scholarly journals Evaluation of penile cavernosal artery intima-media thickness in patients with erectile dysfunction. A new parameter in the diagnosis of vascular erectile dysfunction. Our experience on 59 cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Prezioso ◽  
Fabrizio Iacono ◽  
Umberto Russo ◽  
Giuseppe Romeo ◽  
Antonio Ruffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Cavernosal Artery ◽  
Vascular Origin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: A precise characterization of erectile dysfunction (ED) of vascular origin has not yet been achieved, although cavernous peak systolic velocity (PSV) is generally considered a major parameter. Nevertheless the penile dynamic color Doppler is invasive and linked to several complications. The intima-media thicknesses (IMT) of cavernosal artery would add to the predictive value of vasculogenic ED risk and outcomes. We also hypothesized the existence of a correlation between IMT cavernosal artery and IMT carotid arteries. This study seeks to evaluate these hypotheses with our experience, investigating the predictive accuracy of carotid and cavernosal Doppler ultrasound findings for discriminating patients with vasculogenic ED. Material and methods: A total of 59 subjects (32 vasculogenic ED patients - group A - and 27 no vasculogenic ED patients - group B) were evaluated in our andrological center from September 2012 to June 2013 and enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent medical history, erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, physical examination, routine and sex hormone blood tests, and high resolution dynamic color Doppler ultrasound evaluation of carotid and penile districts and valutation of IMT in both districts. Results: The values of cavernosal artery IMT in group A were higher than in group B (0,28 ± 0,06 mm vs 0,17 ± 0,07 mm). Even the values of carotid artery IMT in vasculogenic ED group were higher than in no vasculogenic ED group (0,74 ± 0,14 mm vs 0,59 ± 0,11 mm). The cavernosal IMT showed a moderate (r = 0.61) positive linear correlation (p < 0.001) with the carotid artery IMT. Conclusions: An increased cavernous IMT might predict ED of vascular origin with more accuracy than PSV and could be a sensitive predictor also for systemic atherosclerosis at an earlier phase.

scholarly journals Is There a Role for Levo-Thyroxine for the Treatment of Arterial Erectile Dysfunction? The Clinical Relevance of the Mean Platelet Volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero ◽  
Antonio Aversa ◽  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Sandro La Vignera
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Arterial erectile dysfunction (ED) is an early sign of vascular damage. Rare evidence has been published so far as to whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) affects arterial erectile function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to fill this gap. Methods: Patients with arterial ED and SCH were consecutive enrolled and randomly divided into Group A (n = 20) and Group B (n = 20). Group A was treated with levo-thyroxine (LT4) at the dose of 1 µg/kg/day for six months, whereas patients of the group B did not receive any treatment. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free-thyroxine (FT4), peak systolic velocity (PSV), International Index of Erectile Function 5-item version (IIEF-5) score, mean platelet volume (MPV), and total cholesterol were evaluated at enrollment (T0) and after six months (T1). Patients without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, not on drugs, and with normal total testosterone (TT) values were included in this study. Results: Group A and B did not differ for age (61.2 ± 4.8 vs. 60.3 ± 5.6 years), body-mass index (28.7 ± 2.5 vs. 28.3 ± 2.6 Kg/m2), and serum TT levels (481.2 ± 54.0 vs. 492.1 ± 59.7 ng/dL). At T0, serum TSH levels (6.5 ± 1.2 vs. 6.0 ± 1.0 µIU/mL), FT4 (8.8 ± 0.6 vs. 8.8 ± 0.6 pmol/L), PSV (26.5 ± 1.4 vs. 25.8 ± 2.1 cm/s), IIEF-5 score (8.2 ± 1.7 vs. 9.0 ± 1.7), and total cholesterol (167.8 ± 21.7 vs. 171.6 ± 21.3 mg/dL) did not significantly differ in patients of Group A vs. those of Group B. MPV was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (12.3 ± 0.3 vs. 11.8 ± 0.7 fL). At T1, Group A showed significantly lower TSH (2.26 ± 0.5 µIU/mL), MPV (9.5 ± 0.3 fL), and total cholesterol (137.8 ± 29.2 mg/dL) and significantly higher FT4 (9.3 ± 0.4 pmol/L), PSV (40.0 ± 2.6 cm/s), and IIEF-5 score (20.2 ± 3.6) compared to pre-treatment values. None of these endpoints showed significant change at T1 compared to T0 in patients of group B. Conclusions: Lt4 therapy is associated with an improvement of the erectile function at the vascular level, a decrease in MPV and total cholesterol. LT4 therapy should be considered in patients with arterial ED and SCH.

Combination Therapy Of Tadalafil And Pentoxifylline In Severe Erectile Dysfunction; A Prospective Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Roat ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Ravimohan S. Mavuduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstractwas to assess efficacy of Tadalafil alone versus Tadalafil plus Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by using self administered IIEF-5 questionnaire.Two hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with ED at andrology OPD were evaluated for ED by a self administered IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire. Patients were systematically randomized by computer generated random table into two groups groups namely, group A: Tadalafil only group, group B: combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifyl-line. All the patients were re-assessed by IIEF-5 questionnaire after 8 weeks of medical therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s unpaired t-test, paired t-test, chi square test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Two hundred and thirty seven patients were included in the present study, in group A: 92 patients (78.6%) showed improvement in their IIEF score after 8 weeks of tadalafil treatment. While in group B, overall 104 patients(86.6%) showed improvement after combination of Tadalafil and Pentoxifylline. There was a statistically significant difference of percentage change in IIEF score was seen in group B (group A 90.7±15.2%, group B 95.6±13.4%; p value – 0.014). We found this difference even more statistically significant in patients with severe ED (group A 72.7±47.2%, group B 132.3±54.3%; p value – 0.000). There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regards to occur-rence of side effects.Both tadalafil and combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifylline improve erectile function in patients of ED. Patients with severe ED showed much significant improvement in erectile function with combination therapy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Inferior Thyroid Artery by Color Doppler Ultrasound in Diffuse Toxic GoiterExperience at NINMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nasreen Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Quddus ◽  
Rahima Perveen ◽  
Mohammad Simoon Salekin ◽  
Md Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioiodine Therapy ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Inferior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
Anterior Posterior

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the B mode ultrasonography findings of thyroid gland and peak systolic velocity of inferior thyroid artery by color Doppler application, in patients with diffuse toxic goiter at the time of diagnosis and 6-8 months after radioiodine 131-I therapy.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This was a prospective observational study conducted in National Institute of Nuclear Medicine &amp; Allied Sciences (NINMAS) between June 2015 and October 2016. Forty consecutive diagnosed diffuse toxic goiter patients were selected at the time of diagnosis prior to radioiodine therapy. An ultrasonography evaluation of thyroid gland (measurement of anterior posterior diameter for convenience) and measurement of peak systolic velocity of inferior thyroid artery in both sides of thyroid gland were performed before and after 131-I therapy (6-8 months). The examination was performed in thyroid division of NINMAS by advanced ultrasound machine with a linear transducer (5-12 MHz). The patients were divided into two groups. Group A-diffuse toxic goiter prior to radioiodine therapy and group B- same patients 6-8 months after radioiodine therapy.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A reduction in the anterior –posterior diameter of the thyroid gland was observed from pre to post treatment evaluation, performed at 6 and or 8 months after radioiodine therapy. Color Doppler showed increased parenchymal vascularity at the time of diagnosis which gradually declined after radioiodine therapy. Thyroid blood flow, as assessed by PSV of ITA, was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B respectively (70.5 ± 15.5 cm/ sec versus 22.2 ± 12.9 cm/sec). PSV was measured in 10 healthy euthyroid adults &amp; their PSV ranged 13-20 cm/Sec. Parenchymal vascularity of the thyroid gland was higher in hyperthyroid patients than in euthyroid patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Assessment of thyroid gland by B-mode ultrasound and blood flow by color Doppler study (CDS) is an effective marker in the initial diagnosis of diffuse toxic goiter.</p><p>Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 20(1): 41-44, January 2017</p>

scholarly journals AlgaEcklonia bicyclis,Tribulus terrestris, and Glucosamine Oligosaccharide Improve Erectile Function, Sexual Quality of Life, and Ejaculation Function in Patients with Moderate Mild-Moderate Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blinded Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Sansalone ◽  
Rosario Leonardi ◽  
Gabriele Antonini ◽  
Antonio Vitarelli ◽  
Giuseppe Vespasiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Sexual Quality Of Life ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral therapy with algaEcklonia bicyclis,Tribulus terrestris, and glucosamine oligosaccharide (Tradamix TX1000) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) at 3 months of follow-up. From January 2013 to September 2013, 177 patients diagnosed with mild-moderate ED (IIEF-EF < 26) were enrolled in this multicenter, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study and randomized in Group A (Tradamix,n=87) and Group B (placebo,n=90). Penile color Doppler ultrasound measures, IIEF-15 questionnaire, male sexual health questionnaire-ejaculation disorder (MSHQ-EjD), and sexual quality of life (SQoL-M) were collected. We observed significant changes of the IIEF-15 in Group A (mean difference: 11.54;P<0.05) at 3 months versus Group B (P<0.05). PSV (P<0.05), IIEF-intercourse satisfaction (P<0.05), IIEF-orgasmic function (meanP<0.05), IIEF-sexual desire (P<0.05), IIEF-overall satisfaction (P<0.05), MSHQ-EjD (mean difference: 1.21;P<0.05), and SQoL-M (mean difference: 10.2;P<0.05) were significantly changed in Group A versus baseline and Group B. Patients with moderate arterial dysfunction showed significant increase of PSV (P<0.05), IIEF-EF (P<0.05), MSHQ-EjD (P<0.05), and SQoL-M (P<0.05) in Group A. Therapy with Tradamix improves erectile and ejaculation function and sexual quality of life in patients with mild-moderate ED and in particular for those with moderate arterial dysfunction.

scholarly journals An Effective and Simple Way to Establish Elastase-Induced Middle Carotid Artery Fusiform Aneurysms in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yanxia Lyu ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
ChaoJia Wang ◽  
AnRong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Medication Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective. Elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits have been proposed as a preclinical tool for device development, but there is still much deficiency in those aneurismal models. So we need to explore the efficient and convenient animal models for the investigation of intracranial aneurysms. Then, we compared and analyzed three methods of elastase-induced carotid artery aneurysms in rabbits and aimed to find a simple, effective, and reproducible method for creating elastase-induced aneurysms. Methods. 42 standard feeding male adult Japanese white rabbits (3.05±0.65 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups and treated with elastase ablation to create common carotid artery (RCCA) aneurysm models: Group A (root-RCCA medication group, n=12), Group B (mid-RCCA medication group, n=18), and Group C (ligated RCCA+medication group, n=12). For Group A, the origin of the RCCA was blocked by two temporary aneurysm clips, and the resulting 2 cm cavity was infused with elastase for 20 min, then the clip was removed and the RCCA was not ligated. For Group B, the middle part of RCCA was treated the same way as Group A and the RCCA was not ligated. For Group C, the middle part of RCCA was treated as Group B, but the distal RCCA was ligated. After the aneurysm models were created for 3 weeks, prior to sacrificing the animals, color Doppler ultrasound and angiography were performed for blood flow measurements inside the aneurysms. Histological analysis (such as SMA-α, CD31, CD34, CD68, collagen IV, and Ki67) and the other relevant indexes were compared between the ideal model’s aneurysmal tissues and the human intracranial aneurysm’s tissues to confirm whether we have successfully established elastase-induced aneurysm models. Results. Compared with human intracranial aneurysm specimens by the color Doppler ultrasound, angiography, and changes in the inner diameter of arteries, all three methods have successfully established the elastase-induced aneurysm models. Histology showed that biological responses were similar to both human cerebral aneurysms and previously published elastase-induced rabbit aneurysm models. Group A and Group B had the same morphology, but Group A had a higher mortality rate than Group B. Group B and Group C had different morphology. The aneurysm of Group C was more similar to human cerebral aneurysms but had a higher mortality rate than Group B. Group B was confirmed not only as an alternative method but also as a more safe and effective method for creating elastase-induced aneurysm models. Conclusion. Through analysis and comparison, the Group B is proven to be the simplest, reproducible, and most effective modeling method. The aneurysm model established by Group B can be used for basic research related to aneurysm mechanism. We have provided a new and effective method for basic research on aneurysm.

scholarly journals Intelligent Algorithm-Based Analysis on Ultrasound Image Characteristics of Patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Occlusion and Its Correlation with Diabetic Mellitus Foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
YunShuang Wu ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Hailing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Intelligent Algorithm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective. The study focused on the correlation between lower extremity arteriosclerosis and diabetic mellitus (DM) foot, and it was explored by virtue of ultrasound images processed by an intelligent algorithm. Methods. A total of 60 DM foot patients admitted to our hospital in the past three years were selected and divided into two groups according to their condition. Patients with DM foot alone were in group B (30 cases), and patients with DM foot combined with lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion were in group C (30 cases). 30 healthy people were in group A as a control. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to examine the arteries of the lower extremities of all subjects. It the intramedia thickness (IMT) from the femoral artery to the dorsal foot artery was recorded, whether there was plaque in the artery or knowing the size of the plaque, its echo, and distribution, and whether the artery had stenosis. Next, the stenosis percentage was calculated. Additionally, the general information of patients was analyzed. At the same time, an intelligent algorithm was used to process ultrasound images, and its effects on image quality were evaluated. Results. Doppler ultrasound images processed by Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) had less noise and better quality, and key information about the lesion was clearly displayed. There was no statistical difference between the general data of the three groups of patients; group B and group C had higher IMT value, plaque incidence, arterial stenosis incidence, and degree of stenosis versus group A, and there were statistically significant differences between groups B and C. In particular, the incidence of femoral artery stenosis and the degree of stenosis were significantly higher in group C than in group B. The rate of stenosis above grade I in group C was as high as 71%, while that in group B was only 19%; in Group C, the incidence of stenosis above grade II was 30%, and that in group B was 13.1%. Compared with group A, group B and group C had decreased peak arterial blood velocity (PSV), resistance index (RI), and pulse index (PI), and there were statistically significant differences between groups B and C. Conclusion. DM foot is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis occlusion; color Doppler ultrasound demonstrates good diagnostic effects on arteriosclerosis occlusion; the algorithm proposed in this study can improve the quality of Doppler ultrasound images and has a high application value.

scholarly journals The Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Penile Hemodynamics in Hypogonadal Men With Erectile Dysfunction, Having Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Efesoy ◽  
Selahittin Çayan ◽  
Erdem Akbay
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Physiological Serum

Hypogonadism may cause veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) by structural and biochemical alterations in the cavernosal tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction and VOD. The study included 32 hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction, having VOD. All patients underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography (PCDU) at the beginning and 6 months after the initial evaluation. Erectile function was evaluated with the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5); hypogonadism was evaluated by testosterone measurement and the Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale. All patients received transdermal testosterone 50 mg/day for 6 months. Clinical and radiological findings were compared before and 6 months after the TRT. The mean age was 58.81 ± 4.56 (52–69) years. Mean total testosterone levels were 181.06 ± 39.84 ng/dL and 509.00 ± 105.57 ng/dL before and after the therapy, respectively ( p < .001). While all patients had physiological serum testosterone levels (>320 ng/dL) after the therapy, three cases (9.3%) had no clinical improvement of hypogonadism symptoms. Cavernosal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI) significantly increased, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) significantly decreased after TRT. VOD no longer existed in 21 (65.6%) of the cases. This study demonstrated that TRT may restore penile hemodynamics in hypogonadal men with VOD.

Venous Hemodynamic Insufficiency Severity Score variation after endovascular treatment of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Scalise ◽  
Eugenio Novelli ◽  
Massimiliano Farina ◽  
Luciano Barbato ◽  
Salvatore Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Group A ◽  
Edss Score ◽  
Group B

Introduction Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition characterized by anomalies of the internal jugular veins (IJVs) and/or azygos veins with disturbed flow and formation of collateral venous channels. The presence of CCSVI has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Percutaneous venous angioplasty (PVA) has been proposed to improve extracranial outflow; however, a non-invasive, post-procedural follow-up outcome measure has not been established. Aim of the study To evaluate the short-term hemodynamic follow-up of CCSVI after PVA using color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) and to investigate whether hemodynamic variation correlated with clinical variation. Materials and methods Forty-five patients affected by MS with confirmed CCSVI underwent IJVs PVA. Venous hemodynamic (VH) parameters indicative of CCSVI and the Venous Hemodynamic Insufficiency Severity Score (VHISS) were evaluated by CDU at baseline and 3 months post-PVA. Concurrently, the MS-related disability status (EDSS) was evaluated. Results The VH parameters and VHISS 3 months after IJVs PVA significantly decreased: the VH parameters −32.1% and the VHISS −33.8% ( p < 0.001). The EDSS score 3 months after IJVs PVA was significantly lower than the baseline (−5.5%, p < 0.001). Using the median value of the VHISS variation as the cut-off, we were able to identify two groups of patients: responders, group A; and non-responders, group B. The EDSS score variation at 3 months was 0.310 in group A and 0.275 in group B ( p = 0.746). Conclusions CCSVI endovascular treatment can induce an improvement in VH parameters and the VHISS. The neurological disability score (EDSS) also improved after PVA; however, there was no correlation to the VHISS variation after PVA, MS type and duration.

Comparison of 40 and 60 milliliters of contrast in assessment of the carotid artery by computed tomography angiography

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Takeyama ◽  
Y. Ohgiya ◽  
H. Itokawa ◽  
Y. Takahashi ◽  
M. Obuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Scan Speed ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Although fast acquisition of multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) can make it possible to acquire sufficient early vascular enhancement using small volumes and high concentrations of contrast material (CM), there are still some problems with nephrotoxicity and costs related to CM. Purpose: To compare the qualitative and quantitative performance in cervicocranial CT angiography (CTA) using two different iodine volumes and concentrations of CM. Material and Methods: CTA ranging from the aortic arch (AA) to distal to the circle of Willis (cW) was performed on a 32-MDCT system. Fifty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A (29 patients) received 60 ml of 300 mg I/ml CM, and group B (the other 29 patients) received 40 ml of 370 mg I/ml CM. Time to peak arterial enhancement at cW (Tc) was calculated. As scan speed was 96.9 mm/s and injection rate was 4.0 ml/s, scanning delay was individually decided according to Tc and scan duration between AA and cW. Arterial attenuation along the z-axis at eight points in the carotid-cerebral artery and venous attenuation of the internal jugular vein (IJV) at carotid bifurcation were measured. Mean attenuation values were then quantitatively analyzed. Postprocessing images were qualitatively assessed. Results: Arterial attenuation profiles revealed maximum attenuation at the distal common carotid artery in both groups. Although there were no significant differences in mean arterial attenuation in group A versus group B (402±70 HU vs. 407±67 HU; P=0.78), venous attenuation of the IJV was lower in group B than in group A (114±57 HU vs. 224±81 HU; P<0.001). Although arterial images demonstrated no difference qualitatively between the two groups, the venous contamination of IVC was less prominent in group B. Conclusion: Although a different amount of CM was administered in both groups, quantitative and qualitative arterial images did not show significant differences between the two groups.

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