scholarly journals Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Kosovo hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lul Raka ◽  
Gazmend Spahija ◽  
Agreta Gashi-Gecaj ◽  
Astrit Hamza ◽  
Edita Haxhiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Stewardship Program

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance constitute a major public health challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence rate of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals in Kosovo. A multicenter study was performed in all hospitals in Kosovo. The standardized protocol for Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) on HAIs and antimicrobial use developed by European Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) was used for this survey. A total of 915 patients were included in PPS. Countrywide prevalence rate of HAIs was 4.9%. The highest rate was noticed in tertiary care level in University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK) (7.2%). The most common type of HAI was surgical site infection, representing 35.5% of all reported HAIs. Prevalence of HAIs was highest in surgical departments (46.6%). The median length of stay before onset of HAI was 11 days (range: 3-27 days). Gram negative bacteria were the predominant microorganisms (61% of cases). From all patients, 520 (56.8%) of them were using at least one antibiotic. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antibiotic with 40.3%. Antibiotics were administered mainly through parenteral route (93.8%). Empiric treatment was the physician’s choice for prescribing in 87.1%. The main reason for antibiotic treatment was pneumonia (19.8%). Medical prophylaxis was reported in 10% of antibiotic prescriptions. Key recommendations driven by this study are to improve surveillance systems of HAI and antibiotic use, enhance infection prevention and control and establish antimicrobial stewardship program.

Point prevalence of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110358
Author(s):  
Sailesh Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Swarup Shrestha ◽  
Sisham Ingnam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Information on the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and patterns of antibiotic use are prerequisites for infection prevention and control (IPC) and antibiotics stewardship programmes. However, a few studies have been reported from resource-limited settings and many of them have not used standard definitions to diagnose HAI precluding benchmarking with regional or international data. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antibiotic use in our centre. We conducted a point prevalence survey in a 350-bed university hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal in April 2019. We reviewed all patients aged ⩾ 18 years admitted to the hospital for at least two calendar days and evaluated for the three common HAIs—pneumonia, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection. We used the clinical criteria by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control to diagnose the HAIs. We also collected information on the antibiotics used. Of 160 eligible patients, 18 (11.25%) had HAIs and 114 (87.5%) were on antibiotics, with more than half of them (61/114 patients, 53.5%) receiving two or more antibiotics. This highlights the need for effective implementation of IPC as well as antibiotics stewardship programmes in our centre.

scholarly journals A prospective antibiotic point prevalence survey in two primary referral hospitals during and after pilgrims stay in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Yaser M. ◽  
Ahmad K. Aljabri ◽  
Faisal N. Alsaadi ◽  
Lamiaa M. Rizk ◽  
Renad Y. Alahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Referral Hospitals

Purpose: To assess current patterns of antibiotic use by carrying out two point-prevalence surveys (PPS) in Madinah after the return of hajj pilgrims from Makkah and when Madinah is free from pilgrims. Methods: In September 2016 and November 2016, a prospective PPS was conducted on two separate dates (during the hajj pilgrims stay in Madinah and after they leave). Data on antibiotics use were generated during these two periods. This involved an audit from all the departments of two referral hospitals (King Fahad Hospital (KFH) - 425 beds, and Al Ansar Hospital - 100 beds) of inpatients records. Data were collected using standard forms adapted from the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC). Results: A total of 675 inpatients were included in PPS; among them, 332 (49.18 %) patients were receiving antibiotic therapy. In September 2016, 168 patients were treated with antibiotics, with a prevalence rate of 50.60 %, whereas, in November 2016, the prevalence rate was 49.40 %. Overall, 198 patients were identified in surgical wards, of which 132 patients (66.6 %) were receiving antibiotic therapy; 121 patients in ICU of which 70 patients (57.8 %) received antibiotics; 13 patients in other wards of which 6 (46.1 %) received antibiotic treatment; and 343 patients in medical wards of which 126 patients (36.7 %) were treated with antibiotics. There was no significant difference in prevalence of antibiotic prescribing between the two surveys (Pearson Chi-square test, p = 0.56) and with regards to patient age between the two surveys (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.32). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that antibiotic use with adherence to hospital guidelines and PPS helps in identifying targets for quality improvement. Moreover, to escalate the prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals, PPS provides a useful tool. Furthermore, this survey provides a background to evaluate antibiotic use by a standardized methodology. Keywords: Point prevalence survey, Antibiotic use, Prescribing practices, Antibiotic resistance, Quality improvement, Antibiotic stewardship, Hajj, Pilgrims

scholarly journals Antimicrobial use across six referral hospitals in Tanzania: a point prevalence survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042819
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Seni ◽  
Siana G Mapunjo ◽  
Rachel Wittenauer ◽  
Richard Valimba ◽  
Andy Stergachis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Referral Hospitals

ObjectiveTo delineate the prevalence and factors associated with antimicrobial use across six referral hospitals in Tanzania using WHO point prevalence survey (PPS) methodology to inform hospital-specific antimicrobial stewardship programmes.DesignCross-sectional analytical study.SettingSix referral hospitals in Tanzania.ParticipantsPatients irrespective of age and gender (n=948) admitted in the six referral hospital wards before 8:00 hours on each day of the survey were included in December 2019. Using the WHO PPS methodology, data on hospitals, wards, patients, antibiotics, and indications for antibiotics were collected.Outcome measuresWe analysed the prevalence of antibiotic use by referral hospital, ward, indication and patient characteristics as the main outcomes. We also described adherence to the Tanzania Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) and WHO’s AWaRe categorisation of antibiotics.ResultsApproximately 62.3% of inpatients were prescribed antibiotics, predominantly from the Access group of antibiotics (ceftriaxone, metronidazole or ampicillin–cloxacillin). The overall adherence of antibiotic prescriptions to the Tanzania STG was high (84.0%), with the exception of Sekou Toure Regional Referral Hospital (68.0%) and Maweni Regional Referral Hospital (57.8%). The most common indication for antibiotic prescriptions was community-acquired infections (39.8%). Children less than 2 years of age (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.92, p=0.039); admission to surgical wards (OR 4.90, 95% CI 2.87 to 8.36, p <0.001); and admission to paediatric wards (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.16 to 7.15, p <0.001) were associated with increased odds of antibiotic use. Only 2 of 591 patients were prescribed antibiotics based on culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.ConclusionsEmpirical use of antibiotics is common, and the Access group of antibiotics is predominantly prescribed in children less than 2 years and patients admitted to surgical and paediatric wards. Lack of utilisation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing services in these hospitals requires urgent interventions. Routine monitoring of antibiotic use is recommended to be part of antibiotic stewardship programmes in Tanzania.

Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Prescription Patterns in a Pediatric Tertiary-Care Unit in Thailand 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1476-1482
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Audit And Feedback ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Prospective Audit ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Prospective Audit And Feedback

Background: Surveillance data is an essential part of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Objective: To describe and compare prescription patterns of antibiotics after a 3-years implementation of an ASP using prospective audit and feedback. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a point prevalence survey (PPS) of antibiotic prescriptions at a 200-bed pediatric unit at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A standardized study protocol from the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and the Efficacy in Neonates and Children (GARPEC) project was used. The authors reviewed medical charts of hospitalized children of less than 18 years of age, using a point prevalence method on the 15 of February, May, August, and November 2019. Endpoints measures included rate of antimicrobial prescriptions and type of antimicrobial use, stratified by neonatal and pediatric ward types. Rate of antimicrobial prescriptions will be compared with historical data form PPS in the same institute collected in 2016. Results: In 2019, the medical records of 269 neonates and 409 children hospitalized were reviewed. The proportion of children receiving antibiotics in neonatal units overall was 18.6% (95% CI 14.1 to 23.8), of which ampicillin or gentamicin (52.0%) was the most common regimen. Rate of antibiotic prescriptions in general pediatric wards was 46.5%, with third generation cephalosporins being the most used antibiotics. Prescription rate in the oncology ward was 52.9% with antipseudomonal agents or meropenem being the most prescribed antibiotics. Prescription rates in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was 88.9%, with meropenem being the most used antibiotic. Compared to a previous PPS study in 2016, prevalence of antimicrobial use was higher in general pediatric wards at 46.5% versus 37.2% (p=0.02) and PICU at 88.9% versus 67.7% (p=0.007). Conclusion: The prevalence rates of antimicrobial use in pediatric wards increased despite implementation of a prospective audit and feedback antibiotic stewardship program. Other measures are needed to reduce the unnecessary prescriptions. Keywords: Antimicrobial; Antimicrobial stewardship program; Pediatric; Point prevalence survey

scholarly journals Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use in Four Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 4553-4566
Author(s):  
Federico A Zumaya-Estrada ◽  
Alfredo Ponce-de-León-Garduño ◽  
Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela ◽  
Juan Carlos Tinoco-Favila ◽  
Patricia Cornejo-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

scholarly journals Point-Prevalence Survey for the Hospital-Acquired Infections in Intensive Care Units of Trauma Center in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Boora ◽  
Parul Singh ◽  
Arun Verma ◽  
Ashok Chauhan ◽  
Amit Lathwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Center ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background The burden of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) is all assumption based, and the true burden remains unknown in most countries, particularly in the developing countries where healthcare facilities are suboptimal and knowledge is limited. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at the trauma center of a tertiary care institute from August to September 2019, to assess the burden of HAI and antibiotic resistance pattern of HAI. The total sample size in our study was 105. Our objective was to estimate the point prevalence of HAI and study the associated factors in a tertiary care hospital. Result In this study, the point prevalence of HAI was five to six times higher when compared with that of developed countries. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant bacteria; with Acinetobacter baumannii the most common among them. Conclusion Point-prevalence survey is an important objective of the antimicrobial stewardship program; it will be helpful in controlling antimicrobial resistance and this tool plays a significant role in hospital settings. Our study is quite pertinent to assess the point prevalence of HAI. It will help in knowing the current prevalence and pattern of the HAI. Therefore, as healthcare administrators, we can further decrease the HAI for better patient outcomes in the future.

scholarly journals A Multicenter Point-Prevalence Survey of Antibiotic Use in Haiti, June–August 2019: Findings and Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s20-s21
Author(s):  
Hatim Sati ◽  
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien ◽  
Jenny Hsieh ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Theodule ◽  
Mauricio Cerpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitalized settings contributes to the selection and emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This trend is particularly challenging in resource-constrained settings where the high burden of infectious diseases, combined with suboptimal infection prevention and control measures, are further complicated by limited access to reliable microbiological services to inform antimicrobial prescription at the patient level. In this study, we describe the use of antibiotics in selected Haitian hospitals; we aimed to create a baseline to inform antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Methods: WHO/PAHO Hospital Antibiotic Use Point Prevalence Survey (HAMU-PPS) were conducted in 6 acute-care Haitian hospitals: La-Paix and Hospital-Albert (June 2019) and Hospital-Universitaire-Justinien, Hospital-Bienfaisance-de-Pignon, Hospital-Sacre-Coeur-de-Milot, and Hospital Immaculee-Conception-des-Cayes (July-August 2019) in 6 different cities. Trained data collectors completed electronic forms using REDCap software including data related to antibiotic use, indications, and utilization of laboratory services from medical records of all inpatients meeting study inclusion criteria. Analyses were done using Microsoft Excel software (v2016). Results: In total, 510 inpatients records were surveyed. Patients ages ranged from 0 to 92, with median age of 27 years (IQR, 4–47); 269 were women (57.7%) and 239 were men (46.9%). The prevalence of antibiotic use was 73% (95% CI, 68.2%–81.8 %); this prevalence was 74.5% among men (178 of 239) and 70.6% among women (190 of 269). The highest antibiotic use was observed among children aged <1 year (98 of 108, 90.7%). Of the patients on antibiotics, 63% were treated with >1 antibiotic. In addition, 384 indications for antibiotic prescription were reported. Of the indications for antibiotics therapy, 49.7% (191 of 384) were for treatment, and 49% (188 of 384) were for prophylaxis. Of the treatments, 92% were empiric with 6% reported as targeted. Only 13% (50 of 370) of the patient records indicated that samples were taken for microbiological identification. Of those, 9 had results for culture, and 1 had results for drug susceptibility. The most commonly reported antibiotic was ceftriaxone (n = 110, 23%) followed by ampicillin (n = 153, 21.4%) and metronidazole (n = 135, 20%). Conclusions: This study shows high use of antibiotics among hospitalized patients in Haitian hospitals, especially in children aged <1 year. Almost all the antibiotics were prescribed as either empiric or prophylaxis therapy, with very few microbiology samples collected. These results suggest limited laboratory corroboration across hospitals to inform antibiotic use. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions is recommended to optimize antibiotic therapy and to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in hospital care settings, but adaptation of the methodology should be done in settings with limited laboratory capacity.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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