Susceptibility of iris (Iridaceae) to larval infestation by Neorthacheta dissimilis (Diptera: Scathophagidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Josée Doyon ◽  
Jade Savage ◽  
Stéphane Bailleul ◽  
Stéphane Labelle ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Neorthacheta dissimilis Malloch (Diptera: Scathophagidae) is a poorly known scathophagid fly that feeds and develops on iris (Iridaceae). A survey of its occurrence was performed at the Montréal Botanical Garden (Montréal, Québec, Canada) in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Iris species and cultivars from two subgenera, Iris and Limniris, were evaluated for larval infestation. When pooled for subgenera and years, data from 18 Iris classes revealed high levels of infestation per flower stalk, ranging from 34% to 100%. When analysed per bud or flower, levels of infestation remained high, ranging from 19% to 100%, but generally was lower than for flower stalks as the unit of replication. The mean number of N. dissimilis larvae per infested flower or bud was higher for the subgenus Limniris (1.13) than for the subgenus Iris (1.03), with a maximum of four N. dissimilis larvae per flower being observed. These figures are worrying for horticulturalists because the insect is prevalent and causes either abortion or aesthetic damages to iris flowers.

scholarly journals Studies on Varietal Diversity and Selection of Potential Varieties of Gerbera (Gerbera Jamesonii H. Bolus Ex Hook. F.) For Commercial Cultivation in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Rabina Islam ◽  
Nazmul Alam ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ray Florets

Ten commercial genotypes of Gerbera jamesonii were evaluated for a number of qualitative and quantitative traits in RCBD at the Botanical Garden of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka. Qualitative morphology among 10 genotypes showed significant similarities and dissimilarities. The analysis of variance for all the quantitative traits showed highly significant variations among the genotypes. Genotypes Dutch Diva, Classic Fabio Gold, Candela and Dune proved to be the most suitable and sustainable as they were the best performer for different growth and flower quality parameters. Number of flowers per plant found best in Candela and Dutch Diva (11.33). The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were found higher than the genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) for all characters. Maximum GCV and PCV were observed for number of suckers per plant (30.984 and 39.568) followed by number of whorls of ray florets per flower and days to flowering from bud initiation. High heritability values were obtained for all the characters. In high heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was maximum for days to first flowering (32.442), plant height (cm) (17.026) and number of suckers per plant (15.992). Selection would be effective for the character showing high performance in genetic parameter. Path analysis revealed that the diameter of disc florets per flower, stalk girth (cm), number of disc florets per flower, number of ray florets per flower would be selection criteria for improvement in flower number. Based on D2 statistics, 10 genotypes were grouped into 3 clusters, namely cluster I, II and III. Highest number of genotypes was found in cluster I containing 5 genotypes. Scatter diagram represents pattern of genotypic distribution into clustering through principal component scores. Highest inter-cluster distance (22.94) was observed between cluster I and III. The genotypes of cluster II possessed heterogeneous nature and showed highest intra-cluster distance (11.35). Highest cluster mean was observed in cluster II containing four genotypes regarded as the superior than another cluster. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 541-550, 2021 (September)

scholarly journals Investigating Anti-mutagenic Activities of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) Applying Salmonella typhimurium and the Ames Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Zahra Zare
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Genetic mutations have a significant role in causing cancers, and plants are effective on cancer recovery by producing metabolites. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the Lantana camera anti-mutation effects applying Salmonella typhimurium in the Ames test. Methods: To this end, the plant was prepared from the Iran National Botanical Garden in 2018 (Tehran, Iran), and the methanolic extracts of its leaves and flowers were obtained by the percolation method. Then, anti-mutagenic activities were studied by the Ames method and the assessment of the rate of reverse mutations in mutant Salmonella typhimurium. Mutant strains cannot grow on minimal mineral media thus only those bacteria that have acquired a wild genotype after reverse mutation in the presence of the mutagen are able to grow on this medium. The plant extract, along with a mutagen substance was used to evaluate its anti-mutagenic effects by counting grown colonies and calculating the mean mutation inhibitory index according to the "Ong" formula. Finally, anti-mutagenic activities were retested by adding the sterile extract of the mouse liver (S9), and the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, version 22.Results: In general, the results showed that the mean number of grown colonies decreased significantly despite the plant material in comparison with the standard. According to the "Ong" formula, the percentage of inhibition was [1-T/M]×100. Based on the results, T grew a number of colonies on each petri dish despite the mutagen and extract, and M grew a number of colonies in positive control plates. Eventually, mutation inhibition percentages in leaf extracts were significantly higher than those of flower extracts, which were 75.59 ± 0.73 (+S9) and 84.79 ± 0.17 (-S9), as well as 49.57 ± 0.55 (+S9) and 62.32 ± 0.23 (-S9), respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the leaves and flowers of L. camara demonstrated anti-mutagenic activities with higher activities in the leaves compared to flowers.

Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus virginiana L. Extracts Obtained by Refluxing and Sonication Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-902
Author(s):  
Carmen Manuela Plesa ◽  
Aurel Ardelean ◽  
Mihai Cosmin Pascariu ◽  
Alfa Xenia Lupea
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran extracts of Juniperus berries, branches and needles, by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Two Juniperus species, Juniperus communis and Juniperus virginiana, from different regions were used. The extracts obtained by sonication and refluxing extraction were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which revealed that the Romanian juniper extracts are largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons, such as a-pinene, b-pinene, b-hellandrene, sabinene, b-cadinene, t-cadinene, b-caryophyllene, b-cubebene, b-elemene and germacrene D. The antioxidant activity was highest in ethyl acetate Juniperus communis needles extract from Lipova (Romania) and in ethyl acetate Juniperus virginiana branches extract from Macea Botanical Garden (Romania). The mean rates (vm) of DPPH consumption were higher for the tetrahydrofuran Juniperus communis branches extract from Lipova and ethyl acetate Juniperus virginiana branches extract than in tetrahydrofuran Juniperus communis berries extract from Lipova.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the leaf anatomy of Echinacea purpurea and E. pallida

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
T. N. Belaeva ◽  
A. N. Butenkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

This article contains a comparative analysis of the anatomical structure of the rosette and stem leaves of Echinacea purpurea and E. pallida. The plants were grown on the experimental site of the Siberian Botanical Garden, located in the southeastern part of Tomsk (Western Siberia). Temporary preparations of the leaves were prepared by cutting them on a freezing microtome MZ-2. Photographs of leaf microscopy and microscopic measurements were made on a light microscope. Anomocyte type of stomatal complex is characteristic for the studied species. Leaves of the studied species are amphistomatic, rosette leaves of E. purpurea are hypostomatic. The stomatal index of E. purpurea was 1.5 (stem leaves, upper epidermis) and 24.4–25.5 (lower epidermis). In the leaf blade of E. purpurea, the signs are revealed as mesomorphic (the presence of relatively large dorsoventral leaves, moderate development of integumentary, conducting and mechanical tissues) and a xeromorphic-heliomorphic structure. A complex of xeromorphic-heliophytic features of the E. pallida leaf has been identified, which increase its drought resistance; the mean values of the stomatal index of the upper and lower epidermis were 24.8–28.7. There are 10 characteristics that have significant differences in mean values when comparing leaves of E. purpurea and E. pallida: the size of the stomata of the lower epidermis, the thickness of the mesophyll of the leaf, its layers and the leaf laminae free of the vascular bundle, the area of the vascular bundle and their constituents.

scholarly journals Comparative studies of fibres of woody species selected in relation to their paper-making potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godswill C. Ajuziogu ◽  
Eugene O. Ojua ◽  
Ngozi E. Abu ◽  
Christopher C. Onyeke ◽  
Virginius O. Ayogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Anatomy Laboratory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Pulp Wood

The wood fibre used by the paper industry originates primarily from forests. Apart from Gmelina arborea, there are other fast-growing plant species whose fibre characteristics are yet unknown. In order to relieve the pressure and demand on G. arborea, this work was aimed at characterizing and comparing the fibres of four tree species (Parkia biglobosa, Arzadirachta indica, Alstonia boonei and Cassia siamea) to G. arborea, with the intention of elucidating their suitability for the pulp and paper industry. The trunk wood samples used in this study were collected from the Botanical Garden of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, while the study was conducted in the Plant Anatomy Laboratory in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State-Nigeria. The results showed that the mean fibre length ranged from 1.00 mm in P. biglobosa to 1.70 mm in A. boonei. The fibre lengths of G. arborea and A. booneidid do not vary significantly (P < 0.05). The Runkel ratio ranged from 0.624 to 3.227 across the species with G. arborea and A. boonei recording the lowest values. Conclusively, A. boonei is another pulp wood with good paper-making potential that could substitute the already known G. arborea.

Photo-electric Hβ and uvby photometry

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Line Strength ◽  
Interference Filter ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Relative Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
F Stars ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Filter Photometry ◽  
The Continuum

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).

A one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lecar
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Phase Space Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Phase Space ◽  
The Mean

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

On nearly-commensurable periods in the restricted problem of three bodies, with calculations of the long-period variations in the interior 2:1 case

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Message
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Numerical Integrations ◽  
Period Variations ◽  
The Mean

An analytical discussion of that case of motion in the restricted problem, in which the mean motions of the infinitesimal, and smaller-massed, bodies about the larger one are nearly in the ratio of two small integers displays the existence of a series of periodic solutions which, for commensurabilities of the typep+ 1:p, includes solutions of Poincaré'sdeuxième sortewhen the commensurability is very close, and of thepremière sortewhen it is less close. A linear treatment of the long-period variations of the elements, valid for motions in which the elements remain close to a particular periodic solution of this type, shows the continuity of near-commensurable motion with other motion, and some of the properties of long-period librations of small amplitude.To extend the investigation to other types of motion near commensurability, numerical integrations of the equations for the long-period variations of the elements were carried out for the 2:1 interior case (of which the planet 108 “Hecuba” is an example) to survey those motions in which the eccentricity takes values less than 0·1. An investigation of the effect of the large amplitude perturbations near commensurability on a distribution of minor planets, which is originally uniform over mean motion, shows a “draining off” effect from the vicinity of exact commensurability of a magnitude large enough to account for the observed gap in the distribution at the 2:1 commensurability.

the effects of resonance with Jupiter in the system of short-period comets

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
L̆ubor Kresák
Keyword(s):  
Structural Effects ◽  
Order Resonance ◽  
Mean Motion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compound Effect ◽  
Low Order

AbstractStructural effects of the resonance with the mean motion of Jupiter on the system of short-period comets are discussed. The distribution of mean motions, determined from sets of consecutive perihelion passages of all known periodic comets, reveals a number of gaps associated with low-order resonance; most pronounced are those corresponding to the simplest commensurabilities of 5/2, 2/1, 5/3, 3/2, 1/1 and 1/2. The formation of the gaps is explained by a compound effect of five possible types of behaviour of the comets set into an approximate resonance, ranging from quick passages through the gap to temporary librations avoiding closer approaches to Jupiter. In addition to the comets of almost asteroidal appearance, librating with small amplitudes around the lower resonance ratios (Marsden, 1970b), there is an interesting group of faint diffuse comets librating in characteristic periods of about 200 years, with large amplitudes of about±8% in μ and almost±180° in σ, around the 2/1 resonance gap. This transient type of motion appears to be nearly as frequent as a circulating motion with period of revolution of less than one half that of Jupiter. The temporary members of this group are characteristic not only by their appearance but also by rather peculiar discovery conditions.

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