scholarly journals The Role of Imaging in the Management of Cardiorenal Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Melvin George ◽  
Kambiz Kalantarinia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
And Function

Imaging of the kidney and the heart can provide valuable information in the diagnosis and management of cardiorenal syndromes. Ultrasound- (US-) based imaging (echocardiogram and renal US) is an essential component in the initial diagnostic workup of CRS. Echocardiography provides information on the structure and function of heart, and renal ultrasound is useful in differentiating between acute and chronic kidney disease and excluding certain causes of acute kidney injury such as obstructive uropathy. In this paper we overview the basic concepts of echocardiogram and renal ultrasound and will discuss the clinical utility of these imaging techniques in the management of cardiorenal syndromes. We will also discuss the role of other imaging modalities currently in clinical use such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as novel techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging.

scholarly journals Renalase and Biomarkers of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej T. Wybraniec ◽  
Katarzyna Mizia-Stec
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Invasive Cardiology ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains one of the crucial issues related to the development of invasive cardiology. The massive use of contrast media exposes patients to a great risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and chronic kidney disease development, and increases morbidity and mortality rates. The serum creatinine concentration does not allow for a timely and accurate CI-AKI diagnosis; hence numerous other biomarkers of renal injury have been proposed. Renalase, a novel catecholamine-metabolizing amine oxidase, is synthesized mainly in proximal tubular cells and secreted into urine and blood. It is primarily engaged in the degradation of circulating catecholamines. Notwithstanding its key role in blood pressure regulation, renalase remains a potential CI-AKI biomarker, which was shown to be markedly downregulated in the aftermath of renal injury. In this sense, renalase appears to be the first CI-AKI marker revealing an actual loss of renal function and indicating disease severity. Summary: The purpose of this review is to summarize the contemporary knowledge about the application of novel biomarkers of CI-AKI and to highlight the potential role of renalase as a functional marker of contrast-induced renal injury. Key Messages: Renalase may constitute a missing biochemical link in the mutual interplay between kidney and cardiac pathology known as the cardiorenal syndrome.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Gynecological Oncology

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa N. Harry ◽  
Heather Deans ◽  
Emma Ramage ◽  
David E. Parkin ◽  
Fiona J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Improving Patient Care

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an indispensable tool in the assessment of malignant disease. With increasingly sophisticated systems and technical advancements, MRI has continued to expand its role in providing crucial information regarding cancer diagnosis and management. In gynecological malignancies, this modality has assumed greater responsibility, particularly in the evaluation of cervical and endometrial cancers. In addition to conventional imaging, innovative techniques such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI show promise in offering early assessment of tumor response. This paper reviews the current role of MRI in gynecological cancers and highlights the potential of novel techniques in improving patient care.

Utilization of Renal Ultrasound for Predicting Obstructive Uropathy in ICU Patients With Acute Kidney Injury

CHEST Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 223A ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Amin ◽  
Reejis Stephen ◽  
David Morris ◽  
David Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Icu Patients

Endotoxemia in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Pilot Study to Examine the Role of Intestinal Perfusion and Congestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Grant ◽  
Laura Harrison ◽  
Caroline Hoad ◽  
Luca Marciani ◽  
Eleanor Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Direct Immersion

Endotoxemia is common in advanced chronic kidney disease and is particularly severe in those receiving dialysis. In hemodialysis patients, translocation from the bowel occurs as a consequence of recurrent circulatory stress leading to a reduction in circulating splanchnic volume and increased intestinal permeability. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are often volume expanded and have continuous direct immersion of bowel in fluid; these may also be important factors in endotoxin translocation and would suggest different therapeutic strategies to improve it. The mechanisms leading to endotoxemia have never been specifically studied in PD. In this study, 17 subjects (8 PD patients, 9 healthy controls) underwent detailed gastrointestinal and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during fasted and fed states. Gross splanchnic perfusion was assessed by quantification of superior mesenteric artery flow. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were correlated to endotoxemia, markers of hydration status and cardiac structure and function.

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