Biological control of sciarid and phorid pests of mushroom with predatory mites from the genus Hypoaspis (Acari: Hypoaspidae) and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jess ◽  
J.F.W. Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mushroom Compost

AbstractIn small-scale experiments, the predatory mites, Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) and H. miles Berlese, applied at 700 mites m−2, and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) applied at 3 × 10−6 nematodes m−2 controlled sciarids and phorids in mushroom compost and casing substrates. For both mite species, earliest application to the growing substrate following sciarid infestation reduced sciarid emergence. In contrast, later application of each biological control agent provided more effective control of phorid emergence. The behaviour of adult mites suggested that H. aculeifer were more positively geotactic than H. miles although both species could penetrate compost and casing substrates to a depth of 2–12 cm. A majority of S. feltiae nematodes resided at a depth of 2–4 cm in both substrate types. Independent application of H. aculeifer provided more comprehensive control of sciarids and phorids than the other biological agents studied, owing to its better dispersal within compost and casing, and ability to attack larvae of differing ages.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) as a Biological Control Agent of Lentil Weevil, Bruchus lentis, Under Laboratory Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
Karim SAEIDI ◽  
Hossein PEZHMAN ◽  
Hadi KARIMIPOUR-FARD
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Legume Seeds

Stored-product pests in the family Bruchidae of Coleoptera represent important pests affecting legume seeds. The lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Froelich (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is one of the major lentil pests in Iran and in the world. The economic losses caused by this pest on lentil grow up to 40%. Synthetic pesticides are currently the chosen method to protect stored grain from insect damage. However, their widespread use has led to the development of pest strains resistant to insecticides and pest resurgence. In recent years, nonchemical methods, including biological agents are considered safe methods to control the stored grain pests. Positive characteristics of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control factors of arthropod pests, introduce them as an appropriate option for controlling the integrated pest management of lentil weevil. In the present study, an isolate of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae, isolated from soils around Yasouj and based on morphological traits and morphometric data were identified.  Adult insects of lentil weevil were exposed to concentrations of 0; 500; 1,000; 2,000 and 3,000 infective juvenile/ml of distilled water at different temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C). Insects were placed on filter paper impregnated with 1 ml of nematode suspension in Petri dishes for three days. Mortality of the insects was recorded every 24 hours. The highest mortality was recorded after 72 hours, which represented 79.40%, at the concentration of 3,000 infective juvenile at 26 °C.

scholarly journals Small-scale dispersal of a biological control agent – Implications for more effective releases

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley B.C. Goode ◽  
Carey R. Minteer ◽  
Philip W. Tipping ◽  
Brittany K. Knowles ◽  
Ryann J. Valmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Water vole Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Arvicolidae) as an agent of biological control of a tree snail Arianta arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Helicidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Евгений Викторович Шиков
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Arianta Arbustorum

Древесная улитка Arianta arbustorum, в последние десятилетия распространившаяся в центре Русской равнины, стала опасным вредителем сельского хозяйства. Заселяя природные биотопы, она вытесняет аборигенные виды как растений, так и моллюсков. Эффективные меры борьбы с A. arbustorum не разработаны. Даётся оценка жизнедеятельности водяной полёвки Arvicola amphibius по отношению к древесной улитке. Плотность A. arbustorum в саду около нор водяной полёвки 2433 экз/м2, а на удалении 5 метров от нор - 5231 экз/м2. Разница статистически достоверна. Показано, что поедание водяной полёвкой древесных улиток локально снижает их плотность. Водяная полёвка выступает как природный агент биологического контроля A. arbustorum, поддерживающий видовое многообразие в природе. Установлено, что осенью 65% всех взрослых A. arbustorum закапываются в землю, и уже недоступны для поедания водяными полёвками. Кормовые запасы водяной полёвки на зиму из моркови и картофеля обнаружены в 45 м от ближайшего огорода. The Wood snail Arianta arbustorum, which in recent decades has spread in the center of the Russian Plain, has become a dangerous pest of agriculture. Settling natural biotopes, it crowds out indigenous species of both plants and mollusks. Effective control measures against A. arbustorum have not been developed. Here we assess the activity of the water vole Arvicola amphibius in relation to the Wood snail. The density of A. arbustorum in the garden near the water vole burrows is 2433 ind./m2, while at a distance of 5 meters from the burrows it becomes 5231 ind./ m2. The difference is statistically significant. Water vole eating wood snails locally reduce their density. Voles thus act as a natural biological control agent of A. arbustorum, preserving species diversity. In the fall around 65% of A. arbustorum adults burrow into the ground and are no longer available for water voles. Winter fodder stocks of a Water vole with carrots and potatoes were found 45 m from the nearest garden.

Ecological considerations for the use of the nematophagous fungus, Verticillium chlamydosporium, to control plant parasitic nematodes

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Kerry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Verticillium Chlamydosporium

The nematophagous fungus, Verticillium chlamydosporium, has considerable potential as a biological control agent for root-knot nematodes on a range of crops. The fungus is a general facultative parasite that attacks the eggs of several nematode species. The biology of the fungus is reviewed and the need for a detailed understanding of its ecology for its rational use as a biological control agent is highlighted. Isolates of the fungus must colonize the rhizosphere to be effective control agents. Plants differ in their ability to support the fungus and greatest control is achieved on those cultivars that support abundant growth of the fungus but produce only limited galling in response to nematode attack. On such plants, most eggs produced by nematodes are exposed to parasitism by this nematophagous fungus in the rhizosphere. Key words: biological control, nematophagous fungi, root-knot nematodes, Verticillium chlamydosporium.

scholarly journals First report of the predatory mite Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, 1974 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Peru, and a key for the separation of the Amblyseius species reported so far from that country

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ec03037
Author(s):  
Sofía Jiménez Jorge ◽  
Peterson R. Demite ◽  
Gilberto J. de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Phyllocoptruta Oleivora ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Being

Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is an important family of predatory mites, with some species being commercialized as biological control agents for the control of phytophagous mites and small insects. In Peru, 65 species of this family have been recorded so far, with Amblyseius being the most diverse genus, with 11 species. The aim of this study is to report for the first time the presence of Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, 1974 in Peru. In South America, this species has so far been reported only in Brazil and Venezuela. In Peru, A. tamatavensis was found on orange plants [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] in the district of Pangoa, department of Júnin. In the laboratory, collected specimens were observed to feed on Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmed, 1879) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Studies to verify the potential of this species as a biological control agent for pests occurring in Peru should be conducted. A key to the Amblyseius species recorded in Peru is presented.

The biology of Canadian weeds.: 96. Senecio jacobaea L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

Senecio jacobaea L. (tansy ragwort) is a roadside and pasture weed which was introduced into Canada in the 1850s. It is established in cool, wet areas, most commonly on the east and west coasts. The species is important economically because the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the foliage makes it toxic and the poisoning of livestock has resulted. Individuals produce dimorphic achenes which possess different dormancy and dispersal characters and are therefore able to establish in a wider range of habitats. Vegetative reproduction is common especially after damage to the plant. Control of the weed is achieved either through the application of hormone-like herbicides or by biological means. The establishment of the biological control agent, cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae L.), in populations has resulted in defoliation of individuals but has not resulted in effective control of the weed, except in eastern Canada. Key words: Tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, biological control, pyrrolizidine alkaloids

scholarly journals An assemblage of predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) associated with a potential biocontrol agent (Cecidophyes rouhollahi; Eriophyidae) for weed Galium spurium (Rubiaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Min Ma ◽  
Qing-Hai Fan ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Western Us ◽  
Gall Mite ◽  
Galium Spurium

The weed Galium aparine L., commonly known as cleavers or goose grass, is an exotic plant in New Zealand (Webb et al. 1988; Reid 1998). Craemer et al. (1999) described a new gall mite species, Cecidophyes rouhollahi Craemer (Acari: Eriophyidae), from this weed in France and suggested that this new species might have potential as a biological control agent against G. spurium L. in Canada and western US where the weed was becoming more problematic (Malik & Vanden Born 1988; Whitson 1991). This mite species was later shown to result in severe stunting and complete prevention of seed production in a related weed G. spurium in greenhouse tests and was approved for field release against this weed in Canada (Sobhian et al. 2004). This mite species was recently reported on G. aparine from Auckland, New Zealand (Martin 2017). Mites prefer feeding on the young terminal leaves and can induce the leaf edges to roll inwards and curl (Fig. 1A, B, E). Martin (2017) noted: “No natural enemies of this species of mite have been recorded, but predatory mites may feed on these mites”. We report here on an assemblage of predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) associated with C. rouhollahi on G. aparine in Auckland.

scholarly journals Combining the botanical insecticides NSK extract, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Cross N 33 to control the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mahmoud M
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Bactrocera Zonata

Botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin and the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae were evaluated for their control of the peach fruit fly, <i>Bactrocera zonata</i>. Laboratory bioassays determined the potential of combinations between the biological control agent S. feltiae and the botanical insecticides NSK, NeemAzal T 5%, Neemix 4.5% against 3rd instar larvae of <i>B. zonata</i>. Of 25 treatment combinations between azadirachtin from NSK extract and <i>S. feltiae</i>, 18 gave synergistic responses, 4 were additive, none antagonistic and 3 without any response. The same number of combinations with NeemAzal T 5% showed 19 synergistic responses, 1 additive, none antagonistic and 5 without any response. Combinations of Neemix 4.5% and S. feltiae showed 11 synergistic responses, 5 additive, 3 antagonistic and 6 without any response. The combined use of botanical insecticides based on azadirachtin, especially NSK extract and NeemAzal T 5%, with the entomopathogenic nematode <i>S. feltiae</i> may offer an integrated approach to increase the efficacy of control of the peach fruit fly, <i>B. zonata</i>, by entomopathogenic nematodes.

scholarly journals Selection of Predatory Mites for the Biological Control of Potato Tuber Moth in Stored Potatoes

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Gallego ◽  
Otto Caicedo ◽  
Manuel Gamez ◽  
Joaquin Hernandez ◽  
Tomas Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Potato Tuber Moth ◽  
Blattisocius Tarsalis

Worldwide, the potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most severe pests affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), whether in open-air crops or during tuber storage. This work examines the potential control of this pest by two species of predatory mites, Macrocheles robustulus (Berlese) and Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese), on pest eggs under laboratory conditions. In the two first assays, the acceptance rate of the pest eggs was assessed for each predatory mite. Then, in a third assay, the functional response of B. tarsalis was studied. The results showed that Macrocheles robustulus did not prey on the pest eggs (number of eggs surviving = 4.33 ± 0.38), whereas B. tarsalis did (number of eggs surviving = 0.5 ± 0.5). Likewise, B. tarsalis showed a type II functional response when it killed the eggs. The results showed the potential use of Blattisocius tarsalis as a biological control agent of P. operculella in potato under storage conditions.

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