Effect of drainage ditches on Brachycera (Diptera) diversity in a southern Quebec peatland

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Grégoire Taillefer ◽  
Terry A. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Dominance

AbstractCanadian peatlands are subject to disturbance and destruction, and drainage for agriculture is responsible for 85% of this degradation. Few studies have explicitly addressed the effects of habitat degradation on arthropod diversity in Nearctic peatlands. Because higher Diptera (Brachycera) in peatlands are diverse, are an important component of food webs, and exhibit a wide range of ecological requirements, we examined species richness, abundance, and community composition of Brachycera across transects at 1, 6, and 11 m from a collector drainage ditch in Johnville Bog and Forest Park, Quebec. In total, 1453 Brachycera were collected, representing 24 families and 166 species. Species diversity (based on Simpson’s diversity index) and rarefaction-estimated species richness were higher at 6 and 11 m than at 1 m from the ditch, probably because of the homogeneous moss cover and moister conditions at greater distance from the ditch. Species composition also differed between 1 m and other distances, based on cluster analysis, multiresponse permutation procedures analysis, and the presence of five predaceous species that were significant indicator species 1 m from the drainage ditch. Our results suggest that anthropogenic degradation of hydrological conditions may be responsible for the low species richness and high dominance of a few species currently seen at the ditch margin.

scholarly journals Study on Urban Landscape Green Space -- A Case Study of Longquanshan Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Huan Dai ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Xinyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Forest Parks ◽  
Richness Index

Studying on Qinglongshan Forest Park in Wuhan by typical plot method, 15 typical plots in the park were investigated, and the species richness index, diversity index, evenness index, frequency and important value index were calculated. The results showed that there were 139 species of woody plants belonging to 46 families and 97 genera, including 41 species of evergreen trees, 32 species of deciduous trees, 62 species of evergreen shrubs, 25 species of deciduous shrubs, and 4 species of bamboo belonging to 1 family, 3 genera. Species richness index and Simpson diversity index were all expressed as tree layer > shrub layer, evergreen species > deciduous species. Pielou evenness was tree layer > shrub layer. This study can provide some reference for understanding the existing plant status of forest parks, carrying out science popularization, scientific research, protection and improvement of forest landscape quality.

scholarly journals NEW DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF GENUS ZYGAENA FABRICIUS, 1775 IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (LEPIDOPTERA: ZYGAENIDAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Diversity Index

We analysed the distribution of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 moths on Čavljak and mountains: Bjelašnica, Igman and Trebević. Five different Zygaena species were found on investigated sites: Zygaenaviciae Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775, Z. filipendulae Linnaeus, 1758, Z. lonicerae Scheven, 1777, Z. purpuralis Brünnich, 1763 and Z. loti Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775. Simpson's diversity index was calculated based on the collected species and their population density by which we determined that Mtn.Igman was the locality with the highest species richness. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was used to show that Mtn.Bjelašnica and Čavljak are the most similar localities in terms of the species that inhabit them.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of polychaetous annelids from the peninsula of Cap Bon, northeast coast of Tunisia

Zoosymposia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANA ZAÂBI ◽  
PATRICK GILLET ◽  
AHMED AFLI ◽  
MONCEF BOUMAIZA
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Northeast Coast

in Tunisia, polychaete studies are very rare (Fauvel 1924 a, b; Westheide 1972; Zibrowius 1970, 1971; Cantone 1978; Ben Amor 1984; Zaâbi & Afli 2005). The aim of this study was to update and fill in gaps in data of polychaetes of Tunisia. Samples were taken aboard the research vessel R/V Hannibal with a Van Veen grab (0.1 m²) and a core (0.009 m²). Nine sites located on the peninsula of Cap Bon on the NE coast of Tunisia, from Sidi Daoud to Ras Lahmer, were sampled in 2005 and 2006. A total of 5,920 individuals in 29 families and 88 species of polychaetes were identified. Twenty-nine species were newly recorded for Tunisia, including the ampharetid Isolda pulchella O.F. Müller, 1858 and the paraonid Aricidea cerrutii (Laubier, 1966). Diversity parameters were established. Abundance and species richness were higher in shallow waters dominated by Protodorvillea kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) and Malacoceros fuliginosus (Claparède, 1868) than in deep waters where Aponuphis fauveli (Rioja, 1918) and Euclymene palermitana (Grube, 1840) dominated. Multivariate methods, including the Shannon diversity index, cluster analysis, and rank frequency analysis, were used to characterize the spatial structure and temporal variability of the different communities.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of fish fauna in the Ib River, a tributary of Mahanadi, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejani Chandran ◽  
L.K. Tyagi ◽  
A.K. Jaiswar ◽  
Sudhir Raizada ◽  
Sangeeta Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

Ichthyofaunal survey was conducted in the Ib River (21°44’ to 22°50’ N; 83°56’ to 83°54’ E), an important tributary of Mahanadi, to evaluate the diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes along six sites on seasonal basis between February, 2016 and January, 2017. A total of 55 species belonging to 42 genera, 21 families and 9 orders were recorded from the study area. Maximum number of species belonged to the Order Cypriniformes (41.8%) followed by Siluriformes (21.8%) and Perciformes (21.8%). Maximum value of species richness was observed in downstream areas; Sundargarh and Barghat and least in upper stretches of Pamsala. Shannon–Weiner diversity index ranged between 2.47 to 3.68 at the six sites of Ib River indicating healthy state of the river. Bray-Curtis similarity cluster analysis suggests that similarities between sites decrease with increasing distance, with highest similarity found between Sundargarh and Barghat sites. Baseline data on fish biodiversity has been generated in this study which can now be periodically monitored and form basis for future conservation plans.

scholarly journals The study of the transformation of segetal flora richness and diversity in selected habitats of southern Poland over a 20-year interval

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Dąbkowska ◽  
Monika Grabowska-Orządała ◽  
Teofil Łabza
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Segetal Flora

<p>The aim of study was to evaluate diversity of segetal flora and its transformations over a more than 20-year period in 19 field habitats representative for cereal crops of southern Poland. The research hypothesis assumed that: (<em><strong>i</strong></em>) the diversity of habitat conditions determines the abundance of arable land flora, (<em><strong>ii</strong></em>) it also affects farming intensity which is the main cause of the decline in the biodiversity of agrocoenoses.</p><p>Based on 415 phytosociological relevés (sampled using the Braun-Blanquet method), weed species richness (Sr), phytosociological constancy of species (S), cover index (<em>D</em>), Shannon’s diversity index (<em>H</em>) and Simpson’s dominance index (<em>C</em>) were determined. Measurements were done for each habitat during two research periods. The results were subjected to ANOVA analysis. To assess the similarities of the studied habitats’ weed flora in each period and their changes over time, Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was used. The distance matrix was calculated from Jaccard’s similarity indices. The results are presented in the form of hierarchical trees.</p><p>The study showed that species richness of the weed communities and their diversity were strongly determined by habitat conditions. Preservation of the value of the diversity index and even its increase (especially in a considerable part of mountain habitats) showed that extensive methods of reducing weed infestation had remained at a similar level of efficacy during the 20-year interval. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed differences between the first and second study period in the weed communities for habitats of lowland soil complexes. The exception were the habitats with the greatest potential for crop cultivation, located on chernozems and rendzinas. In the mountain habitats, there were no significant changes in the segetal flora during the study interval. An increase in weed flora abundance indicates a lack of threats to the diversity of agrophytocoenoses in this part of Poland.</p>

scholarly journals Ectoparasites community in Satanoperca jurupari (Cichlidae) from the Jari River, a tributary from Amazon River in Northern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sidney Brito de Oliveira ◽  
Raissa Alves Gonçalves ◽  
Lígia Rigor Neves ◽  
Drielly Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Tavares-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
High Dominance

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the gills parasites in Satanoperca jurupari from the Jari River, state of Amapá, in eastern Amazon (Brazil). The gills of 100% of the hosts were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Sciadicleithrum juruparii (Monogenoidea) Genarchella genarchella, Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea) Ergasilus coatiarus and Argulus multicolor (Crustacea), and a total of 27,043 parasites were collected. However, the dominance was of I. multifiliis and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites with greater discrepancy for S. juruparii and A. multicolor. Low species richness of parasites (3.1 ± 1.1), low Brillouin diversity index (0.27 ± 0.23), low evenness (0.16 ± 0.13) and high dominance of Berger-Parker (0.88 ± 0.15) were found. The community of parasites in S. jurupari was characterized by low species richness, low diversity and low evenness, with high prevalence and low abundance. The size of host did not have any influence on the parasites community, but the host behavior and availability of infective stages of the parasites were factors structuring the community of ectoparasites found here.

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

scholarly journals Sheep nemabiome diversity and its response to anthelmintic treatment in Swedish sheep herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Halvarsson ◽  
Johan Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nematode Diversity

Abstract Background A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of different species. Herein we describe for the first time the nematode community structures (nemabiomes) inhabiting Swedish sheep and how these are/were affected by host age and recent anthelmintic treatments. Methods A total of 158 fecal samples were collected (n = 35 in 2007 and n = 123 in 2013–2016) and cultured from groups of sheep on 61 commercial farms in the south-central part of the country where most animals are grazed. Among the samples, 2 × 44 (56%) were paired collections from the same groups pre- and post-treatment with anthelmintics such as macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles or levamisole. Samples were analyzed for their nemabiome using the PacBio platform followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis with SCATA. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed in R. Results Nematode ITS2 sequences were found in all larval culture samples except two, even though the fecal egg counts were below the McMaster threshold in 20 samples. Sequencing yielded, on average, 1008 sequences per sample. In total, 16 operational taxonomical units (OTU), all with ≥ 98 % identity to sequences in the NCBI database, were recognized. The OTUs found represented nematode species of which ten are commonly associated with sheep. Multiple species were identified in all pre-anthelmintic treatment larval culture samples. No effects on nematode diversity were found in relation to host age. On the other hand, recent anthelmintic treatment lowered species richness, especially after use of ivermectin and albendazole. Interestingly, despite zero egg counts after use of levamisole, these samples still contained nematode DNA and especially H. contortus. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that nemabiome analysis combined with diversity index analysis provides an objective methodology in the study of the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment as both high and low abundant species were detected.

Diversity metrics, species turnovers and nestedness of bird assemblages in a deep karst sinkhole

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Battisti ◽  
Marco Giardini ◽  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Lorena Di Rocco ◽  
Giuseppe Dodaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Bird Assemblages ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Stick Model ◽  
Karst Sinkhole

We reported a study on breeding birds occurring inside an 80 m-deep karst sinkhole, with the characterization of the assemblages recorded along its semi-vertical slopes from the upper edge until the bottom. The internal sides of the sinkhole have been vertically subdivided in four belts about 20 m high. The highest belt (at the upper edge of the cenote) showed the highest values in mean number of bird detections, mean and normalized species richness, and Shannon diversity index. The averaged values of number of detections and species richness significantly differ among belts. Species turnover (Cody’s β-diversity) was maximum between the highest belts. Whittaker plots showed a marked difference among assemblages shaping from broken-stick model to geometric series, and explicited a spatial progressive stress with a disruption in evenness towards the deepest belts. Bird assemblages evidenced a nested subset structure with deeper belts containing successive subsets of the species occurring in the upper belts. We hypothesize that, at least during the daytime in breeding season, the observed non-random distribution of species along the vertical stratification is likely due to (i) the progressive simplification both of the floristic composition and vegetation structure, and (ii) the paucity of sunlight as resources from the upper edge to the inner side of the cenote.

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