the implementation of the future weather radar in Grenoble; (i) Moucherotte (1920 m a.s.l.) and (ii) Saint Eynard (1365 m a.s.l.). Several simulation and data analysis are performed to get the clear picture about precipitation variability by considering meteorological data from individual ground stations and radio sounding data as well. Compared to previous work, in this study is considered climatology of the vertical structure of the rainfall. In this context, several statistical computations are done regarding 0°C isotherm altitude. Concerning rainfall error estimation, ground clutter and screening effect, statistical calculations by using VISHYDRO code, are performed by for different quintiles for several elevation angles in both shortlisted sites. The results obtained from calculations carried out on two locations are almost similar. Also, significant under and over-estimation of rainfall error due to screening and ground clutter effect are detected. To achieve more accurate results, other sites need to be tested for further simulation. On the other hand since ground clutter, and screening effect at the Moucherotte is not too high compare with Saint Eynard, this site may be considered for implementing the future weather radar for observation of the meteorological processes over the Grenoble region.

scholarly journals Landfills as anthropogenic landforms in urban environment from Neamţ county

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Complex Pollution

Landfills are the most common and easiest methods to dispose the municipalwaste in Romania and still prevails in current waste management options.This type of critical infrastructure was designed to dispose urban wastegenerated over years or even decades and ultimately led to creating newlandforms in the urban landscape. On the other hand, these sites are majorsources of complex pollution unfulfilling EU regulations, being scheduledto be closed. This paper aims to analyze landfills as anthropogeniclandforms by applying GIS techniques emphasizing them in a geographicalcontext and not only in situ. The location of these sites usually onalluvial plains of rivers leading to positive landforms that may changehydrogeomorphology dynamics or to be exposed to the floods. The other side,their location in hilly or mountainous regions increase vulnerability toother geomorphological process (gully erosion, landslide). Also, theextension of human settlements and land use is influenced by the presenceof such a site either it is closed. The implications of these landforms arevaried and must belinked to geographical realities from around. Thus, the mapping of theseanthropogenic landforms contribute to a better understanding of thesystemic interactions from the local environment. This approach may be animportant tool for EIA studies, in the process of rehabilitation,post-monitoring andreintegration of these landfills.

scholarly journals Chromosome numbers of some Brentid and Curculionid weevils from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

1969 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Niilo Virkki ◽  
Charles W. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Anthonomus Eugenii ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Mona Island ◽  
The U.S

Chromosomes of 24 curculionoid species from the Greater Puerto Rico Region, including the U.S. Virgin Islands are listed. Seven are endemic and eight are notable agricultural pests. The male meioformula of the broadnosed weevils (Brachyderinae, Otiorhynchinae) as well as of the brentid Cylas formicarius elengantulus is the expected 10 + Xyp, except for the phyllobiine Lachnopus kofresi from Mona Island (16 + Xyp). Representatives of the other curculionid subfamilies had higher autosomal numbers and primitive sex bivalent, Xyp. An exception was Anthonomus eugenii, which has a sex trivalent (X1X2Y) in the male. For morphological and cytological reasons, Lachnopus coffeae montanus Marshall, L. seini Wolcott, and L. yaucona Wolcott were synonymized with L. coffeae Marshall (NEW SYNONYMIES). One species of Ischionoplus (Brachyderinae) is new to science and it is endemic for Mona Island.

scholarly journals Distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsewang Namgail ◽  
Sipke E. van Wieren ◽  
Herbert H.T. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Abstract Large-scale distribution and diversity patterns of mammalian herbivores, especially less charismatic species in alpine environments remain little understood. We studied distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh to see if the distributions of less prominent and smaller herbivores can be determined from those of larger and more prominent herbivores like ungulates. Using a similarity index, we assessed shared distributions of species in 20×20 km2grid-cells in an area of about 80,000 km2. We used the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) to classify mammalian herbivores into groups with similar distributions. We then used the G-test of independence to look for statistical significance of the groups obtained. We identified six groups of mammalian herbivores with distributions more similar than expected at random. The largest group was composed of nine species whereas the other large group comprised six species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), used to relate the groups with environmental features, showed that the largest group occurred in higher and flatter areas, while the other large group occurred in lower and steeper areas. Large herbivores like ungulates can be used as surrogate for less prominent small herbivores while identifying areas for latter’s protection in the inaccessible mountainous regions of the Trans-Himalaya.

Taxonomic Revision of the Vachellia acuifera Species Group (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in the Carribean

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. David Clarke ◽  
David S. Seigler ◽  
John E. Ebinger
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
British Virgin Islands ◽  
Vegetative Characters

Twelve Caribbean species of Vachellia (formerlyAcacia subgenus Acacia) are formally monographed with taxonomic, habitat, geographic distribution descriptions, and lists of representative specimens examined. The species treated here are all part of the informal Vachellia acuifera group, which is characterized by generally enlarged stipular spines borne in clusters on the stems, 1–3 pairs of pinnae per leaf, and 20–50 stamens. Ordination analyses of vegetative characters show that these species form discrete groups in two- and three-dimensional plots. Vachellia baessleria Clarke, Seigler, & Ebinger, endemic to Guantánamo and Las Tunas, Cuba, is newly described. Vachellia acuifera is wide ranging, occurring from the Bahamas to Cuba. The other species are highly restricted in their distribution and ecological setting. Four of the species are only known from Hispaniola (V. barahonensis, V. caurina, V. cucuyo, and V. oviedoensis) and six only from Cuba (V. baessleria, V. belairioides, V. bucheri, V. daemon, V. roigii, and V. zapatensis). Another species, V. anagadensis, is only found on the island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands.

scholarly journals Felix Andries Vening Meinesz, 1887-1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 294-308 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
Vening Meinesz ◽  
Technological University

Felix Andries Vening Meinesz was born at Scheveningen on 30 July 1887. He was one of the four children of Sjoerd Anne Vening Meinesz by his marriage to the Honourable Miss C. A. C. den Tex. His father was mayor of the towns of Rotterdam (1880-1890) and Amsterdam (1891-1901). Vening Meinesz attended primary and secondary schools at Amsterdam and in 1905 enrolled as a student at the Technological University of Delft, where he graduated in civil engineering in 1910. Vening Meinesz was at once offered employment by The Netherlands Geodetic Committee and was requested to take charge of the gravity measurements in the Netherlands. His appointment followed on 1 October 1910. Shortly before his death he recalled the accidental character of this decision which so much influenced his career. The significance of Vening Meinesz’s task with The Netherlands Geodetic Committee will be better understood if one keeps track of the discussions during the meetings of the International Association of Geodesy held between 1885 and 1910. As argued by Helmert, the role of the direction and the intensity of gravity in determining the shape of the earth was being stressed more and more. Helmert himself frequently reported on the pendulum observations contributed by different countries. However, he considered it desirable to determine the earth’s shape not only by means of arc measurements on the continents, but also by means of gravity measurements in the ocean areas. He had already noticed the relation between the intensity of gravity and the local constitution of the earth’s crust; on the other hand he suggested that the geologists should be careful not to draw premature conclusions. Thus according to The Netherlands Geodetic Committee in a report of 1889 concerning an international meeting in Paris: ‘Communications on the investigation of the intensity and the direction of gravity were very important. These could be used as an example of what could be performed in the Netherlands in this respect. For, although because of the minor differences in elevation and the uniformity of the landscape in this country, probably the results to be expected will not be as important as those obtained in more mountainous regions, observations of this kind are desirable in addition to the work accomplished in Germany and France.’

IN SEARCH OF SILENCE – SOUND AS A TOURIST VALUE OF MOUNTAIN HIKING TRAILS

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Magdalena Malec
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Hiking Trails ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose. The aim of this work was to assess the sound landscape of two popular mountain trails located in often visited mountain regions – Gorce (the route to Turbacz) and the Beskid Wyspowy (the route to Luboń Wielki). The work focuses on relations between tourists and the soundscape. More and more often, searching for resting places, tourists choose quiet and peaceful places. On the one hand, they allow for relaxation and regeneration, while on the other, they allow for acquainting and understanding the surrounding nature better. Silence in terms of the ability to hear the most subtle sounds of nature, should be promoted as the basic tourist value of a given place. One cannot forget about the characteristic sounds of cultural origin that determine the spirit of a place. Methods. The usefulness of mountainous regions to create quiet and peaceful places suitable for rest and to promote these places as a tourist value was assessed. On the other hand, research has highlighted the impact of excessive tourism pressure on landscape and nature. During the research, the sound level and the inventory of characteristic sounds were measured. Findings. In the analysed period, both routes were characterised by high naturalness – the sounds of natural origin prevailed. The pressure caused by tourism was not very visible, as could be seen in the high activity of birds and small mammals, and in the possibility of hearing the subtle sounds of nature. In spring, on weekdays, such areas can be good places for rest and relaxation for residents of large urban agglomerations. However, the seasonality of tourist traffic also affects changes in the sound sphere of these places. Research and conclusions limitations. The research concerns only one season of the year (late spring) and weekdays. It is necessary to carry out this type of research at different times of the year and at the weekend to show the variability of this parameter in time and space. Practical implications. Research indicates noise hazards resulting from tourist traffic on the trails, but contrarily, it indicates the possibilities of using the sound landscape to promote tourist areas of the Polish mountains. Originality. In the literature on tourism and anthropopressure, there are relatively few reports regarding the acoustic sphere of mountain tourist areas and mutual relations between the sound landscape and terrain users. Type of paper. An article presenting the results of empirical research.

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