scholarly journals Oh half-brother, where art thou? The boundaries of full- and half-sibling interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 431-460
Author(s):  
Linus Andersson
1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wehner ◽  
Wyndol Furman

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAAD I. SHEIKH ◽  
TANYA Y. BERGER-WOLF ◽  
ASHFAQ A. KHOKHAR ◽  
ISABEL C. CABALLERO ◽  
MARY V. ASHLEY ◽  
...  

While full-sibling group reconstruction from microsatellite data is a well-studied problem, reconstruction of half-sibling groups is much less studied, theoretically challenging, and computationally demanding. In this paper, we present a formulation of the half-sibling reconstruction problem and prove its APX-hardness. We also present exact solutions for this formulation and develop heuristics. Using biological and synthetic datasets we present experimental results and compare them with the leading alternative software COLONY. We show that our results are competitive and allow half-sibling group reconstruction in the presence of polygamy, which is prevalent in nature.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin D Taylor ◽  
Dave Collins ◽  
Howie J Carson

While current research has begun to address parental influences on talent development in sport, sibling interaction remains relatively under-examined. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the underpinning mechanisms through which sibling interaction impacts on talent development. Retrospective phenomenological interviews were conducted with four sets of siblings ( n = 9), where at least one sibling had competed to an elite level. Findings revealed several higher order themes that impacted positively on the talented athletes’ development: regularity of interaction in sport, emotional interpersonal skills, rivalry, resilience, co-operation and separation. Separation appeared as the athlete reached elite status, suggesting that these former mechanisms primarily impact during the development phase. Such findings support and extend the sibling, elite sport and talent development literature and provide valuable insight for both practitioners and academics. Importantly, coaches should consider a sibling’s role as an important mechanism outside of the formal coaching structure for talent development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Joel Caton ◽  
James D Kirsch ◽  
Sheri T Dorsam ◽  
Kacie L McCarthy ◽  
...  

Abstract Thirty-six half-sibling yearling Angus bulls [256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg] were assigned one of three diets: 1) 60% concentrate as corn (CON; n = 12); 2) 60% DDGS (60DDGS; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS as CaSO4 (SULF; n = 12) to evaluate effects of feeding 60% DDGS or sulfur as CaSO4 on trace mineral (TM) concentrations in serum and seminal plasma. Bulls were fed in Calan gates for 112 days and targeted to gain 1.6 kg/d. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED in SAS. In serum, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.03) for Cu, Se, and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P > 0.15) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, 60DDGS was reduced (P < 0.01) compared with SULF and CON. At d 0, no differences (P > 0.09) were observed for Se; however, at d 56 and 112, 60DDGS was greater (P < 0.01) than CON and SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than CON, whereas SULF was intermediate, but at d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P < 0.01) than SULF and 60DDGS. In seminal plasma, treatment × day interactions were observed (P ≤ 0.02) for Cu and Mo. For Cu, no differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed at d 0 or 56, but at d 112, CON and 60DDGS were greater (P < 0.01) compared with SULF. For Mo, at d 0, 60DDGS was greater (P = 0.03) than SULF, whereas CON was intermediate, but on d 56 and 112, CON was greater (P < 0.01) than 60DDGS and SULF. Differences observed for TM may have influenced enzyme activity and semen kinematics which were previously reported.


1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477
Author(s):  
CAROL E. MacKINNON

Two regression analyses were performed that tested the relationships between the amount of negative sibling interaction and the amount of positive sibling interaction and measures of relationship quality and family form. When measures of husband-wife, mother-child, and father-child relationship quality were controlled, marital status was not significantly related to either measure of sibling interactions. However, when the marital status of the parents (family form) was controlled, both the quality of husband-wife relationship and the quality of mother-child relationship were positively related to positive sibling interaction and negatively related to negative sibling interaction. Regardless of family form, the quality of other relationships in the family were important predictors of sibling interactions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Maya Tabet ◽  
Louise Flick ◽  
Hong Xian ◽  
Jen Chang

Background There has been a call for customized rather than population-based birthweight standards that would classify smallness based on an infant's own growth potential. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between the difference in sibling birthweight and the likelihood of neonatal death among second births in a U.S. population. Study Design This was a population-based cohort study including 179,300 women who delivered their first two nonanomalous singleton live births in Missouri (1989–2005). We performed binary logistic regression to evaluate the association between being relatively smaller than the elder full- or half-sibling (i.e., smaller by at least 500 g) and neonatal death (i.e., deaths in the first 28 days of life) among second births after controlling for sociodemographic and pregnancy-related variables in the second pregnancy. Results The adjusted odds of neonatal death were 2.54-times higher among second births who were relatively smaller than their elder sibling. Among relatively small second births, every 100-g increase in the difference in sibling birthweight was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of neonatal death. Conclusion The deviation from the elder sibling's birthweight predicts neonatal death. Taking into consideration the elder sibling's birthweight may be warranted in clinical and research settings.


Heredity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Akita

Abstract In this study, we developed a nearly unbiased estimator of contemporary effective mother size in a population, which is based on a known maternal half-sibling relationship found within the same cohort. Our method allows for variance of the average number of offspring per mother (i.e., parental variation, such as age-specific fecundity) and variance of the number of offspring among mothers with identical reproductive potential (i.e., nonparental variation, such as family-correlated survivorship). We also developed estimators of the variance and coefficient of variation of contemporary effective mother size and qualitatively evaluated the performance of the estimators by running an individual-based model. Our results provide guidance for (i) a sample size to ensure the required accuracy and precision when the order of effective mother size is available and (ii) a degree of uncertainty regarding the estimated effective mother size when information about the size is unavailable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the derivation of a nearly unbiased estimator of effective population size; however, its current application is limited to effective mother size and situations, in which the sample size is not particularly small and maternal half-sibling relationships can be detected without error. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of a sibship assignment method for estimating effective population size; in addition, they have the potential to greatly widen the scope of genetic monitoring, especially in the situation of small sample size.


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