EVALUATION OF THE NEMATODE, STEINERNEMA FELTIAE FILIPJEV, FOR THE CONTROL OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractWater suspensions of the entomogenous nematode, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (“All” strain), were applied to the soil of caged microplot stands of canola, Brassica napus L. cv. Tower, colonized by overwintering adults of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), at the rate of about 1 × 106 infective juveniles per 0.8 m2 soil surface. Single treatments, which were applied before and after the colonization, did not affect the flea beetle adults or their progeny as evidenced by the number of new generation adults that subsequently emerged from the soil. Bioassays with wax moth larvae, Galleria melonella (Linn.), showed that the infectivity of nematodes in the soil declined sharply within 6 days of treatment. High concentrations of the herbicide Treflan®, with which the soil was treated, did not affect the infectivity of the nematodes. Under the conditions of the test, S. feltiae appeared to have no potential as a biological control agent for the crucifer flea beetle.

scholarly journals POTENCY OF PREDATOR (Menochilus sexmaculatus) AUGMENTATION FOR WHITE FLY (Bemisia tabaci) MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON GEMINI VIRUS INFESTATION ON TOMATO

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
W. Setiawati ◽  
N. Gunaeni ◽  
T. S. Uhan ◽  
A. Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Gemini Virus

Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests on tomato. It is mainly controlled by chemi-cal means, requiring some 25 sprays during the average growing season. The extensive and repeated use of insecticides has dis-rupted the natural balance between this pest and its natural enemies. In this study, Menochilus sexmaculatus F. was evalu-ated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The study was conducted at the experimental station of the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVeGRI) in Lembang, West Java (1,250 m above sea level) from August to December 2008. The experimental plots consisted of 0.35 ha of tomato (± 100 m2 per plot) and spatially separated with four rows of maize (a minimum of 1 m) inter-plot distance to prevent cross-contamination among plots. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. M. sexmaculatus were released at 24 days after planting. The treatments were designed according dosages and schedules at three released populations (i.e. 10 predators per plot, 20 predators per plot, and 10 predators per plot at vegetative stage followed by 20 predators per plot at generative stage); two places of release (center and edge of the plot); and two schedules of release (weekly and biweekly). Efficacy of the predator was measured in terms of the density of B. tabaci, both before and after release of the predator and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The result indicated the potential use of M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation on tomato. Reductions in B. tabaci populations and subsequent tomato yields were significant. B. tabaci population in plots receiving 10 predators showed 73.62% and 75.75% reductions by the end of experiment. The incidence and intensity of Gemini virus were consistently and significantly lowest and tomato yield gain was observed when 10 predators were released at weekly intervals. It is suggested that release of M. sexmaculatus against B. tabaci on tomato may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically-based B. tabaci management. <br /><br />

scholarly journals Potential biopesticides for crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) management under dryland canola production in Montana

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabeg Singh Briar ◽  
Frank Antwi ◽  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

Ichneumon promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Factors Affecting Fecundity, Oviposition, and Longevity

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Host Pupa

Ichneumon (=Pterocormus) promissorius (Erichson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumomidae), a native of Australia, is a pupal parasitoid which searches the soil surface for host pupation sites, burrows into a pupal gallery, and oviposits in the host pupa. Fecundity and rate of oviposition were influenced by the mating status of females, the host from which females developed, and the frequency in which females were exposed to hosts. Virgin females continued laying eggs many days after mated females had stopped. A preoviposition period of 17 d in mated females did not affect the oviposition curve or the number of eggs laid, suggesting that the oogenesis is arrested until female wasps are exposed to host pupae. Female wasps exposed to pupae for 24 h every fifth day lived longer than female wasps continuously exposed to pupae. However, females that were continuously exposed to pupae laid more eggs. Virgin females reared on Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) pupae laid fewer eggs than virgin females reared on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pupae. These data will be important in evaluating the potential of I. promissorius as a biological control agent for pest species in the United States and will be useful in developing laboratory rearing procedures for I. promissorius.

Biological control of sciarid and phorid pests of mushroom with predatory mites from the genus Hypoaspis (Acari: Hypoaspidae) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jess ◽  
J.F.W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mushroom Compost

AbstractIn small-scale experiments, the predatory mites, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) and H. miles Berlese, applied at 700 mites m−2, and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) applied at 3 × 10−6 nematodes m−2 controlled sciarids and phorids in mushroom compost and casing substrates. For both mite species, earliest application to the growing substrate following sciarid infestation reduced sciarid emergence. In contrast, later application of each biological control agent provided more effective control of phorid emergence. The behaviour of adult mites suggested that H. aculeifer were more positively geotactic than H. miles although both species could penetrate compost and casing substrates to a depth of 2–12 cm. A majority of S. feltiae nematodes resided at a depth of 2–4 cm in both substrate types. Independent application of H. aculeifer provided more comprehensive control of sciarids and phorids than the other biological agents studied, owing to its better dispersal within compost and casing, and ability to attack larvae of differing ages.

Bioassay for assessing resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) to the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Hallett ◽  
Heather Ray ◽  
Jennifer Holowachuk ◽  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Margaret Y. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle

A bioassay arena and a laboratory screening protocol were developed for assessing lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) for feeding damage by the adult crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). The arena consists of a 96-well microtitre plate with a modified top to contain flea beetles and allow ventilation. Eight lines of A. thaliana, arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design, were screened simultaneously in each arena using 50 starved flea beetles. Two cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves per plant were rated visually under a dissecting microscope using a visual damage rating scale. The protocol was used to screen 29 wild ecotypes, eight mutant lines and a single transgenic line of A. thaliana. Discrimination between both cotyledon and leaf tissue was apparent for young beetles that were both non-reproductive or reproductive, but not for old reproductive beetles. Differences were observed between Asian and European ecotypes of A. thaliana, suggesting that geographic origin may play a role in susceptibility of Arabidopsis ecotypes to flea beetle feeding. The transparent testa regulatory gene mutants (lines 82, 111, 164) were most susceptible to flea beetle feeding, possibly indicating a role for anthocyanins and/or flavonoids in governing flea beetle susceptibility. Significant variation in damage levels indicates that expression of flea beetle resistance in the A rabidopsis genome is plastic, and that potential exists to use the wide array of publicly available Arabidopsis germplasm as tools in the transfer of resistance to agronomically important host plants. Key words: Seedling bioassay, Arabidopsis thaliana, wild ecotypes and mutants, crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae, host plant resistance

scholarly journals Diapause behaviour of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae), in Bangalore, India

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Jayanth ◽  
Geetha Bali
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Over Time

AbstractZygogramma bicolorata Pallister was introduced for biological control trials against the weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in India. The insect entered diapause over an extended period of time between July and December in Bangalore. Diapausing adults burrowed into the soil, and emerged in May–June with the commencement of monsoon rains. Percentage diapause increased over time, peaking at 72% during November. Non-diapausing adults were capable of breeding, under laboratory conditions, during the winter. Some adults bred both before and after diapause, during two consecutive years. Soil moisture played an important role in providing the conditions for burrowing or emerging from the diapause chambers. The studies also showed that diapausing adults had to be exposed to the high summer temperatures, for termination of the diapause. It was possible to break diapause by continuous exposure to 30°C, 35°C and 40°C for 22 days, nine days and 10 hours, respectively, during February–March, about three months after its inception. This method can be used to initiate mass multiplication for carrying out releases early in the season.

scholarly journals Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations, Effects of Feeding Injury, and Efficacy of Insecticide Treatments on Eggplant and Cabbage in Southwest Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mason ◽  
Adam Michael Alford ◽  
Thomas Patrick Kuhar
Keyword(s):  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Phyllotreta Striolata ◽  
Crucifer Flea Beetle ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Flea beetles, are common pests of cabbage Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and eggplant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), but little is known about the flea beetle populations in Virginia, their impact on yield, or the most effective control methods. This research investigates flea beetle populations and the impact of their feeding injury on cabbage and eggplant in Southwest Virginia and determines the most efficacious control methods. In Whitethorne, VA, cabbage and eggplant crops were vacuum sampled weekly throughout two summers (2015, 2016). Crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata Fabr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were found on cabbage; whereas, eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fucula (Crotch) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were found on eggplant. To evaluate the impact of flea beetle feeding on these plants flea beetle densities and defoliation were assessed weekly and individual plant, as well as whole plot yields, assessed at harvest. For cabbage, significant yield reductions were observed between 1 and 20% and &gt;60% defoliation. Similarly, significant yield reductions were observed between 41 and 60% and &gt;60% defoliation for eggplant. The efficacy of various insecticides was also evaluated. Soil application of the systemic neonicotinoid dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and the foliar-applied bifenthrin resulted in the fewest beetles, the least amount of leaf defoliation, and the highest yield in cabbage and eggplant. This research helps vegetable growers to better understand the severity of these pests and how to effectively combat them.

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