Statistical Analysis of Shape of Auricular Concha for Mass Customization of OTC Hearing Aids

Introduction Bone anchored hearing aids (BAHA) represent a useful surgical option for patients with single sided deafness. Objectives To compare multiple techniques for BAHA implantation regarding postoperative complications, operative time, and duration between the surgery and the first use of the BAHA. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of all patients receiving implantation of a BAHA from August of 2008 to October of 2014. Data collected included: patient age, gender, side operated, abutment length, operative time, duration until first use of the BAHA, operative technique, and postoperative complications. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey pairwise comparison, chi-square, and paired t-test. Statistical significance was determined using a level of p < 0.05. Results A total of 88 patients (43 female and 45 male) were included in the data analysis. A total of 80 complications were documented, and these complications were classified according to the Holgers criteria. A significant difference in the total postoperative complications existed between the six techniques used (ANOVA; p < 0.01). In addition, there was also a significant difference among the six techniques employed regarding the operative time (ANOVA; p < 0.01). The average time duration until fitting of the BAHA processor among the various techniques trended toward but did not reach statistical significance (ANOVA; p = 0.16). Conclusions Significant differences in the operative outcomes exist among the various techniques for BAHA implantation. Based on the statistical analysis of our data, the BAHA Attract system (Cochlear Ltd., Sidney, Australia) requires greater operative time, but it is associated with less postoperative complications than percutaneous techniques and its processor may be fitted significantly sooner.

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Statistical analysis of classification

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053420 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

T. J. Deeming

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Classification Scheme ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Narrow Band ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

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Quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging developed as a new tool in AEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013064x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1202-1203

Author(s):

Gianluigi Botton ◽

Gilles L'espérance

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Personal Computer ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Present Author ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Detection Limits ◽

Research Groups ◽

Quantitative Performance ◽

Spectrum Imaging

As interest for parallel EELS spectrum imaging grows in laboratories equipped with commercial spectrometers, different approaches were used in recent years by a few research groups in the development of the technique of spectrum imaging as reported in the literature. Either by controlling, with a personal computer both the microsope and the spectrometer or using more powerful workstations interfaced to conventional multichannel analysers with commercially available programs to control the microscope and the spectrometer, spectrum images can now be obtained. Work on the limits of the technique, in terms of the quantitative performance was reported, however, by the present author where a systematic study of artifacts detection limits, statistical errors as a function of desired spatial resolution and range of chemical elements to be studied in a map was carried out The aim of the present paper is to show an application of quantitative parallel EELS spectrum imaging where statistical analysis is performed at each pixel and interpretation is carried out using criteria established from the statistical analysis and variations in composition are analyzed with the help of information retreived from t/γ maps so that artifacts are avoided.

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Teachers' Stereotypes of Children Who Wear Hearing Aids

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1203.139 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cletus G. Fisher ◽

Kenneth Brooks

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

School Child ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Social Implications ◽

Elementary School Child ◽

Classroom Teachers ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Service Training

Classroom teachers were asked to list the traits they felt were characteristic of the elementary school child who wears a hearing aid. These listings were evaluated according to the desirability of the traits and were studied regarding frequency of occurrence, desirability, and educational, emotional, and social implications. The results of the groupings are discussed in terms of pre-service and in-service training.

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The Hearing Aid Effect in African American and Caucasian Males as Perceived by Female Judges of the Same Race

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.3002.165 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 165-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mary Davis ◽

Rhonda Jackson ◽

Tina Smith ◽

William Cooper

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Undergraduate Education ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Semantic Differential ◽

Semantic Differential Scale ◽

Education Majors ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

Lay Persons ◽

Males And Females

Prior studies have proven the existence of the "hearing aid effect" when photographs of Caucasian males and females wearing a body aid, a post-auricular aid (behind-the-ear), or no hearing aid were judged by lay persons and professionals. This study was performed to determine if African American and Caucasian males, judged by female members of their own race, were likely to be judged in a similar manner on the basis of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. Sixty female undergraduate education majors (30 African American; 30 Caucasian) used a semantic differential scale to rate slides of preteen African American and Caucasian males, with and without hearing aids. The results of this study showed that female African American and Caucasian judges rated males of their respective races differently. The hearing aid effect was predominant among the Caucasian judges across the dimensions of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, the African American judges only exhibited a hearing aid effect on the appearance dimension.

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A Support Program

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2502.112 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 112-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Henna Grunblatt ◽

Lisa Daar

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

School Counselor ◽

Support Program ◽

Educational Audiology ◽

Part Program ◽

One To One

A program for providing information to children who are deaf about their deafness and addressing common concerns about deafness is detailed. Developed by a school audiologist and the school counselor, this two-part program is geared for children from 3 years to 15 years of age. The first part is an educational audiology program consisting of varied informational classes conducted by the audiologist. Five topics are addressed in this part of the program, including basic audiology, hearing aids, FM systems, audiograms, and student concerns. The second part of the program consists of individualized counseling. This involves both one-to-one counseling sessions between a student and the school counselor, as well as conjoint sessions conducted—with the student’s permission—by both the audiologist and the school counselor.

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Equivalent Noise Dose Obtained Through Hearing Aids in the Classrooms of Hearing-Impaired Children

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2103.147 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Ronald A. Wilde

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

High Gain ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Deaf Children ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Very High ◽

Hearing Impaired Children

A commercial noise dose meter was used to estimate the equivalent noise dose received through high-gain hearing aids worn in a school for deaf children. There were no significant differences among nominal SSPL settings and all SSPL settings produced very high equivalent noise doses, although these are within the parameters of previous projections.

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Students as Active Participants in Hearing Aid Maintenance

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2303.208 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 208-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marsha Lipscomb ◽

Peggy Von Almen ◽

James C. Blair

Keyword(s):

Inner City ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

School System ◽

Regular Education ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Hearing Impairments ◽

City School

Twenty students between the ages of 6 and 19 years who were receiving services for students with hearing impairments in a metropolitan, inner-city school system were trained to monitor their own hearing aids. This study investigated the effect of this training on the percentage of students who wore functional hearing aids. Ten of the students received fewer than 3 hours of instruction per day in the regular education setting and generally had hearing losses in the severe to profound range. The remaining 10 students received greater than 3 hours of instruction per day in the regular education setting and had hearing losses in the moderate to severe range. The findings indicated improved hearing aid function when students were actively involved in hearing aid maintenance programs. Recommendations are made concerning hearing aid maintenance in the schools.

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A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889.0501.23 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chris Halpin ◽

Barbara Herrmann ◽

Margaret Whearty

Keyword(s):

Speech Production ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Role Models ◽

Speech Intelligibility ◽

Large Scale ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

The Family ◽

Patient Will ◽

Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

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