scholarly journals Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Barringer ◽  
Claire M Ciafré
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Host Plant Use

Abstract The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.

Diversity and Host Plant-Use in North American Phytomyza Holly Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Colonization, Divergence, and Specificity in a Host-Associated Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja J Scheffer ◽  
Matthew L Lewis ◽  
Julie B Hébert ◽  
Frode Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Host Associations

Abstract Insects that feed on plants are widely used for studies of host-plant-associated speciation due to their diversity and tractability. The value of these studies necessarily depends upon an accurate understanding of the diet of the focal insects. In North America, the 12 Phytomyza Fallén (Diptera: Agromyzidae) leafmining fly species feeding on hollies (Ilex spp. (Aquifoliaceae: Ilex)) initially appeared to be primarily a host-plant-associated radiation of largely monophagous species. However, our increased collecting efforts found that a majority of the morphospecies are oligophagous, feeding on multiple Ilex species. Patterns of host-associations suggest that colonization of new hosts followed by host-associated speciation may be an important feature of diversification. Analyses of mitochondrial COI data in three oligophagous species found evidence of host-associated genetic structure consistent with processes of host-associated divergence. However, in one of these species, evidence of geographic divergence as well as host-associated divergence was detected, illustrating complexity in factors relating to speciation and host-use evolution in this radiation of leafmining flies.

TYCHIUS MELILOTI STEPHENS NEW TO CANADA WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF TYCHIUS GERMAR INTRODUCED INTO NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Anderson ◽  
A.T. Howden
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Plants

AbstractFour species of Tychius have been introduced into North America from Europe: Tychius picirostris (Fabricius) (host plants: Trifolium spp.), widespread in North America; T. cuprifer (Panzer) (host plants: Trifolium spp., Teline monspessulana L.), known only from Maryland, USA; T. meliloti Stephens, new North American record (host plants: Melilotus spp.), known from scattered localities in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, Canada; and T. stephensi Schoenherr (host plants: Trifolium spp.), widespread in North America. Keys to separate the species are presented.

The potential for the use of herbarium specimens to determine the host plants of Ceutorhynchus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gillespie ◽  
Beth I. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Developing Knowledge

AbstractThe host plants of native Ceutorhynchus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species are poorly known in North America, and knowledge of these is essential for biological control programmes involving this genus of weevils. We hypothesised that weevil larva emergence holes on plant specimens in herbarium collections might reveal potential plant-insect associations, and help locate populations of hosts for non-target testing. We examined 1114 plant specimens in 16 genera and 60 species of Brassicaceae and found 70 specimens among 30 species that showed evidence of feeding injury and exit holes typical of Ceutorhynchus. We used this information to locate populations of two species of Ceutorhynchus. Herbarium collections may be useful tools for developing knowledge of host plant associations for species of Ceutorhynchus.

New species of Gymnocarena (Diptera: Tephritidae) from eastern North America and Guatemala, and the redescription of G. mississippiensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Sutton ◽  
Gary J. Steck ◽  
Allen L. Norrbom
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
First Record ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Larval Host Plants

AbstractWe describe three new species of fruit flies (Tephritidae: Tephritinae) (Gymnocarena defoeisp. nov. and Gymnocarenanorrbomisp. nov., from eastern North America and Gymnocarena monzonisp. nov. from Guatemala) and redescribe Gymnocarena mississippiensis Norrbom. Gymnocarena monzoni is the first Gymnocarena species to be recorded from Guatemala. This brings the total number of named species in this genus to 19. New larval host plant (Asteraceae) records for Gymnocarena include Verbesina helianthoides Michx. for G. mississippiensis and G. norrbomi, Verbesinaalternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney for G. norrbomi, and Viguiera cordata (Hook. and Arn.) D'Arcy for G. monzoni. The latter represents the first record for Gymnocarena in Viguiera Kunth. Gymnocarena larvae were also recorded from Verbesina virginica L. but not identified to species. A revised key to the known species of Gymnocarena and additional information on larval host plants and biology are provided.

The genus Alucita in North America, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Landry ◽  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species

AbstractThe North American fauna of Alucitidae is shown to include three widespread species: Alucita montana Barnes et Lindsey, 1921 (nec Cockerell), Alucita adriendenisisp. nov. (type locality: Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada), and Alucitalalanneisp. nov. (type locality: Maynooth, Ontario, Canada). Alucita hexadactyla (L., 1758) and A. huebneri Wallengren, 1862 do not occur in North America. The three North American species are described and illustrated. Alucita montana is found from southwestern Quebec and Vermont, west to British Columbia, and south to Arizona, California, and Texas; its caterpillar is associated with Symphoricarpos spp. (Caprifoliaceae). Alucita adriendenisi is known from northwestern Quebec and New York, west to Alberta and the Northwest Territories, with more southern populations (isolated?) in West Virginia, Arizona, and Texas; its caterpillar feeds on flowers of Lonicera dioica L. (Caprifoliaceae) in Michigan. Alucita lalannei has been found in Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta, Canada; its host plant is unknown.

Cardenolide content of some leaf- and stem-feeding insects on temperate North American milkweeds (Asclepias spp.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Isman ◽  
S. S. Duffey ◽  
G. G. E. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chemical Defense ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Oncopeltus Fasciatus ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Arctiid Moth ◽  
Chrysomelid Beetles ◽  
Cerambycid Beetles

The cardenolide content of eight species of insects which feed on the leaves and stems of milk weed (Asclepias spp.) in temperate North America was examined. Cerambycid beetles of the genus Tetraopes contained small quantities of cardenolides. while two genera of chrysomelid beetles, Chrysochus and Labidomera, contained little or no cardenolides in their bodies. All of these insects are thought to be warningly coloured. The cardenolide content of Tetraopes, in contrast with other milkweed herbivores such as the lygaeid bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmii, appears to be limited by physiological factors, rather than the cardenolide content of the host plant. Cardenolides were not detected in the pupae of an arctiid moth which has an aposematic larva, a cryptic grasshopper, or a cryptic plant hopper, all of which fed on milkweeds known to contain cardenolides. The implication for chemical defense and the position of these insects in mimicry complexes is briefly discussed. It appears that few of the principal milkweed-feeding insects in temperate North America may use host-derived cardenolides as a chemical defense strategy.

The effects of the wood-boring Oncideres humeralis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) on the number and size structure of its host-plants in south-east Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Q. Romero ◽  
João Vasconcellos-Neto ◽  
Hipólito F. Paulino Neto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Wood Boring

Beetles of the family Cerambycidae can girdle stems and larvae bore live or dead stems of their host plants (Linsley 1961), and when they use active tissues (e.g. xylem), can affect the development and survivorship of their hosts (Nowak et al. 2001). Moreover, borer attack can rapidly stress host plants (Matter 2001), often killing them (Nowak et al. 2001). Consequently, they can cause changes in size structure of the plant population, depending on the intensity of attack and plant survival rates (Caraglio et al. 2001). Cerambycids of the genus Oncideres (Lamiinae) present the most specialized behaviour in host-plant use, in which the female cuts stems with its mandibles and prepares the oviposition site above the cut portion by perforating the bark and then inserting eggs (Caraglio et al. 2001, Rice 1989, 1995).

scholarly journals Plant Volatiles Help Mediate Host Plant Selection and Attraction of the Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae): a Generalist With a Preferred Host

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T Derstine ◽  
Linnea Meier ◽  
Isaiah Canlas ◽  
Kelly Murman ◽  
Stefani Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
And Function

Abstract Host plant volatiles play a key role in mediating plant–herbivore interactions. How an array of host plant volatiles guides host preference and attraction in the invasive polyphagous Lycorma delicatula (White), the spotted lanternfly (SLF), is largely unknown. A pernicious phloem feeder, SLF feeds on over 70 species of plants, some with high economic impact. To aid the development of detection and monitoring tools for SLF, we used a two-choice olfactometer to compare 14 host plant species for attraction, first to a blank control, and then to their preferred host Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), tree-of-heaven. SLF were significantly attracted to seven host plants compared to a blank control, but no host plant was more attractive than tree-of-heaven. We then used electroantennographic detection (EAD) to screen select host plants for EAD active compounds, hypothesizing that EAD-active plant volatiles act as kairomones and mediate SLF attraction to host plants. Out of 43 unique antennal responses, 18 compounds were identified and tested individually for attraction in a two-choice olfactometer against a blank control and then against methyl salicylate, the current best attractant. Eleven compounds were significantly attractive, and one, sulcatone, was more attractive than methyl salicylate. Blends of kairomones were then tested for attraction, revealing five blends that were significantly more attractive than methyl salicylate, and could be developed into lures for field testing. The presence of these kairomones in volatile profiles of 17 plant species is described. These findings support the hypothesis that the identified volatiles act as kairomones and function in attraction to host plants.

scholarly journals Wing morphology in migratory North American monarchs: characterizing sources of variation and understanding changes through time

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah G. Freedman ◽  
Hugh Dingle
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Adult Wing

Abstract Monarch butterfly wing morphology varies substantially throughout their global range, both between resident and migratory populations and also within the migratory North American population. Here, we use a dataset comprising more than 1800 North American individuals collected between 1878-2017 to characterize the factors shaping continent-wide patterns of wing morphological variation. North American overwintering butterflies have forewings that are approximately 4.4% larger than those collected in summer breeding areas. Monarchs overwintering in Mexico have forewings that are approximately 1.8% larger than monarchs overwintering in California, conducive to the idea that migration distance is positively correlated with wing area. We find evidence for a latitudinal cline within North America, such that butterflies collected at higher latitudes have significantly larger and more elongated forewings. We also find a significant increase of approximately 4.9% in forewing area between 1878-2017, but no difference through time in wing elongation. This result is corroborated by a reanalysis of a recently published dataset of more than 600 butterflies from Mexican overwintering sites. We discuss possible reasons for this increase in wing size through time, including northward shifts in the monarch’s breeding range and changes in relative abundance of milkweed hosts, and present experimental data addressing the influence of larval host plant on adult wing morphology. Our analysis suggests that (1) migration is indeed an important selective force for monarch wing morphology; (2) wing size has increased through time in North America; (3) factors such as host plant identity must be considered to fully understand monarch wing morphological variation.

Some effects of different Plantago species on feeding preference and egg laying in the flea beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. (Chrysomelidae)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Hawthorn
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
The North

The differential feeding and egg-laying responses by overwintered adults of the North American chrysomelid beetle Dibolia borealis Chev. to native and introduced host plants of the genus Plantago were investigated. Adults exhibited a feeding preference for Plantago rugelii (native species) > Plantago major (introduced) > Plantago lanceolata (introduced). However, females fed P. rugelii and P. lanceolata laid fewer eggs than females fed P. major. In the field, D. borealis laid more eggs on P. major and more adults emerged from plants of this species than from P. rugelii. The ecological and evolutionary implications of feeding and egg laying on different food resources are discussed.

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