Factors affecting the egg-laying pattern of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in three climatologically different zones of North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Female Life Expectancy ◽  
Short Period

AbstractEgg-laying patterns of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), from three climatologically different areas; Montréal, Québec, Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and San Francisco, California, United States of America; were compared in laboratory. Three different egg-laying patterns were observed. Among the biotic parameters studied; previtellogenic follicular atresia, number of oocytes per ovariole at imaginal moult, female life expectancy, and ovarian activity explained female successful responses to local weather conditions. Follicular atresia, combined with a low number of oocytes, impeded oviposition in a low percentage of females from Montréal. It also impedes the production of a third brood in the Vancouver population, and of a fourth brood in the San Francisco population. Both female life expectancy and length of ovarian activity also had a significant impact on the oviposition pattern in the three climatic regions. Under the cold temperate climate of the Montréal area, only one brood was produced due to the short period of female fertility. Longer period of fertility and life expectancy enabled females to produce two broods in the milder temperate climate of Vancouver, and three broods in the San Francisco climate. Our results strongly suggest an exaptation enabling the native European populations of F. auricularia to adapt successfully in North America.

EGG LAYING IN A NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICAN (MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC) POPULATION OF FORFICULA AURICULARIA L. (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Tourneur ◽  
Jean Gingras
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Single Batch

AbstractThe egg laying regime of Forficula auricularia L., defined by different parameters (number of broods, proportion of females that produce two broods, number of eggs produced at each batch, and the proportion of the total number of eggs represented by the first batch), was studied in the laboratory and under seminatural conditions for a population from Montréal. Approximately half of the females produced two batches of eggs in the laboratory; however the number of eggs produced in the first batch was substantially higher than that of the second batch. In the field a single batch of eggs was produced. Comparison of our data with the literature showed that the Montréal population appears to have a greater resemblance to one of a cold temperate climate (Font-Romeu, Eastern Pyrénées) than one of a warmer climate (Rennes, Bretagne) for all parameters studied.

Short-period P-wave attenuation along various paths in North America as determined from P-wave spectra of the SALMON nuclear explosion

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1609-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan A. Der ◽  
Thomas W. McElfresh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Q Values

abstract Average Q values were determined for ray paths to various LRSM stations from the SALMON nuclear explosion by taking ratios of observed P-wave spectra to the estimated source spectrum. Most Q values for P-wave paths throughout eastern North America are in the range 1600 to 2000 while those crossing over into the western United States are typically around 400 to 500. These differences in Q for intermediate distances can sufficiently explain the differences in the teleseismic event magnitudes observed, 0.3 to 0.4 magnitude units, in the western versus the eastern United States, if one assumes that the low Q layer under the western United States is located at depths less than 200 km.

Horizontal particle velocity and its relation to magnitude in the Western United States

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2037-2061
Author(s):  
A. F. Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Data Base ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Horizontal Particle

abstract A magnitude (ML) scaling law has been derived from the strong-motion data base of the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971, and the results have been compared with other strong-motion recordings obtained from 62 earthquakes in the Western United States. The relationship derived is ML = 3.21 + 1.35 log10Δ + log10v. An excellent agreement was obtained between the determined ML values in this study and those evaluated by Kanamori and Jennings (1978). This scaling law is applicable to the collected data from 63 earthquakes whose local magnitudes range from about 4.0 to 7.2, recorded at epicentral distances between about 5 to 300 km, and with short-period seismic waves in the range of 0.2 to 3.0 sec. The Long Beach earthquake of 1933, with an ML = 6.3 (PAS) and an ML = 6.43 ± 0.36 as determined by Kanamori and Jennings is in agreement with an ML = 6.49 ± 0.32 obtained in this study. The Imperial Valley earthquake of 1940, with an ML = 6.5 (PAS), compares well with an ML = 6.5 as determined in this study. The Kern County earthquake of 1952, with an ML = 7.2 (BRK), is in fairly good agreement with the ML = 7.0 ± 0.2 obtained in this investigation. This value is significantly lower than the commonly quoted 7.7 value for this event. The San Francisco earthquake of 1957, with an ML = 5.3 (BRK), agrees very well with an ML = 5.3 ± 0.1 as determined in this study. The Parkfield earthquake of 1966 has an ML = 5.8 ± 0.3, which is consistent with the 5.6 (PAS). The procedure developed here is applied to the data base obtained from the Western United States strong-motion recordings. The procedure allows the evaluation of ML for moderate and larger earthquakes from the first integration of the strong-motion accelerograms and allows the direct determination of ML from the scaled amplitudes in a rapid, economical, and accurate manner. It also has allowed for the extension of the trend of the attenuation curve for horizontal particle velocities at distances less than 5 km for different size events.

scholarly journals Using research to prepare for outbreaks of severe acute respiratory infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e001061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
North America ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Short Period

Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain one of the leading causes of mortality around the world in all age groups. There is large global variation in epidemiology, clinical management and outcomes, including mortality. We performed a short period observational data collection in critical care units distributed globally during regional peak SARI seasons from 1 January 2016 until 31 August 2017, using standardised data collection tools. Data were collected for 1 week on all admitted patients who met the inclusion criteria for SARI, with follow-up to hospital discharge. Proportions of patients across regions were compared for microbiology, management strategies and outcomes. Regions were divided geographically and economically according to World Bank definitions. Data were collected for 682 patients from 95 hospitals and 23 countries. The overall mortality was 9.5%. Of the patients, 21.7% were children, with case fatality proportions of 1% for those less than 5 years. The highest mortality was in those above 60 years, at 18.6%. Case fatality varied by region: East Asia and Pacific 10.2% (21 of 206), Sub-Saharan Africa 4.3% (8 of 188), South Asia 0% (0 of 35), North America 13.6% (25 of 184), and Europe and Central Asia 14.3% (9 of 63). Mortality in low-income and low-middle-income countries combined was 4% as compared with 14% in high-income countries. Organ dysfunction scores calculated on presentation in 560 patients where full data were available revealed Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores on presentation were significantly associated with mortality and hospital length of stay. Patients in East Asia and Pacific (48%) and North America (24%) had the highest SOFA scores of >12. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that initial SOFA score and age were independent predictors of hospital survival. There was variability across regions and income groupings for the critical care management and outcomes of SARI. Intensive care unit-specific factors, geography and management features were less reliable than baseline severity for predicting ultimate outcome. These findings may help in planning future outbreak severity assessments, but more globally representative data are required.

scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

scholarly journals Plague and the Regulation of Numbers in Wild Mammals.

1925 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Elton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rats And Mice

1. A short account is given of the occurrence of plague epidemics in wild mammals other than “domestic” rats and mice. Enough is now known to show that such epidemics are often of great practical importance.2. The method by which most rodents regulate their numbers is as follows: increase in numbers over several years up to a point at which an epidemic of some sort occurs, which kills off a large proportion of the population. Increase then takes place again, and is followed by another epidemic, and so on indefinitely.3. These periodic fluctuations are probably controlled by widespread climatic fluctuations, the best evidence for this being that in certain cases the former run synchronously in widely separated countries.4. There appears to be a dominant short period in fluctuation of three to four years, and a larger movement of period ten to eleven years, both in North America and Europe. The fact that the 11-year sunspot cycle roughly corresponds with the larger movement is significant.5. The data available from Eastern Asia suggest that there too, small mammals fluctuate periodically in numbers, and with similar periods to those of North America and Europe. There is also some evidence that the maxima of the 10–11-year fluctuations coincide in Eastern Asia and in North America, just as those of the 3–4-year period coincide in Northern Canada, Greenland and Norway.6. Evidence is given that the plague marmot (Arctomys bobac), and other rodents carrying plague, are liable to these fluctuations. If this proves to be true, it may be possible, when fuller data are available, to forecast with some accuracy the years of epidemics among these animals, and if this can be done we shall have some means of gauging the likelihood of the occurrence of plague outbreaks in the human population of those regions.7. The available data are admittedly fragmentary, but it is probable that between the years 1931 and 1934 epidemics among A. bobac in Transbaikalia and Mongolia will be severe, and that these events will lead to an increase of plague mortality in man.

A Review of R. C. Treherne's Species of Thysanoptera

1949 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley F. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Economic Pest

One of the few Canadian entomologists to study thrips was R. C. Treherne who was one of the group of workers to investigate the pear thrips when it first became an economic pest in North America. In the course of his work he collected and studied thysanoptera. His collection, supplemented by exchanges with other workers, formed the basis for the material now in the Canadian National Collection at Ottawa. The writer is indebted to curators of this collection and particularly T. N. Freeman, for the generous loan of valuable specimens for study, particularly the types of Treherne. The Moulton collection is now deposited at the San Francisco Academy of Science, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. We also wish to thank Dr. E. S. Ross, curator, for the opportunity of studying the types of Taeniothrips tahoei Moulton, Tae. pingreei Moulton, Tae. aureus Moulton, and Frankliniella californica Moulton.

Radiological Society of North America: Invitation to San Francisco

Radiology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
L. Henry Garland
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Radiological Society
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document