ARTHROPOD BIODIVERSITY FROM POPULUS COARSE WOODY MATERIAL IN NORTH-CENTRAL ALBERTA: A REVIEW OF TAXA AND COLLECTION METHODS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. James Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
North Central ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Collecting Methods ◽  
Saproxylic Species ◽  
Window Traps ◽  
Arthropod Biodiversity ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Coarse Woody Material

AbstractArthropods associated with Populus coarse woody material (CWM) were sampled from aspen-mixedwood stands in north-central Alberta using rearings from wood bolts and flight-intercept traps attached to snags. More than 39 000 arthropod specimens were collected over 3 years, comprised mainly of Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Acari. Detailed analyses are provided to compare the number of species, standardized abundance, and trophic structure between collecting methods for 257 saproxylic species of Coleoptera. Abundance of beetle species, from both rearings and window traps, and rarefaction estimates of species richness indicate little difference between methods with respect to expected number of species. However the abundance of particular beetle families differed significantly between methods, with the Aderidae, Anthicidae, and Scaphidiidae collected mainly in rearings and the Micropeplidae, Bostrichidae, Cephaloidae, Clambidae, Salpingidae, and Tenebrionidae more commonly collected with window traps. Fungivorous and predatory beetles were more abundant in CWM than wood borers, scavengers, or taxa with undetermined feeding habits, but the two methods revealed similar overall trophic structure. To census the variability in saproxylic arthropod faunas from CWM, a combination of collecting methods is recommended.

scholarly journals Diet of Dinocras cephalotes and Perla marginata (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in an Apennine stream (northwestern Italy)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziano Bo ◽  
Stefano Fenoglio ◽  
Giorgio Malacarne
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Trophic Preferences ◽  
Prey Items

AbstractThe feeding habits of nymphs of Perla marginata (Panzer) and Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis) were investigated in the Rio Orbarina (northwestern Italy). These species are among the largest European carnivorous freshwater invertebrates and they play an important role in the trophic structure of small, fishless Apennine streams. We examined the gut contents of 60 P. marginata and 60 D. cephalotes nymphs to characterize the diets and evaluate possible feeding differences between the species. In both of these predaceous stoneflies, the diet included vegetable detritus, mainly in the smaller instars. Both species showed trophic preferences, since only a few taxa constituted most of the ingested prey items, independently of their availability in the substratum. Interestingly, there were no clear differences in prey selection between nymphs of the two species.

scholarly journals Diptera, Drosophilidae: historical occurrence in Brazil

Check List ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco S. Gottschalk ◽  
Paulo R. P. Hofmann ◽  
Vera L. S. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collection Methods

This study presents a literature review of Drosophilidae (Diptera) species occurrence in Brazil. The number of species recorded is 304, with Drosophila being the genus with the greatest number of species, followed by Zygothrica, Hirtodrosophila and Diathoneura, which belong to the Drosophilinae subfamily. Drosophila was shown to be the most investigated taxon in the family, with the best resolved species distribution. The low number of records of species from other genera indicates the paucity of studies specifically designed to investigate these species. Records of species for some regions of the country like the north and northeast, as well as for some biomes like Caatinga, Pantanal and the Pampas, are likewise rare. Apart from the banana bait, different collection methods may be necessary, like the collection at other oviposition resources, the use of baits other than fermenting fruit, and the adoption of sampling approaches that do not use baits.  

Stochastic structure and nonlinear dynamics of food webs: qualitative stability in a Lotka-Volterra cascade model

1990 ◽  
Vol 240 (1299) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Volterra Model ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Number Of Species

Two competing models currently offer to explain empirical regularities observed in food webs. The Lotka-Volterra model describes population dynamics; the cascade model describes trophic structure. In a real ecological community, both population dynamics and trophic structure are important. This paper proposes and analyses a new hybrid model that combines population dynamics and trophic structure: the Lotka-Volterra cascade model (LVCM). The LVCM assumes the population dynamics of the Lotka-Volterra model when the interactions between species are shaped by a refinement of the cascade model. A critical surface divides the three-dimensional parameter space of the LVCM into two regions. In one region, as the number of species becomes large, the limiting probability that the LVCM is qualitatively globally asymptotically stable is positive. In the region on the other side of the critical surface, and on the critical surface itself, this limiting probability is zero. Thus the LVCM displays an ecological phase transition: gradual changes in the probabilities of various kinds of population dynamical interactions related to feeding can have sharp effects on a community’s qualitative stability. The LVCM shows that an inverse proportionality between connectance and the number of species, and a direct proportionality between the number of links and the number of species, as observed in data on food webs, need not be directly connected with the qualitative global asymptotic stability or instability of population dynamics. Empirical testing of the LVCM will require field data on the population dynamical effects of feeding relations.

scholarly journals FEEDING HABITS OF Paralonchurus brasiliensis (PERCIFORMES: SCIAENIDAE) FROM SOUTH OF BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Mario Cesar Sedrez ◽  
Germano Henrique Costa Barrilli ◽  
Evelise Nunes Fragoso de Moura ◽  
João Pedro Barreiros ◽  
Joaquim Olinto Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Target Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Trophic Webs ◽  
The Impact

Shrimp trawling directly impacts target species and non-target species, altering micro-habitats and marine trophic webs. Thus, the objective of the present research was to analyze the feeding habits of Paralonchurus brasiliensis as a tool to evaluate the impact of trawling on the food chains in marine environments, in the South Atlantic of Brazil. One thousand and nineteen stomachs of P. brasiliensis were dissected after being captured as bycatch of shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, in Penha, on the north central coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The number of stomachs was enough to describe the feeding habits of P. brasiliensis, characterizing it as a carnivorous species and predominantly invertivorous. They also revealed that this species has a diversified and constant diet, with greater consumption of polychaetes, crustaceans, and ofiuroides, among other components of the macrobentos, all closely related to the sediment. It was also found that the target species X. kroyeri is not an important prey in the diet of P. brasiliensis, despite occupying the same habitat. According to the present study, P. brasiliensis can be characterized as a demersal-benthic species, predator, opportunistic and broad trophic spectrum. This work contributes to the understanding of trophic chains of the coastal ecosystems, using the P. brasiliensis as a model.

Variations in the fish catch composition in the Bay of St. Vincent, New Caledonia, as determined by experimental trawling

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kulbicki ◽  
L Wantiez
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Induced Changes

An experimental trawl survey was conducted in the Bay of St Vincent between December 1984 and April 1986. In all, 85 hauls were performed during four cruises. The trawled fish represented 233 species and 59 families. Biomass and density estimates declined 13-fold between the first and last cruises. This decline is not due to the survey catch (less than 2% of the biomass of the bay), nor is it likely to be due to trawling-induced changes in habitat. Natural causes are the most likely reason for the decline. The r-type species (Leiognathidae, Lethrinus nematacanthus) had the largest population fluctuations, whilst longer living and later reproducing species (Saurida undosquamis, large Upeneus spp.) had the smallest. Trophic structure is studied using three expressions: number of species, biomass and density per trophic group. Number of species per trophic group was the most insensitive to changes in time and place, with density being the most sensitive. Study of the variations in trophic structure could help with the monitoring of major changes in fish populations caused by fishing or environmental changes.

Blood-Sucking Midges and Mosquitoes Feeding on Mammals at Beatrice Hill, N.T.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Muller ◽  
MD Murray ◽  
JA Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Blood Meals

One aspect of an intensive study of arboviruses and insect vectors at Beatrice Hill, N.T., was to determine the hosts of the insects by identifying the source of their blood meal. The collection methods included buffalo bait, calf- and chicken-baited Magoon traps, truck traps, light traps and collecting from insect resting places. Blood meals were identified by precipitin and haemagglutination-inhibition tests. Fifteen species of biting midges, mostly Culicoides spp., and 24 species of mosquitoes were represented in the collections, and the blood meals within 75% of some 11,000 insects were identified. The majority, 97.7%, of the blood meals were mammalian in origin, 76% being bovine and 17% marsupial. A significant proportion of the blood-fed mosquitoes from Magoon traps had fed on hosts other than the bait animal or collector. Double feeds were detected in 1.1% of the insects in which the source of the blood meal was identified. It was possible to draw conclusions about the feeding habits of most of the insect species.

Sponge Predation by a Mississippian Asteroid and Feeding Behaviors, Food Selection, and Feeding Habits of Fossil Asteroids

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2008) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan R. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Middle Mississippian ◽  
Sponge Spicules

A recently described fossil asteroid from mid-Missouri, Emphereaster missouriensis, contained sponge spicules in the stomach area. In addition to spicules within the asteroid, fossil spicules were found at the site in two forms; as discoid structured clusters and as disarticulated concentrations. The spicules were identified as Belemnospongia fascicularis, a small discoid sponge in the Class Demospongea. The site was an exposed road cut next to the Missouri River, approximately 200 m in length. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the site indicate it is in the Warsaw Formation of the Middle Mississippian. Living asteroids have a wide variety of feeding behaviors, food selection, and feeding habits, including a large number of species that feed on sponges. Fossil asteroids rarely show direct evidence of feeding behaviors, food selection, or feeding habits. Annual collections from this site since 2000 indicate the asteroids and the sponges were relatively abundant and this asteroid-sponge encounter was likely more than an isolated incident.

THE FEEDING HABITS OF CERTAIN LEAFHOPPERS

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. L. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Number Of Species

The feeding habits of certain leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) are of particular importance, not only because of the diverse nature of the injury produced by different species, but primarily because a number of species are vectors of some very destructive plant viruses. An investigation of the feeding habits of certain species was undertaken to learn the nature of the injury within the host plant, especially the particular tissues fed upon and their relation to the external symptoms, and to bring out any features of the methods of feeding which might bear some relation to the transmission of viruses.

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