scholarly journals Chemical variation of five natural extracts by non-polar solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Prayitno ◽  
R. Widyorini ◽  
G. Lukmandaru
Keyword(s):  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Chemical Variation ◽  
Natural Extracts

Characterization of non polar-polar solvent extracts from some tea plantation shade tree leaves with special reference to antioxidant and antibacterial activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Arindam Ghosh ◽  
Soumya Majumder ◽  
Sumedha Saha ◽  
Malay Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Beneficial properties of shade trees of tea plantations other than their medicinal properties have been extensively studied. This research was initiated to explore the properties of some shade trees with special emphasis on their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Leaves from shade tree like Dalbergia sissoo (DS), Cassia siamea (CS), Derris robusta (DR), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia lenticularis (AL) and Melia azedarach (MA) were used for the study. Characterization of shade tree leaves by determination of moisture, crude fibre and ash content and tests of non polar – polar solvent extracts for steroid, tannins, cardiac glycosides and coumarin, free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, NO scavenging activities, quantification of Flavonoids and antibacterial activity were conducted. The average moisture, crude fibre and ash percentage of shade tree plants were found to be 62.95, 11.28 and 1.86 respectively. Methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate respectively proved to be the most potent solvent for various phytochemical extractions as it gave positive results for tests like tannin, steroid, cardiac glycosides and coumarin. AL (91.46%), DR (92.69%), LL (94.32%) and MA (93.34%) leaf extracts showed a high level of DPPH scavenging activity in their water extracts. In DS (88.11%) and CS (83.23%) maximum DPPH scavenging activity was observed in Diethyl ether and Methanol extracts respectively.  Acetone extracts were more active than the water extracts in exhibiting ferric reducing power and NO scavenging activity. Summation of the quantity revealed that DS showed maximum presence of flavonoids and acetone as most potential for isolation of flavonoids. The decreasing order of summative antibacterial activity was recorded in DS, followed by CS, DR, AL, MA and LL. Chloroform showed the highest summative inhibition zone followed by ethanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, water,  hexane, benzene and methanol. The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of shade trees were established.

The Malleable Excited States of Benzothiadiazole Dyes and Investigation of their Potential for Photochemical Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Warner ◽  
andrea thooft ◽  
Bryan J. Lampkin ◽  
selin demirci ◽  
Brett VanVeller
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Nonpolar Solvent ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Solvent Lead ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive

<p>A strategy to control the efficiency of a photocleavage reaction based on changing the nature of the excited state is presented. A novel class of photoactive compounds has been synthesized by combining the classical o-nitrobenzyl scaffold with an environmentally sensitive dye, 4-amino-nitrobenzothiazole. Irradiation in a polar solvent lead to an excited state that is inoperative for photochemistry whereas excitation in a nonpolar solvent lead to an excited state that is photochemically active. A photochemical degradation appears to be the preferred process in contrast to the intended photocleavage process.</p>

Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Study of Copper(II) Mustard Thiourea Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Vandana Sukhadia ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Asha Meena
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Urea Complex ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction

Aims: The aim of this research work is to synthesise, study and analyse photocatalytic degradation, kinetics. Background: Copper(II) mustard thio urea complex has been synthesized and characterized through FT-IR, NMR, ESR studies. Objective: Photocatalytic degradation of copper(II) mustard thio urea complex was studied in the presence of ZnO as a catalyst in the solution form, using a non polar solvent benzene and a polar solvent methanol with different compositions. Antibacterial activities of copper(II) complex have also been studied against Staphylococcus aureus. Method: O.D. was measured after different time intervals spectrophotometrically to measure the degradation of the complex. Result: Plot of 2+ log O.D. (absorbance) versus time was plotted and found to be linear. The heterogeneous photocatalysis followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The present study suggests that the CMT complex shows antibacterial activity at different concentrations. Conclusion: The rate of photocatalytic degradation of CMT complex was studied and analyzed. It has been found that the rate of degradation varies with different parameters like the concentration of complex, the amount of catalyst, light intensity, solvent polarity etc. The CMT complex derived from natural mustard oil has shown an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus which may cause skin diseases.

Promotion of stipe elongation in isolated Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies by carbohydrates, natural extracts, and amino acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Gruen ◽  
Sheue-heng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Ammonium Tartrate ◽  
Acid Growth ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Stipe Elongation ◽  
Other Substances

Isolated Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies were cultured under sterile conditions with the cut base immersed in water or solutions. Stipe elongation on water was only 6% of normal for fruit bodies isolated at 1.1–2.0 cm length, 19% at 5.1–6.0 cm, and the same as for fruit bodies attached to mycelium at 9.1–10.0 cm. Fruit bodies not immersed in water grew less in a saturated atmosphere than those in water. The mycelium must supply other substances than water for normal elongation during about two-thirds of the growth period, and only water thereafter. Isolated fruit bodies fed with filtered glucose, trehalose, sucrose, or mannitol grew better than on water. Maltose and fructose increased elongation only slightly, and sorbose had no effect. Potato extract, yeast extract, and casein hydrolysate gave no or very little growth promotion, but addition of glucose strongly increased growth on the natural extracts compared to glucose alone. Of 21 amino acids added separately to glucose, only asparagine, hydroxyproline, arginine, and to a lesser extent glutamine, stimulated growth of isolated fruit bodies. Growth was not promoted by pure asparagine, glutamine, and serine, or by thiamin or indoleacetic acid. Growth was inhibited by urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium tartrate with or without glucose.Growth promoting substances were most effective in young fruit bodies and except for glucose the promotion disappeared in fruit bodies isolated at 6.1–7.0 cm length, which corresponds to the end of the period of rapid elongation. Apical portions of fruit bodies with caps grew better on glucose than whole fruit bodies. Growth of decapitated isolated stipes was not promoted by nutrients.

scholarly journals Improved biorefinery pathways of marine diatoms using a water miscible ionic liquid and its colloidal solution: efficient lipid extraction and in situ synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots for bio-imaging applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (35) ◽  
pp. 21207-21215
Author(s):  
Paidi Murali Krishna ◽  
Veerababu Polisetti ◽  
Krishnaiah Damarla ◽  
Subir Kumar Mandal ◽  
Arvind Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Partition Method ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots

In this study, a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method.

Ultra-stable water-dispersive perovskite QDs encapsulated by triple siloxane coupling agent system with different hydrophilic/ hydrophobic properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingfeng Shi ◽  
Jianhua Lv ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Changli Lü
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Agent System ◽  
Environmental Tolerance ◽  
Perovskite Quantum Dots ◽  
Improve Stability

Driven by the instability of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), different encapsulation techniques are used to improve stability of PQDs. However, further improvements in the extreme environmental tolerance and polar solvent...

scholarly journals Recoverable Phospha-Michael Additions Catalyzed by a 4-N,N-Dimethylaminopyridinium Saccharinate Salt or a Fluorous Long-Chained Pyridine: Two Types of Reusable Base Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Eskedar Tessema ◽  
Vijayanath Elakkat ◽  
Chiao-Fan Chiu ◽  
Jing-Hung Zheng ◽  
Ka Long Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Michael Addition ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Addition Reactions ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Unsaturated Bond ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Michael Additions

Phospha-Michael addition, which is the addition reaction of a phosphorus-based nucleophile to an acceptor-substituted unsaturated bond, certainly represents one of the most versatile and powerful tools for the formation of P-C bonds, since many different electrophiles and P nucleophiles can be combined with each other. This offers the possibility to access many diversely functionalized products. In this work, two kinds of basic pyridine-based organo-catalysts were used to efficiently catalyze phospha-Michael addition reactions, the 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridinium saccharinate (DMAP·Hsac) salt and a fluorous long-chained pyridine (4-Rf-CH2OCH2-py, where Rf = C11F23). These catalysts have been synthesized and characterized by Lu’s group. The phospha-Michael addition of diisopropyl, dimethyl or triethyl phosphites to α, β-unsaturated malonates in the presence of those catalysts showed very good reactivity with high yield at 80–100 °C in 1–4.5 h with high catalytic recovery and reusability. With regard to significant catalytic recovery, sometimes more than eight cycles were observed for DMAP·Hsac adduct by using non-polar solvents (e.g., ether) to precipitate out the catalyst. In the case of the fluorous long-chained pyridine, the thermomorphic method was used to efficiently recover the catalyst for eight cycles in all the reactions. Thus, the easy separation of the catalysts from the products revealed the outstanding efficacy of our systems. To our knowledge, these are good examples of the application of recoverable organo-catalysts to the DMAP·Hsac adduct by using non-polar solvent and a fluorous long-chained pyridine under the thermomorphic mode in phospha-Michael addition reactions.

scholarly journals A review on antibacterial and therapeutic plasma-enhanced activities of natural extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 101513
Author(s):  
F.J. Alonso-Montemayor ◽  
R. Reyna-Martínez ◽  
M.G. Neira-Velázquez ◽  
A. Sáenz-Galindo ◽  
C.N. Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Extracts

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

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