scholarly journals The Asian Carp Threat to the Great Lakes: An Analysis of Alternatives for Preventing Asian Carp Migration

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Carp ◽  
Invasive Fish ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Analysis Of Alternatives ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Native Invasive

The ecosystems of the United States face numerous threats to sustainability arising from the introduction and proliferation of non-native, invasive plants and animals. One example is that of Asian carp, a species of invasive fish that is devastating native ecosystems in some inland US waterways. Current concerns center on the migration of Asian carp into the Great Lakes and how that could be particularly detrimental to the ecosystems and natural stability of the area. This paper examines the policy alternatives for halting the advance of Asian carp before they reach the Great Lakes, and recommends that electric barriers be used as the primary means of deterrent. However, such barriers are not a universally-applicable solution, and further research on securing US waterways from the Asian carp threat is required.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Regarding Non-native Texas Invasive Plant Species

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 969A-969
Author(s):  
Sharon Frey ◽  
Carolyn Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Native Invasive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plants have been introduced into the United States intentionally as well as unintentionally as seeds and weeds. Technological advances, a mobile society, and our curiosity and desire to improve our landscapes have led to an ever-increasing invasive movement. These alien plants can jeopardize native populations, alter ecosystems, alter fire and water regimes, change the nutrient status, modify habitats, and cause significant economic harm. Today's public is unaware of the danger some non-native plants species pose to natural areas, thereby contributing to the lack of control for non-native invasive plants. This study looked at the knowledge and attitudes of Texas Master Gardeners as related to invasive species commonly used in landscaping. A web survey was made available to all Texas Master Gardeners that included pictures of plants along with their common and scientific names. Participants were asked to identify which they thought were invasive and contribute information regarding their knowledge of non-native invasive plants. Each of the invasive plants shown is on both the federal and the Texas Invasive Plant lists. Inquires were made concerning the occurrence of these plants in the participants' personal landscape and communities and their perceptions of each plant as an invasive threat. The purpose of the study is to determine if a relationship exists between knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the participant and the occurrence of non-native invasive plants in the landscape. The results of this study will help determine factors that contribute to the lack of control for non-native invasive plants.

Implications of the 2012 U.S. Election for U.S. Policy in Africa’s Great Lakes Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
White House ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The U.S

Abstract:While Africans are generally satisfied that a person of African descent was reelected to the White House following a campaign in which vicious and racist attacks were made against him, the U.S. Africa policy under President Barack Obama will continue to be guided by the strategic interests of the United States, which are not necessarily compatible with the popular aspirations for democracy, peace, and prosperity in Africa. Obama’s policy in the Great Lakes region provides an excellent illustration of this point. Since Rwanda and Uganda are Washington’s allies in the “war against terror” in Darfur and Somalia, respectively, the Obama administration has done little to stop Kigali and Kampala from destabilizing the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and looting its natural resources, either directly or through proxies. Rwanda and Uganda have even been included in an international oversight mechanism that is supposed to guide governance and security sector reforms in the DRC, but whose real objective is to facilitate Western access to the enormous natural wealth of the Congo and the Great Lakes region.

Evaluating harvest-based control of invasive fish with telemetry: performance of sea lamprey traps in the Great Lakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Holbrook ◽  
Roger A. Bergstedt ◽  
Jessica Barber ◽  
Gale A. Bravener ◽  
Michael L. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Invasive Fish

scholarly journals Exploring the nature of air quality over southwestern Ontario: main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 10461-10482 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brook ◽  
P. A. Makar ◽  
D. M. L. Sills ◽  
K. L. Hayden ◽  
R. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Lake Breeze ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model

Abstract. This paper serves as an overview and discusses the main findings from the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met) in southwestern Ontario in 2007. This region is dominated by the Great Lakes, shares borders with the United States and consistently experiences the highest ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter concentrations in Canada. The purpose of BAQS-Met was to improve our understanding of how lake-driven meteorology impacts air quality in the region, and to improve models used for forecasting and policy scenarios. Results show that lake breeze occurrence frequencies and inland penetration distances were significantly greater than realized in the past. Due to their effect on local meteorology, the lakes were found to enhance secondary O3 and aerosol formation such that local anthropogenic emissions have their impact closer to the populated source areas than would otherwise occur in the absence of the lakes. Substantial spatial heterogeneity in O3 was observed with local peaks typically 30 ppb above the regional values. Sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) enhancements were also linked to local emissions being transported in the lake breeze circulations. This study included the first detailed evaluation of regional applications of a high-resolution (2.5 km grid) air quality model in the Great Lakes region. The model showed that maxima in secondary pollutants occur in areas of convergence, in localized updrafts and in distinct pockets over the lake surfaces. These effects are caused by lake circulations interacting with the synoptic flow, with each other or with circulations induced by urban heat islands. Biogenic and anthropogenic emissions were both shown to play a role in the formation of SOA in the region. Detailed particle measurements and multivariate receptor models reveal that while individual particles are internally mixed, they often exist within more complex external mixtures. This makes it difficult to predict aerosol optical properties and further highlights the challenges facing aerosol modelling. The BAQS-Met study has led to a better understanding of the value of high-resolution (2.5 km) modelling for air quality and meteorological predictions and has led to several model improvements.

The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Langston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Commission ◽  
International Joint Commission ◽  
International Joint ◽  
The 1960S

By the 1960s, the failures of research and cooperative pragmatism to control Great Lakes pollution were becoming painfully evident. In 1972 Canada and the United States signed the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. The agreement was groundbreaking in its focus on cleaning up existing pollution and preventing new pollutants, but the International Joint Commission has no authority to force the two nations to implement recommendations. Therefore, when Canada or the United States refuses to abide by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (in its various revisions), very little happens in response—besides calls for more research.

scholarly journals Is Deployment Desirable? An Examination of National Missile Defense Alternatives

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J. Teti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Missile Defense ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Rogue States ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Missile Defense

Today, the United States stands alone as the world's sole superpower. Traditionally, this status and the nation's strategic location has served as an effective national defense. However, with the rise of new threats from rogue states, terrorists, and new powers, the United States must determine whether current national defense policy is sufficient in the world's changing political climate. This article examines the possibility of deploying a National Missile Defense system (NMD). The author suggests three policy alternatives and explores the concerns surrounding the issue. The alternatives include maintaining the status quo, implementing a limited program, or full deploying a full NMD system. The author discusses the difficulty in implementing NMD, but suggests that the changing climate calls for action.

Language Maintenance and Shift

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Potowski
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Basic Tenet ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Language Maintenance And Shift

Language shift is the replacement of one language by another as the primary means of communication and socialization within a community. In an effort to understand the factors that contribute to language shift and those which seem to militate against it, this chapter explores several immigrant and non-immigrant contexts around the world, with particular focus on the United States. The principal factors—divided into individual, family, community, and broader societal factors—are often interdependent. The discussion also notes the basic tenet emphasized by Fishman (1991) that language maintenance must involve intergenerational transmission of the language. If intergenerational transmission of a language ceases, it can be said that the speakers have shifted to another language. Many of the world’s 6000 to 7000 languages are being lost—by some estimates, up to half of them—mostly due to the spread of a few dominant languages, which many speakers are shifting to.

Marpol V and Cargo Residues in the Great Lakes

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Eric Reeves ◽  
Laurie Perry
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Enforcement Policy ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
The U.S

In 1989 the U.S. Coast Guard promulgated regulations implementing Annex V to Marpol 73/78, which regulates the discharge of "garbage" from ships. Since that time it has become apparent that Marpol V, an international regime designed for the high seas, does not translate into a workable regime for the Great Lakes without some modification for the special problem of cargo residue discharges from dry bulk carriers. Application of Marpol V to the Great Lakes by the United States has also created an anomaly, because Canada has yet to do so, in large part because of serious concerns about its application to cargo residues on the Great Lakes. On September 22, 1993 the U.S. Coast Guard Ninth District put out an interim enforcement policy designed to provide a reasonable balance between the need to protect the environment of the lakes against any possible harm while taking account of the need for safe operation of commercial dry bulk carriers. At the same time, in cooperation with the Canadian Coast Guard Central Region and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard Ninth District is developing better scientific information about the possible effects of cargo residues in order to build a scientific basis for a revised regulatory regime. As the scientific study progresses, the Ninth Coast Guard District continues to make modifications to the current enforcement policy, in consultation with Canadian Coast Guard Central Region, the scientific community, industry, and environmental groups. The final goal is a reasonably balanced and consistent regime on both sides of the lakes, in accordance with the mandates of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

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