Contents of the Biology Course in Extracurricular Activities of Primary and Secondary Schools in Olovo Municipality

Extracurricular activities of the pupils are particular and specific educational work with students, organized not as a teaching part of school but it is organized on the principles of free choice of the pupils. The aim of the research was to analyze the curricula for primary and secondary schools (for biology as a school subject) and to develop instruments to evaluate the degree of representation of extracurricular activities with the biology curriculum in elementary and secondary schools in Olovo municipality. The students from the sixth to the ninth grade of Primary School "Hasan Kikić", Primary School "Olovo" and high school students of ''Musa Ćazim Ćatić'' High School who attended the subject of biology participated in this research. The research includes the survey methodology and total of 408 students were surveyed. Participation in extracurricular activities has led the student to expand knowledge, mostly in the field of zoology, about diseases (causes, treatment and prevention), ecology and environmental protection, to build a more positive relationship with society and the environment, all with the help of a well-trained teacher who accomplishes good communication with students, whose traits have been slipped during the survey.

The application of social indicators in the analysis of Zadar’s housing standard

This paper analyses the characteristics of the housing stock in the urban area of Zadar on the basis of social indicators. The theoretical framework of the paper encompasses a systematic review of the existing theoretical knowledge and empirical research on social indicators, as well as their application in studies of housing standards, the conceptual development of terms and the advancement of scientific cognition with regard to social indicators related to housing issues. The 39 variables available from the 2011 Census led to the formation of 9 social indicators. Said indicators have been displayed as representatives of the “external” characteristics of the housing standard, and later on categorized into composite indicators for further comparison. Areas with extremely low or high variations in housing standards were identified by means of comparison of the indicators. The second part of the paper presents the results of the survey conducted on the basis of 17 composite variables, which were formed with regard to two indicators. In addition to descriptive statistics, variance analysis and chi-squared tests were also used in order to identify the differences between housing quality zones with respect to Category A and Category B fit-outs, the results of which significantly contribute to the understanding of the housing standard. The spatial framework of the study is the settlement of Zadar, which is divided into 41 spatial statistical units, 22 local committees and 3 housing quality zones.

Changing electoral districts in Slovenia: empirical challenges for geography.

Designing electoral districts is never a straightforward task, as many different, often conflicting, principles must be taken into account. In Slovenia, similar population size and geographical and cultural homogeneity are the two main principles on which electoral district/constituency plans must be based. However, as both principles are only vaguely defined, this brings opportunities for their endless politicisation, potentially enabling gerrymandering, on the one hand, and challenges to geographers involved in the electoral districts/constituency design on the other. The experience gained in such a project is briefly presented, highlighting empirical solutions applied to approach the abovementioned challenges. Geoinformatic support plays an essential role in the process of designing electoral districts/constituencies and their versioning. Due to time constraints, it was not possible to fully develop and apply automatic procedures that provide acceptable results. However, our initial attempts suggest that automatic procedures can provide usable results (also in the design of other administrative spatial units) if the rules (the empirical form of the principles) are clearer and less elastic. Another empirical problem, the practical involvement of political parties in the process of electoral districting, has been attempted through a geoinformatic application that allows political parties to create their own district plans, perhaps leading to more problems than solutions.

Impact of Biology Education on Infectious Diseases Knowledge among Students in The Municipality of Ilijaš

The research in this paper is based on the collection of data on the knowledge of infectious diseases through the application of Sequence of the Objective Type Tasks (SOTT) in elementary school students in the municipality of Ilijaš.This research was conducted on a sample of 123 ninth grade students in the elementary schools "Hašim Spahić" and "Podlugovi".The testing was conducted in the period from May 25 to 31, the 2017/18 school year.The comparison of students' answers to a sequences of 10 questions created according to the material of the biology textbook for the ninth grade of elementary school showed a slightly higher level of knowledge among elementary school students "Podlugovi".Statistical analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the compared classes when it comes to knowledge in the field of infectology.

GIS Modeling of Meteorological and Hydrological Variables for the Purpose of Regional and Spatial Planning - Case Study of the City of Sarajevo

This study aims to combine a review of the main climatic and hydrographic features of the City of Sarajevo, which provide knowledge and insight into the basic principles of assessing climate and water potential of a particular geospace through GIS modeling of spatial data. This analysis acquired an application of current GIS modeling technologies and Remote Sensing technology in the valorization of hydro-meteorological variables of geospace.The study is conceived in two parts, one which refers to cartographic representations and explanations of the meteorological variables of the area of ​​the City of Sarajevo whilst the second part combines cartographic representations and explanations of important hydrographic variables of the observed geospace. For the purposes of this study, the following methods were used: analyzes, syntheses, statistical method, comparative method, and especially important cartographic ones, by which the previously analyzed objects were visually presented in the form of cartographic attachments.

Biodiversity and sequestration potentials of the peat soils in the area of Livanjsko field

Livanjsko field is one of the largest karst fields in the subtropical climate zone in the world. According to its geographical position, this field has a number of specific natural features, among which its biodiversity is especially significant, which arose in specific geological and hydro-morphological conditions in its northern, central and southern part. One of the special natural features of this area is the peat pedological substrate which was formed in the conditions of specific paleogeographic conditions that existed in the wider Mediterranean biogeographical region during the Neogene. However, over the last 50 years, various negative anthropogenic pressures have been registered that have a very negative impact on the overall natural heritage of this Ramsar site. The paper investigates the elements of the diversity of recent flora and field vegetation. Special emphasis in these researches was placed on the sequestration potentials of peat pedosubstrate formed in the northern and southern part of Livanjsko field.

ANALYSIS OF LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE AREA OF THE TOWN OF GORAŽDE

The subject of the research is the analysis of the land cover changes in the area of the town of Goražde. In the period after 1995, throughout the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina, a visible spontaneous spatial planning contributed to significant changes in the land cover. The research aims to determine how many changes have taken place in the last few decades in the researched area when it comes to land cover. The analysis is based on topographic maps from 1980, Google Earth images, then Corina Land Cover images from 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018. Research on the topic was conducted through several phases. The first part of the paper refers to determining the geographical location of the research area and defining all its components. The second part of the paper deals with a detailed analysis of all categories of land cover in the last twenty years. The third part of the paper involves a comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of land cover in the town of Goražde. The complete procedure of the analysis was performed using GIS, where the corresponding databases were created and a cartographic visualization for the investigated area was performed.

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION: CHANGES IN GLOBAL TRENDS IN MODERN SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY

The position of regional geography in the system of geographical sciences is a topic that has been the subject of intense epistemologically and methodologically focused discussion within scientific realm at the global level since the middle of the 20th century. The initial outcome of these processes at the academic level was the marginalization of regional geography in the study of spatial phenomena, but since then there was a partial revitalization of the regional approach. In view of these changes, the place of regional geography within geographical education also began to be problematized. In this paper, it is conducted a critical review of selected academic articles from the last few decades that at least in a certain segment touch on this topic, as well as analysis of recent trends in school geography. This analysis suggests that it is difficult to find an adequate replacement for regional content, especially in the geographical education at lower levels of education, and that in many countries it still represents the basis or at least an important part of the geographical curriculum. However, at the same time, the need for change of teaching approach based on the excessive so-called regional inventory of space, by introducing general geographical concepts in the study of regional units of various levels, and putting them in the service of the development of critical thinking in students.

LIGHT POLLUTION IN SLOVENIA IN 2019 WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO NATURA 2000 AREAS

Light pollution in Slovenia in 2019 with special regard to Natura 2000 areas The article shows the state of light pollution in Slovenia. Remote sensing data from the Suomi satellite were analysed. Light pollution is shown by radiance expressed in nW/(sr cm2 ). In Slovenia, there are large differences in state of light polution. The most polluted areas are located in the area of larger settlements and in areas with higher levels of infrastructure. The spread of light does not stop at the borders of protected areas, so we also analyzed the state of light pollution in Natura 2000 sites in Slovenia. It turns out that the most lightpolluted areas are those that lie around larger settlements or suburbanised regions (Ljubljansko Barje, Šmarna gora, Drava).

SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN CROATS IN CROATIA ON THE EXAMPLE OF OKRUG GORNJI

Social integration of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats in Croatia on the example of Okrug Gornji The paper deals with the social integration of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats in Croatia on the example of the settlement of Okrug Gornji as a case study. Correlating the theoretical approaches of human geography and identity studies, the article deals with the phenomenon of migration as a research object in human geography through the relation of ethnic and regional identity as the factors of social integration of the immigrant population. The research proved that B&H Croats are mostly successfully integrated into the social context of Gornji Okrug without forms of spatial and social ghettoization. Being stronger than regional, the common ethnic (and religious) identity of domicile and immigrant population gives a positive impetus for successful integration of the immigrants.