DEVELOPMENT AND BIONOMICS OF CHRYSOMELOBIA LABIDOMERAE (ACARI: TARSONEMINA; PODAPOLIPIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE MILKWEED LEAF BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Baker ◽  
George C. Eickwort
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
High Population ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Original Length ◽  
Chrysomelobia Labidomerae ◽  
Pharate Adult

AbstractAdult females of Chrysomelobia labidomerae Eickwort lay eggs on the upper surfaces of the hind wings of Labidomera clivicollis (Kirby). The eggs hatch in approximately 7 days and male and female larvae feed at the base of the wings and in the meso–metathoracic crevice and swell to about twice their original length. For about the second half of the approximately 7-day larval stadium, the larvae are inactive (pharate adults) and are usually cemented to the undersurfaces of the elytra. Inactive female larvae are accompanied by adult males that apparently copulate with the newly emerged adult females. The pharate adult is enclosed in a cuticular sac that may represent a calyptostatic nymphal instar. Adult females feed on the beetle’s abdominal terga and sometimes also occur on its venter where they do not feed. Females disperse from host to host when the beetles copulate. The species is arrhenotokous. Mites overwinter on the diapausing adult beetles and do not infest the immature stages of their host. Even at high population levels, the mites do not noticeably affect the longevity or fecundity of their hosts.

A new species of Centrouropoda (Acari: Uropodidae: Uropodina), with a key to the world species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4706 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
REHAM I.A. ABO-SHNAF ◽  
SALLY F.M. ALLAM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
World Species ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The World ◽  
Bahariya Oasis ◽  
A New Species

The present work provides descriptions of a new species of mite, Centrouropoda bahariyaensis n. sp. (Uropodidae), based on the adult female and male collected from the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its habitat at El-Bawiti, Bahariya Oasis, Egypt. Complete descriptions of the immature stages are included. Keys to the known species of genus Centrouropoda Berlese based on adult females, adult males and deutonymphs are provided.

Host demographic predicts ectoparasite dynamics for a colonial host during pre-hibernation mating

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 1260-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
QUINN M. R. WEBBER ◽  
ZENON J. CZENZE ◽  
CRAIG K. R. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Energetic Constraints ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Parasite Exposure ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

SUMMARYParasite dynamics can be mediated by host behaviours such as sociality, and seasonal changes in aggregation may influence risk of parasite exposure. We used little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) captured during the autumn mating/swarming period to test the hypothesis that seasonal and demographic-based variation in sociality affect ectoparasitism. We predicted that ectoparasitism would: (1) be higher for adult females and young of the year (YOY) than adult males because of female coloniality; (2) increase for adult males throughout swarming because of increasing contact with females; (3) decrease for adult females and YOY throughout swarming because of reduced coloniality and transmission of individual ectoparasites to males; (4) be similar for male and female YOY because vertical transmission from adult females should be similar. Ectoparasitism was lowest for adult males and increased for males during swarming, but some effects of demographic were unexpected. Contrary to our prediction, ectoparasitism increased for adult females throughout swarming and YOY males also hosted fewer ectoparasites compared with adult and YOY females. Interestingly, females in the best body condition had the highest parasite loads. Our results suggest that host energetic constraints associated with future reproduction affect pre-hibernation parasite dynamics in bats.

scholarly journals Description of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with notes on nesting and biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 12990-12994
Author(s):  
Suvarna S. Khadakkar ◽  
Ashish D. Tiple ◽  
Arun M. Khurad
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
Support Projection

Immature stages of Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius) are described for the first time along with notes on nidification and biology.  The larvae differ from other Scarabaeinae species in the structure of raster on tenth sternum with two irregular bunches of serrations ventrally one on either half.  Pupae with pronotum transverse having rounded margins resemble adults, and consist of four lateral, single caudal and single pteronotal support projection.  Adult males and females differ in coloration, structure of pronotum, presence of spine like process on mesosternum and, in the structure of male and female genitalia.

Conjoined Ordering of Color Terms by Children and Adults

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathi Conley ◽  
William E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
First Graders ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Color Terms ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Female Children

Preferences for ordering conjoined color terms in English were examined for twenty first-graders and twenty-one adults. On each trial the subjects were asked to name the two colors included in a pair of intertwined shoelaces. For children the results showed that ordering preferences were determined primarily by differences in brightness rather than hue or saturation, with relatively dark colors ordered before relatively light colors. The hue dimension showed more importance for adults, with red, pink, and purple typically occurring in first position. A small number of conjoined color pairs exhibited a significant ordering preference, with most of these pairs including white in second position. The strength of the ordering effect is related to the perceived level of contrast between the two colors, with more highly contrastive pairs being more likely to exhibit a fixed ordering. Additional results showed that ordering preferences were unrelated to individual color preferences, that adult females showed stronger ordering tendencies than adult males, and that the ordering exhibited by both male and female children correlated better with the ordering of adult females than with the ordering of adult males.

Profilicollis botulus (Acanthocephala) abundance in the eider duck (Somateria mollissima) on the Ythan estuary, Aberdeenshire

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Shore Line ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe abundance of Profilicollis botulus was monitored in eider ducks for 3 years. No significant difference in P. botulus abundance was found between eiders taken alive and those collected dead from the shore line, or between adult males and adult females. Adult male eiders had a seasonal pattern of infection. Incubating female eiders lost their infection in almost all cases, suggesting that a seasonal pattern of infection must also occur in these birds. Eiders in their first winter had P. botulus abundances which were approximately 10 times that of adult eiders, but by the following summer the abundance had declined to that found in adults. Data are compared with previous studies undertaken on the Ythan estuary. Captive eiders were used to determine the developmental rate of female P. botulus and the percentage of administered cystacanths which established in the intestine. There was no evidence to suggest that male and female P. botulus have different life–spans.

Parasitism of damselflies (Enallagma boreale) by gregarines: sex biases and relations to adult survivorship

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Hecker ◽  
M R Forbes ◽  
N J Léonard
Keyword(s):  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Potential Confounding Factor ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Enallagma Boreale ◽  
Sex Biases

We studied host damselflies Enallagma boreale (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) and their gregarine parasites (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinidae) to elucidate the causes and consequences of any sex biases in parasitism of adult hosts. Larvae of both sexes were highly infected, but there was no difference between male and female larvae in either prevalence or intensity of gregarine infections. Newly emerged adults had few or no parasites, thereby setting the stage for investigating accumulation of parasites by adults. Adult females had a higher prevalence and intensity of infection by gregarines than did males, but only on 1 (of 2) days when the potential confounding factor of host age was controlled for. Both adult males and females showed a positive correlation between longevity under conditions of food stress and the number of gregarines they initially carried. This finding may be explained if the food ingested with the infective cysts is more beneficial than the parasites are harmful, and it also has implications for investigating sex biases in numbers of trophically transmitted parasites of such insects.

scholarly journals Estimating pre-harvest density, adult sex ratio and fecundity of white-tailed deer using wildlife cameras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Brommer ◽  
Jenni Poutanen ◽  
Jyrki Pusenius ◽  
Mikael Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio

Adult sex ratio and fecundity are key population parameters in sustainable wildlife management, but inferring these requires estimates of the density of at least three age/sex classes of the population (male and female adults and juveniles). We used an array of 36 wildlife camera traps during 2–3 weeks in autumn prior to harvest during two consecutive years, and recorded white-tailed deer adult males, adult females and fawns from the pictures. Simultaneously, we collected fecal DNA (fDNA) from 92 20mx20m plots placed in 23 clusters of four plots between the camera traps. We identified individuals from fDNA samples with microsatellite markers and estimated the total sex ratio and population density using Spatial Capture Recapture (SCR). The fDNA-SCR analysis concluded equal sex ratio in the first year and female bias in the second year, and no difference in space use between sexes (fawns and adults combined). Camera information was analyzed in a Spatial Capture (SC) framework assuming an informative prior for animals’ space use, either (1) as estimated by fDNA-SCR (same for all age/sex classes), (2) as assumed from the literature (space use of adult males larger than adult females and fawns), (3) by inferring adult male space use from individually-identified males from the camera pictures. These various SC approaches produced plausible inferences on fecundity, but also inferred total density to be lower than the estimate provided by fDNA-SCR in one of the study years. SC approaches where adult male and female were allowed to differ in their space use suggested the population had a female-biased adult sex ratio. In conclusion, SC approaches allowed estimating the pre-harvest population parameters of interest and provided conservative density estimates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Aerodynamic Characteristics During Reading Paragraph Tasks in Normal Male and Female Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Purpose: The present study was performed to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of males and females during reading paragraph task.Methods: Thirty-seven normal adult males (18-30 yrs) and thirty-nine normal adult females (18-34 yrs) were participated in this experiment. They read a part of ‘Gaeul’ paragraph with comfortable phonation, and the reading samples were recorded and analyzed by ‘Running Speech’ program of Phonatory Aerodynamic System (PAS).Results: Phonation time (with voicing) and expiratory airflow duration were significantly longer in females, but measures of inspiratory airflow duration, peak expiratory airflow, expiratory and inspiratory volumes were significantly higher in males. The difference in total duration and peak inspiratory airflow did not show statistical significance.Conclusion: Results revealed that there was a significant gender difference in aerodynamic measures of duration and airflow during the reading paragraph task. In evaluating and intervening aerodynamics of voice and voice disorder patients, we should also consider the gender-different aerodynamic characteristics in continuous speech.

Two new species and taxonomic notes on the Neotropical spiny orb-weaving spi-ders Micrathena and Chaetacis (Araneae: Araneidae), with remarks on the development of Micrathena excavata IVAN L. F. MAGALHÃES & ADALBERTO J. SANTOS (Brazil)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2983 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN L. F. MAGALHÃES ◽  
ADALBERTO J. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
First Time

In this paper, M. yanomami n. sp., from Brazilian Amazonia, Chaetacis bandeirante n. sp., from Central Brazil, and the males of M. gaujoni Simon, 1897 and M. ruschii (Mello-Leitão, 1945) n. comb. , respectively from Ecuador and Brazil, are described and illustrated for the first time. An ontogenetic series of the last development stages of both sexes of Micrathena excavata (C. L. Koch, 1836) is illustrated and briefly described. Adult females are larger and have longer legs and larger abdomens than adult males. Probably females undergo at least one additional moult before adulthood, compared to males. Micrathena ornata Mello-Leitão, 1932 is considered a junior synonym of M. plana (C. L. Koch, 1836), and M. mastonota Mello-Leitão 1940 is synonymized with M. horrida (Taczanowski, 1873). Acrosoma ruschii Mello-Leitão, 1945 is revalidated, transferred to Micrathena and considered a senior synonym of M. cicuta Gonzaga & Santos, 2004. Chaetacis necopinata (Chickering, 1960) is recorded for Brazil for the first time. Chaetacis incisa (Walckenaer, 1841) is considered a nomen dubium.

Spacing, movements, and habitat selection of the river otter in boreal Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Reid ◽  
T. E. Code ◽  
A. C. H. Reid ◽  
S. M. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Lontra Canadensis ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
River Otters ◽  
Aquatic Mammal ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Bog Lakes ◽  
Selection Of

Seasonal spacing patterns, home ranges, and movements of river otters (Lontra canadensis) were studied in boreal Alberta by means of radiotelemetry. Adult males occupied significantly larger annual home ranges than adult females. Males' ranges overlapped those of females and also each other's. In winter, home ranges of males shrank and showed less overlap. Otters often associated in groups, the core members typically being adult females with young, or adult males. Otters tended to be more solitary in winter. In winter, movement rates of all sex and age classes were similar, and much reduced for males compared with those in other seasons. These data indicated a strong limiting effect of winter ice on behaviour and dispersion. We tested the hypothesis that otters select water bodies in winter on the basis of the suitability of shoreline substrate and morphology for dens with access both to air and to water under ice. Intensity of selection was greatest in winter, with avoidance of gradually sloping shorelines of sand or gravel. Adults selected bog lakes with banked shores containing semi-aquatic mammal burrows, and lakes with beaver lodges. Subadults selected beaver-impounded streams. Apart from human harvest, winter habitats and food availability in such habitats are likely the two factors most strongly limiting otter density in boreal Alberta.

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